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（转）ASP.NET MVC路由配置
一、命名参数规范+匿名对象
1 routes.MapRoute(name: "Default",2 url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", 3 defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } ); 构造路由然后添加
1 Route myRoute = new Route("{controller}/{action}", new MvcRouteHandler()); 2 routes.Add("MyRoute", myRoute); 二、直接方法重载+匿名对象
1 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" }); 个人觉得第一种比较易懂，第二种方便调试，第三种写起来比较效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三种。
1.默认路由(MVC自带)
1 routes.MapRoute( 2 "Default", // 路由名称 3 "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // 带有参数的 URL 4 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值 2.静态URL段
1 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }); 2 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" }); 3 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction.js", 4 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }); 没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。
比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js，response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。
3.自定义常规变量URL段
1 routes.MapRoute("MyRoute2", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "DefaultId" });这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话，因为第三段(id)没有值，根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId
这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出
1 ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];
结果是标题显示为DefaultId， 注意要在控制器里面赋值，在视图赋值没法编译的。
4.再述默认路由
然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法，这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解，实际参数是用户发来的，我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是，如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话，建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如：
public ActionResult Index(string id = "abcd"){ ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"]; return View();}5.可变长度路由
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional });在这里id和最后一段都是可变的，所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....
6.跨命名空间路由
这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间，开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流，不建议瞎搞。
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers", "UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers" }); 但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的，如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。
routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute","Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" }); 这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦，也就不再往下找啦。
1 Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute", 2 "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", 3 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, 4 new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false;7.正则表达式匹配路由
1 routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",2 "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", 3 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, 4 new { controller = "^H.*"}, 5 new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});约束多个URL
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { controller = "^H.*", action = "^Index$|^About___FCKpd___13quot;}, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});8.指定请求方法
1 routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", 2 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, 3 new { controller = "^H.*", action = "Index|About", httpMethod = new HttpMethodConstraint("GET") }, 4 new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" }); 9.最后还是不爽的话自己写个类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Web; 5 using System.Web.Routing; 6 /// <summary> 7 /// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, you can define your own custom constraints by implementing the IRouteConstraint interface. 8 /// </summary> 9 public class UserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint 10 { 11 12 private string requiredUserAgent; 13 public UserAgentConstraint(string agentParam) 14 { 15 requiredUserAgent = agentParam; 16 } 17 public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName, 18 RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection) 19 { 20 return httpContext.Request.UserAgent != null && 21 httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent); 22 } 23 } 1 routes.MapRoute("ChromeRoute", "{*catchall}", 2 3 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }, 4 5 new { customConstraint = new UserAgentConstraint("Chrome") }, 6 7 new[] { "UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); 比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。
10.访问本地文档
1 routes.RouteExistingFiles = true; 2 3 routes.MapRoute("DiskFile", "Content/StaticContent.html", new { controller = "Customer", action = "List", });浏览网站，以开启 IIS Express，然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置(applicationhost.config)-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点
1 <add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
把这个节点里的preCondition删除，变成
1 <add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="" />
11.直接访问本地资源，绕过了路由系统
1 routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html"); 文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。
IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话，后面的规则都无效了。 这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");写最前面的原因。
三、路由测试(在测试项目的基础上，要装moq)
1 PM> Install-Package Moq
1 using System; 2 using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting; 3 using System.Web; 4 using Moq; 5 using System.Web.Routing; 6 using System.Reflection; 7 [TestClass] 8 public class RoutesTest 9 { 10 private HttpContextBase CreateHttpContext(string targetUrl = null, string HttpMethod = "GET") 11 { 12 // create the mock request 13 Mock<HttpRequestBase> mockRequest = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>(); 14 mockRequest.Setup(m => m.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath) 15 .Returns(targetUrl); 16 mockRequest.Setup(m => m.HttpMethod).Returns(HttpMethod); 17 // create the mock response 18 Mock<HttpResponseBase> mockResponse = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>(); 19 mockResponse.Setup(m => m.ApplyAppPathModifier( 20 It.IsAny<string>())).Returns<string>(s => s); 21 // create the mock context, using the request and response 22 Mock<HttpContextBase> mockContext = new Mock<HttpContextBase>(); 23 mockContext.Setup(m => m.Request).Returns(mockRequest.Object); 24 mockContext.Setup(m => m.Response).Returns(mockResponse.Object); 25 // return the mocked context 26 return mockContext.Object; 27 } 28 29 private void TestRouteMatch(string url, string controller, string action, object routeProperties = null, string httpMethod = "GET") 30 { 31 // Arrange 32 RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection(); 33 RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes); 34 // Act - process the route 35 RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url, httpMethod)); 36 // Assert 37 Assert.IsNotNull(result); 38 Assert.IsTrue(TestIncomingRouteResult(result, controller, action, routeProperties)); 39 } 40 41 private bool TestIncomingRouteResult(RouteData routeResult, string controller, string action, object propertySet = null) 42 { 43 Func<object, object, bool> valCompare = (v1, v2) => 44 { 45 return StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase 46 .Compare(v1, v2) == 0; 47 }; 48 bool result = valCompare(routeResult.Values["controller"], controller) 49 && valCompare(routeResult.Values["action"], action); 50 if (propertySet != null) 51 { 52 PropertyInfo[] propInfo = propertySet.GetType().GetProperties(); 53 foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propInfo) 54 { 55 if (!(routeResult.Values.ContainsKey(pi.Name) 56 && valCompare(routeResult.Values[pi.Name], 57 pi.GetValue(propertySet, null)))) 58 { 59 result = false; 60 break; 61 } 62 } 63 } 64 return result; 65 } 66 67 private void TestRouteFail(string url) 68 { 69 // Arrange 70 RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection(); 71 RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes); 72 // Act - process the route 73 RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url)); 74 // Assert 75 Assert.IsTrue(result == null || result.Route == null); 76 } 77 78 [TestMethod] 79 public void TestIncomingRoutes() 80 { 81 // check for the URL that we hope to receive 82 TestRouteMatch("~/Admin/Index", "Admin", "Index"); 83 // check that the values are being obtained from the segments 84 TestRouteMatch("~/One/Two", "One", "Two"); 85 // ensure that too many or too few segments fails to match 86 TestRouteFail("~/Admin/Index/Segment");//失败 87 TestRouteFail("~/Admin");//失败 88 TestRouteMatch("~/", "Home", "Index"); 89 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer", "Customer", "Index"); 90 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List", "Customer", "List"); 91 TestRouteFail("~/Customer/List/All");//失败 92 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All" }); 93 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete" }); 94 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete/Perm", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete/Perm" }); 95 } 96 97 98 99 } （转）ASP.NET MVC路由配置
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