首页 > 代码库 > [Solution] 使用Autofac在MVC、Web API、WCF中实现IOC
[Solution] 使用Autofac在MVC、Web API、WCF中实现IOC
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本来想聊一下面试过程的,1个星期面了6家,4家当场给offer,2家技术通过(1家没下文,1家复试).从中也学习到一些东西,先还是继续Coding吧.
官网:http://autofac.org/
下载:Install-Package Autofac -Version 3.5.2
Autofac是轻量级的开源IOC容器,传说是速度最快的一个,同类的框架还有用过Castle Windsor、StructureMap、Unity、Spring.Net等.
本节目录
- Hello World
- 注入高级对象
- 读取配置文件注入
- 结合ASP.NET MVC
- 结合ASP.NET Web API
- 结合WCF
Hello World
1.建立项目
CA:一个控制台项目,引用Nuget Autofac包.
2.建立一个依赖外部的类
public class Test
{
public Test(string str)
{
Console.WriteLine("hello " + str);
}
}
3.根据参数名直接注入
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//创建容器工厂
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
//注册Test类型到工厂中
builder.RegisterType<Test>();
//通过工厂创建容器
using (var container = builder.Build())
{
//解析Test并返回Test实例
container.Resolve<Test>(new NamedParameter("str", "world"));
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
过程:首先需要创建容器工厂,然后将各种类型注册到工厂中,再创建容器,通过容器实例化对象.
注入高级对象
添加1个构造函数
public Test(ISay say)
{
Console.WriteLine("say:" + say.Get());
}
接口及其实现
public class Say : ISay
{
public string Get()
{
return "hello world";
}
}
public interface ISay
{
string Get();
}
注入实现(Autofac会自动装配)
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterType<Test>();
builder.RegisterType<Say>().As<ISay>();
using (var container = builder.Build())
{
container.Resolve<Test>();
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
略作修改
public Test(Say say)//将接口改为指定具体实现类
{
Console.WriteLine("say:" + say.Get());
}
此时运行代码会报错,因为在容器中我们只注册了ISay接口.改为As<Say>或以下方式
builder.RegisterType<Say>().As<ISay>().AsSelf();
对象生命周期
注册到工厂的类型默认都调用InstancePerDependency方法.实现每个依赖都创建1个新实例
单例模式:
builder.RegisterType<Test>().SingleInstance();
读取配置文件注入
需要引用Nuget Autofac.Configuration包
注册类型代码
builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofac"));
App.config
<configSections>
<section name="autofac" type="Autofac.Configuration.SectionHandler, Autofac.Configuration" />
</configSections>
<autofac defaultAssembly="CA">
<components>
<component type="CA.Say, CA" service="CA.ISay" />
<component type="CA.Say, CA" service="CA.Say" />
</components>
</autofac>
service相当于As<T>中的T
结合ASP.NET MVC
1.Install-Package Autofac.Mvc5
2.Application_Start事件添加此方法
protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
#region 1.MVC Autofac注入
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
//类名.EndsWith("Controller")
builder.RegisterControllers(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
//这样既支持接口 又支持自己的类型
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly())
.AsImplementedInterfaces().AsSelf();
//容器
var container = builder.Build();
//注入改为Autofac注入
DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new AutofacDependencyResolver(container));
#endregion
#region 2.注册MVC路由
var routes = RouteTable.Routes;
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
#endregion
}
3.带参数的控制器构造函数
public class HomeController : Controller
{
public HomeController(Say say)
{
}
public string Index()
{
return "Hello World";
}
}
public class Say
{
public string Get()
{
return "Hello World";
}
}
4.浏览器访问~/
结合ASP.NET Web API
1.Install-Package Autofac.WebApi
2.由于WebAPI需要,引用系统自带Web.Http和Web.Http.WebHost
3.Application_Start添加此方法
protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var configuration = GlobalConfiguration.Configuration;
#region Autofac WebAPI注入
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterApiControllers(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()).AsImplementedInterfaces().AsSelf();
var container = builder.Build();
configuration.DependencyResolver = new AutofacWebApiDependencyResolver(container);
#endregion
#region 注册Web API路由
configuration.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "DefaultApi",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional });
#endregion
}
4.带参数的控制器构造函数
public class ValuesController : ApiController
{
public ValuesController(Say say)
{
}
public string Get()
{
return "Hello World";
}
}
public class Say
{
public string Get()
{
return "Hello World";
}
}
5.浏览器访问~/api/values
结合WCF
1.Install-Package Autofac.Wcf
2.Application_Start添加此方法
protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
#region WCF Autofac注入
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()).AsImplementedInterfaces().AsSelf();
var container = builder.Build();
//WCF IOC容器
AutofacHostFactory.Container = container;
#endregion
}
3.新建svc服务
public class TestService : ITestService
{
public TestService(Say say)
{
}
public string DoWork()
{
return "Hello World";
}
}
public class Say
{
public string Get()
{
return "Hello World";
}
}
[ServiceContract]
public interface ITestService
{
[OperationContract]
string DoWork();
}
4.svc指令中加一句:
Factory="Autofac.Integration.Wcf.AutofacServiceHostFactory, Autofac.Integration.Wcf"
5.wcftestclient
惭愧,好久没发博客了
参考页面：http://qingqingquege.cnblogs.com/p/5933752.html
[Solution] 使用Autofac在MVC、Web API、WCF中实现IOC