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游刃于MVC、WCF中的Autofac

为了程序的健壮性、扩展性、可维护性,依赖抽象而不是具体实现类等等,于是我选择了Autofac依赖注入容器 就是这个工厂来降低耦合。之前买东西是自己去超市,现在呢 我需要什么东西,他们给送过来直接拿到了。

 本例中将会分享

1.Autofac在Mvc的Controller控制器、Filter过滤器的使用

2.WCF中的使用

3.用Autofac来完成Unit Of Work工作单元模式 即同一个界限上下文内可以共享同一个工作单元实例。这样就可以统一提交,起到事务作用、数据统一性。一个http请求只有一个上下文实例也算是性能优化吧, 在这里只用到工作单元的一些皮毛。

Demo全貌如下

技术分享

  •  Autofac.DataModel 采用database first的实体数据模型
  •  Autofac.Repository 实体泛型的仓储模式 ,也可以简单的理解是数据层
  •  Autofac.CoreService 业务逻辑处理
  •  Autofac.UnitOfWork 工作单元统一提交 
  •  Autofac.Controllers 控制器层是从Web层把所有控制器提取出来,这里用到区域Area
  •  AutoFac.Web 前端采用的是MVVM模式的knockout.js ,还有autofac的配置
  •  Autofac.ViewModel 视图

  其中Repository、UnitOfWork、CoreService几者之间调用接口或对供其他层调用接口。

  从nuget获取必要的Autofac程序包 Autofac、Autofac.Configuration、Autofac.Integration.Mvc、Autofac.Integration.Wcf

各个层依赖的是接口而不是具体实现类,Autofac是个工厂可以通过编译的代码xml配置文件两种方式指定接口、实现类来完成注入实例。

这里用的是xml配置的方式,需要用到Autofac.Configuration程序集。这样做有个明显的好处:文件不需要编译;不会扰乱各层关系。为什么这么说呢?如果用代码来完成,web层就需要其他层的接口和实现类 也就是引用Repository、UnitOfWork、CoreService层,很明显web层只需要引用Autofac.Controllers  就足够了。而通过xml配置文件可以在bin目录下找到具体的程序集如:Autofac.CoreService.dll

Autoface依赖注入在MVC里实现

Global.cs    

protected void Application_Start()        {            //创建IOC容器            AutofacRegistion.BuildMvcContainer();            AutofacRegistion.BuildWcfContainer();            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();            WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);            FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);            RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);        }
/// <summary>    /// 依赖注入Controller、FilterAtrribute、WCF    /// </summary>    public class AutofacRegistion    {        /// <summary>        /// 创建 MVC容器(包含Filter)        /// </summary>        public static void BuildMvcContainer()        {            var builder = new ContainerBuilder();            //注册Module方法2 在Web.config中配制方式            builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofacMvc"));            //加载 *.Controllers 层的控制器,否则无法在其他层控制器构造注入,只能在web层注入            Assembly[] asm = GetAllAssembly("*.Controllers.dll").ToArray();            builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(asm);            //注册仓储            Assembly[] asmRepository = GetAllAssembly("*.Repository.dll").ToArray();            builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(asmRepository)               .Where(t => t.Name.EndsWith("Repository"))               .AsImplementedInterfaces();            builder.RegisterControllers(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());            builder.RegisterModelBinders(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());            builder.RegisterModelBinderProvider();                        //注册过滤器             builder.RegisterFilterProvider();            builder.RegisterType<OperateAttribute>().PropertiesAutowired();            builder.RegisterControllers(typeof(MvcApplication).Assembly);            var container = builder.Build();            DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new AutofacDependencyResolver(container));        }        /// <summary>        ///创建WCF的容器,不存放Controller、Filter        /// </summary>        public static void BuildWcfContainer()        {            var builder = new ContainerBuilder();            builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofacWcf"));            builder.RegisterModelBinders(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());            builder.RegisterModelBinderProvider();            var container = builder.Build();            //WCF IOC容器            AutofacHostFactory.Container = container;            //DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new AutofacDependencyResolver(container));        }        #region 加载程序集        public static List<Assembly> GetAllAssembly(string dllName)        {            List<string> pluginpath = FindPlugin(dllName);            var list = new List<Assembly>();            foreach (string filename in pluginpath)            {                try                {                    string asmname = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(filename);                    if (asmname != string.Empty)                    {                        Assembly asm = Assembly.LoadFrom(filename);                        list.Add(asm);                    }                }                catch (Exception ex)                {                    Console.Write(ex.Message);                }            }            return list;        }        //查找所有插件的路径        private static List<string> FindPlugin(string dllName)        {            List<string> pluginpath = new List<string>();                           string path = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;                string dir = Path.Combine(path, "bin");                string[] dllList = Directory.GetFiles(dir, dllName);                if (dllList.Length > 0)                {                    pluginpath.AddRange(dllList.Select(item => Path.Combine(dir, item.Substring(dir.Length + 1))));                }            return pluginpath;        }        #endregion    }

说明:

1 web.config还需要配置 globlal代码中对应的【autofacMvc】和【autofacWcf】节点

2 反射*.Controllers.dll获取 Autofac.Controllers程序集,实现注入

3 反射*.Repository.dll获取 Autofac.Repository程序集 以‘Repository‘结尾的类的实例注入到它所继承的接口,这个就不需要在xml中配置

4 filter的注入和controller的注入方式不一样

5 MVC和WCF注入实例分别存到两个容器中。这就用到Autofac.Integration.Mvc、Autofac.Integration.Wcf两个程序集。WCF注入的容器中不需要Controller、Filter,就可以把相关的反射和注册去掉了。

web.config

<configSections>    <!-- autofac配置-->    <section name="autofacMvc" type="Autofac.Configuration.SectionHandler, Autofac.Configuration" />    <section name="autofacWcf" type="Autofac.Configuration.SectionHandler, Autofac.Configuration" />  </configSections>  <autofacMvc>    <files>      <file name="configs/CoreService.config" section="autofac" />    </files>  </autofacMvc>  <autofacWcf>    <files>      <!--<file name="configs/IocDAL.config" section="autofac" />-->    </files>  </autofacWcf>  <!--↑↑↑↑autofac配置结束↑↑↑↑-->

在上述webconfig中为了统一管理配置,具体指定接口、实现类、和注入实例的生命周期放到了configs/CoreService.config文件中

CoreService.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><configuration>    <configSections>        <section name="autofac" type="Autofac.Configuration.SectionHandler, Autofac.Configuration"/>    </configSections>    <autofac>        <components>      <!--DbContext上下文的生命周期为【per-lifetime-scope】即http请求的生命周期 -->      <component type="Autofac.DataModel.VehicleCheckDBEntities, Autofac.DataModel"                        service="System.Data.Entity.DbContext, EntityFramework"                       instance-scope="per-lifetime-scope"/>            <component type="Autofac.UnitOfWork.UnitOfWork, Autofac.UnitOfWork" service="Autofac.UnitOfWork.IUnitOfWork, Autofac.UnitOfWork" />                        <component type="Autofac.CoreService.Impl.UserManage, Autofac.CoreService" service="Autofac.CoreService.IUserManage, Autofac.CoreService" />            <component type="Autofac.CoreService.Impl.RoleManage, Autofac.CoreService" service="Autofac.CoreService.IRoleManage, Autofac.CoreService" />        </components>    </autofac></configuration>

说明:

1 component组件配置中type、service配置的是实现类、程序集名称(不是命名空间)、接口、程序集名称。

2 instance-scope 配置的是实例的生命周期。本例中用到两种:一是默认的调用一次创建一次;二是一个http请求会共享一个实例,期间会多次用到,但只有一个实例。这个就是工作单元的核心了。instance-scope="per-lifetime-scope"类型共享DbContext的上下文实例。

参考官网 http://docs.autofac.org/en/latest/configuration/xml.html#additional-config-files

注入方式

MVC、WCF下是通过构造方法注入,Filter过滤器是通过访问器get set注入,下面有具体区别。

Controller和其他层的构造注入

public class HomeController : Controller    {        private readonly IUserManage _userManage;        private IRoleManage _roleManage;        public HomeController(IUserManage userManage, IRoleManage roleManage)        {            _userManage = userManage;            _roleManage = roleManage;        }   }

Filter过滤器的注入取得实例

public class OperateAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute    {        public IUserManage UserManage { get; set; }        public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)        {            //Do Something...            var user =UserManage.LoadUser(0);            if (user == null)            {                filterContext.Result = new JsonResult                {                    Data=new{message="不合法操作,未能进入"},                    JsonRequestBehavior = JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet                };             }        }    }

WCF注入

<!-- wcf服务文件 --><%@ ServiceHost     Language="C#"     Debug="true"     Service="CypApp.VehicleWeb.Services.IAutofacService,CypApp.VehicleWeb"     Factory="Autofac.Integration.Wcf.AutofacServiceHostFactory, Autofac.Integration.Wcf"%>    //契约的实现类服务   /// <summary>   /// Autofac wcf注入   /// </summary>    public class AutofacService : IAutofacService    {        private readonly IInspectorBc _functionBc;        //构造函数依赖注入        public AutofacService(IInspectorBc functionBc)        {            _functionBc = functionBc;        }        public void DoWork()        {            _functionBc.GetCompanyIdByInspectorId(0);        }    }}
/// <summary>    ///     EntityFramework仓储操作基类    /// </summary>    /// <typeparam name="TEntity">动态实体类型</typeparam>    public class EFRepositoryBase<TEntity> : IRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : class,new()    {        public EFRepositoryBase(DbContext context)        {            Context = context;        }        public DbContext Context { get; set; }        public void Dispose()        {            if (Context==null)return;            Context.Dispose();            Context = null;            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);        }        public IQueryable<TEntity> Entities()        {            return Context.Set<TEntity>().AsQueryable();        }        //Delete、Update等等}
public sealed class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork    {        /// <summary>        /// The DbContext        /// </summary>        private DbContext _dbContext;        /// <summary>        /// Initializes a new instance of the UnitOfWork class.        /// </summary>        /// <param name="context">The object context</param>        public UnitOfWork(DbContext context)        {            _dbContext = context;        }        /// <summary>        /// Saves all pending changes        /// </summary>        /// <returns>The number of objects in an Added, Modified, or Deleted state</returns>        public int Commit()        {            // Save changes with the default options            return _dbContext.SaveChanges();        }        /// <summary>        /// Disposes the current object        /// </summary>        public void Dispose()        {            Dispose(true);            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);        }        /// <summary>        /// Disposes all external resources.        /// </summary>        /// <param name="disposing">The dispose indicator.</param>        private void Dispose(bool disposing)        {            if (disposing)            {                if (_dbContext != null)                {                    _dbContext.Dispose();                    _dbContext = null;                }            }        }    }

//业务逻辑处理
public
class UserManage : IUserManage { private readonly IUserRepository _userRepository; private readonly IUserRoleRepository _userRoleRepository; private IUnitOfWork _unitOfWork; public UserManage(IUserRepository userRepository, IUserRoleRepository userRoleRepository,IUnitOfWork unitOfWork) { _userRepository = userRepository; _userRoleRepository = userRoleRepository; _unitOfWork = unitOfWork; } /// <summary> /// 添加、修改 User /// </summary> /// <param name="userModel"></param> /// <param name="message"></param> /// <returns></returns> public bool SaveUser(UserModel userModel , out string message) { message = null; var userEntity = new Sys_User { UserName = userModel.UserName, Password = userModel.Password, UserTrueName = userModel.UserTrueName, CreateDate = DateTime.Now, }; //添加用户 if (userModel.Id < 1) { _userRepository.Insert(userEntity); _unitOfWork.Commit(); if (userEntity.Id < 1) { message = "添加用户失败"; return false; } } //修改操作 else { //删除用户角色关系 var userRoleIdArray = _userRoleRepository.Entities() .Where(m => m.UserId == userModel.Id) .Select(s => s.Id).ToList(); foreach (var roleId in userRoleIdArray) { _userRoleRepository.Delete(new Sys_User_Roles {Id = roleId}); } } var userRoles = new List<Sys_User_Roles>(); foreach (var roleId in userModel.Role) { userRoles.Add(new Sys_User_Roles { UserId = userModel.Id, RoleId = roleId }); } //添加用户角色关系 _userRoleRepository.Insert(userRoles); return _unitOfWork.Commit() > 0; }

 批量删除、批量添加操作只是映射,并未提交,只有Commit后才会保存数据。各个类拿到的DbContext是同一个实例,因此统一提交整个上下文状态才起到了作用。

仓储和工作单元都有销毁方法, 每次调用仓储类和工作单元类, 都会从IOC容器取到共享实例Dbcontext,当处理完业务后会把这些拿到的Dbcontext实例销毁掉。

 

共享Demo

AutoFac.7z

 

游刃于MVC、WCF中的Autofac