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URL编码

本文的目的是设计一个完毕URL编码的C++类。

在我以前的项目中。我须要从VC++ 6.0应用程序中POST数据,而这些数据须要进行URL编码。

我在MSDN中查找能依据提供的字符串生成URL编码的相关类或API。但我没有找到。因此我必须设计一个自己的URLEncode C++类。

URLEncoder.exe是一个使用URLEncode类的MFC对话框程序。

怎样处理

一些特殊字符在Internet上传送是件棘手的事情, 经URL编码特殊处理。能够使全部字符安全地从Internet传送。

比如,回车的ASCII值是13,在发送FORM数据时候这就觉得是一行数据的结束。

通常。全部应用程序採用HTTP或HTTPS协议在client和server端传送数据。server端从client接收数据有两种基本方法:

1、数据能够从HTTP头传送(COOKIES或作为FORM数据发送)

2、能够包括在URL中的查询部分

当数据包括在URL。它必须遵循URL语法进行编码。

在WEBserver端,数据自己主动解码。考虑一下以下的URL,哪个数据是作为查询參数。

比如:http://WebSite/ResourceName?

Data=http://www.mamicode.com/Data

WebSite是URL名称

ResourceName能够是ASP或Servlet名称

Data是须要发送的数据。假设MIME类型是Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded,则要求进行编码。

RFC 1738

RFC 1738指明了统一资源定位(URLs)中的字符应该是US-ASCII字符集的子集。这是受HTML的限制,还有一方面,同意在文档中使用全部ISO-8859-1(ISO-Latin)字符集。这将意味着在HTML FORM里POST的数据(或作为查询字串的一部分),全部HTML编码必须被编码。

ISO-8859-1 (ISO-Latin)字符集

在下表中。包括了完整的ISO-8859-1 (ISO-Latin)字符集,表格提供了每一个字符范围(10进制),描写叙述,实际值,十六进制值,HTML结果。某个范围中的字符是否安全。

Character range(decimal) Type Values Safe/Unsafe
0-31 ASCII Control Characters These characters are not printable Unsafe
32-47 Reserved Characters ‘‘ ‘‘!?

#$%&‘‘()*+,-./

Unsafe
48-57 ASCII Characters and Numbers 0-9 Safe
58-64 Reserved Characters :;<=>?

@

Unsafe
65-90 ASCII Characters A-Z Safe
91-96 Reserved Characters [\]^_` Unsafe
97-122 ASCII Characters a-z Safe
123-126 Reserved Characters {|}~ Unsafe
127 Control Characters ‘‘ ‘‘ Unsafe
128-255 Non-ASCII Characters ‘‘ ‘‘ Unsafe

全部不安全的ASCII字符都须要编码。比如,范围(32-47, 58-64, 91-96, 123-126)。
下表描写叙述了这些字符为什么不安全。

Character Unsafe Reason Character Encode
"<" Delimiters around URLs in free text %3C
> Delimiters around URLs in free text %3E
. Delimits URLs in some systems %22
# It is used in the World Wide Web and in other systems to delimit a URL from a fragment/anchor identifier that might follow it. %23
{ Gateways and other transport agents are known to sometimes modify such characters %7B
} Gateways and other transport agents are known to sometimes modify such characters %7D
| Gateways and other transport agents are known to sometimes modify such characters %7C
\ Gateways and other transport agents are known to sometimes modify such characters %5C
^ Gateways and other transport agents are known to sometimes modify such characters %5E
~ Gateways and other transport agents are known to sometimes modify such characters %7E
[ Gateways and other transport agents are known to sometimes modify such characters %5B
] Gateways and other transport agents are known to sometimes modify such characters %5D
` Gateways and other transport agents are known to sometimes modify such characters %60
+ Indicates a space (spaces cannot be used in a URL) %20
/ Separates directories and subdirectories %2F
? Separates the actual URL and the parameters %3F
& Separator between parameters specified in the URL %26

怎样实现

字符的URL编码是将字符转换到8位16进制并在前面加上‘‘%‘‘前缀。比如。US-ASCII字符集中空格是10进制的32或16进制的20。因此,URL编码是%20。

URLEncode: URLEncode是一个C++类,来实现字符串的URL编码。CURLEncode类包括例如以下函数:

isUnsafeString

decToHex

convert

URLEncode

URLEncode()函数完毕编码过程,URLEncode检查每一个字符,看是否安全。

假设不安全将用%16进制值进行转换并加入
到原始字符串中。

代码片断:

class CURLEncode
{
private:
static CString csUnsafeString;
CString (char num, int radix);
bool isUnsafe(char compareChar);
CString convert(char val);
 
public:
CURLEncode() { };
virtual ~CURLEncode() { };
CString (CString vData);
};
 
bool CURLEncode::isUnsafe(char compareChar)
{
bool bcharfound = false;
char tmpsafeChar;
int m_strLen = 0;
 
m_strLen = csUnsafeString.GetLength();
for(int ichar_pos = 0; ichar_pos < m_strLen ;ichar_pos++)
{
tmpsafeChar = csUnsafeString.GetAt(ichar_pos);
if(tmpsafeChar == compareChar)
{
bcharfound = true;
break;
}
}
int char_ascii_value = http://www.mamicode.com/0;"%";
csRet += decToHex(val, 16);
return  csRet;
}



參考:

URL编码: http://www.blooberry.com/indexdot/html/topics/urlencoding.htm.

RFC 1866: The HTML 2.0 规范 (纯文本). 附录包括了字符表: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1866.txt.

Web HTML 2.0 版本号(RFC 1866) : http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html-spec/html-spec_13.html.

The HTML 3.2 (Wilbur) 建议: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Wilbur/.

The HTML 4.0 建议: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/.

W3C HTML 国际化区域: http://www.w3.org/International/O-HTML.html.

URL编码