作者： 彭东林

邮箱： pengdonglin137@163.com

QQ:   405728433

开发板：     tq2440

工具：       Win7 + VMware + Debian6

U-boot版本： u-boot-2015.01

Linux版本：  天嵌自带的 linux-2.6.30.4

GCC版本:     gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-176)

之前由于移植过u-boot-2014.04到tq2440上，现在移植u-boot-2015.01的时候就不说那么详细了，因为之前已经说的很详细了，现在简略移植一下。

在移植的时候，基本上是参考移植u-boot-2014.04时写的文档，可以到这里下载：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1jGxEYQq

首先说明一下u-boot-2015.01跟之前版本的差别

从http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/下载最新的u-boot版本，目前最新的是 u-boot-2015.01.tar.bz2

下面是解压后得到的文件：

可以看到目录内容跟u-boot-2014.04不同了，下面是u-boot-2014.04的顶层目录内容：

其中最不同的就是我们所熟悉的在u-boot-2014.04中的boards.cfg和mkconfig没有了，而同时又在u-boot-2015.01的顶层目录下多出了一个configs目录，还有一个Kconfig文件（这不是Linux内核所特有的吗？），可以看到u-boot一直在学习Linux内核的配置和编译方法。

在configs目录下有很多默认的配置文件：

在Linux的arch/arm/configs下面也有很多默认的配置文件，Linux内核在配置的时候可以使用 make xxx_defconfig 来配置，

看样子，u-boot也可以使用make xxx_defconfig，Linux内核还可以使用make menuconfig来配置，u-boot也可以使用make menuconfig来配置，下面我们用smdk2410为例实验一下：

在u-boot-2015.01的configs目录下有一个叫做smd2410_defconfig的配置文件，那么执行 make smd2410_defconfig

然后我们再执行make menuconfig试试：

果然如此。

我们选择的是smdk2410的配置文件，在这里体现出来：

然后就可以编译了， 直接执行 make 即可，刚开始会报错：

原因是我们没有指定交叉编译工具链的名字，修改顶层的Makefile即可：

然后再执行make就可以编译成功。

在以前的u-boot配置是总是有什么ARCH、CPU、BOARD和SOC之类的变量，同时编译完成后会在include下生成一个叫做config.mk的文件，其中对这几个变量赋值了，如:

但是在u-boot-2015.01编译完成后，在include下面却没有config.mk了，只有autoconf.mk了，那它是怎么做的呢？

在u-boot-2015.01中执行完make smdk2410_defconfig后，会在顶层目录中生成一个.config文件，我们大致看一下其中的内容：

可以看到，在.config中还是有ARCH、CPU、SOC以及BOARD之类的配置项，在顶层目录下的config.mk中会使用.config中的配置：

在arch/Kconfig中对这几个配置进行了说明：

config SYS_ARCH
    string
    help
      This option should contain the architecture name to build the
      appropriate arch/<CONFIG_SYS_ARCH> directory.
      All the architectures should specify this option correctly.

config SYS_CPU
    string
    help
      This option should contain the CPU name to build the correct
      arch/<CONFIG_SYS_ARCH>/cpu/<CONFIG_SYS_CPU> directory.

      This is optional.  For those targets without the CPU directory,
      leave this option empty.

config SYS_SOC
    string
    help
      This option should contain the SoC name to build the directory
      arch/<CONFIG_SYS_ARCH>/cpu/<CONFIG_SYS_CPU>/<CONFIG_SYS_SOC>.

      This is optional.  For those targets without the SoC directory,
      leave this option empty.

config SYS_VENDOR
    string
    help
      This option should contain the vendor name of the target board.
      If it is set and
      board/<CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR>/common/Makefile exists, the vendor common
      directory is compiled.
      If CONFIG_SYS_BOARD is also set, the sources under
      board/<CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR>/<CONFIG_SYS_BOARD> directory are compiled.

      This is optional.  For those targets without the vendor directory,
      leave this option empty.

config SYS_BOARD
    string
    help
      This option should contain the name of the target board.
      If it is set, either board/<CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR>/<CONFIG_SYS_BOARD>
      or board/<CONFIG_SYS_BOARD> directory is compiled depending on
      whether CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR is set or not.

      This is optional.  For those targets without the board directory,
      leave this option empty.

config SYS_CONFIG_NAME
    string
    help
      This option should contain the base name of board header file.
      The header file include/configs/<CONFIG_SYS_CONFIG_NAME>.h
      should be included from include/config.h.

同时在arch/Kconfig中又会加载其他目录下的Kconfig，如 source “arch/arm/Kconfig”，在arch/arm/Kconfig中又会加载board目录下的Kconfig，如 source “board/samsung/smdk2410/Kconfig”，下面我们看一下board/samsung/smdk2410/Kconfig中的内容：

不错，就是在这里对.config中的那几个配置赋了值，可以看到，第一个行用TARGET_SMDK2410进行了判断，这个在arch/arm/Kconfig中：

意思是： 如果选择的是smd2410，TARGET_SMDK2410会被选择，然后board/samsung/smdk2410/Kconfig会对CONFIG_SYS_CPU、CONFIG_SYS_SOC、CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR、CONFIG_SYS_BOARD、CONFIG_SYS_CONFIG_NAME赋值：

先说到这里吧。

下面开始移植tq2440

参考u-boot-2014.04移植手册(TQ2440).pdf文档

1. 清理一下刚才编译的垃圾

   make distclean

2. 拷贝

•    cp -a board/samsung/smdk2410/ board/tq2440
•    cd board/tq2440
•    mv smdk2410.c tq2440.c
•    修改board/tq2440/Makefile

•    修改board/tq2440/Kconfig

•    修改arch/arm/Kconfig， 添加smdk2440的配置项

•    修改arch/arm/Kconfig， 加载board/tq2440/Kconfig

•    拷贝配置文件include/configs/smdk2410.h为include/configs/tq2440.h：

         cp include/configs/smdk2410.h include/configs/tq2440.h

•    拷贝默认配置文件

         cp configs/smdk2410_defconfig configs/tq2440_defconfig

•    修改configs/tq2440_defconfig， 在配置时我们就可以使用 make tq2440_defconfig了。

   将include/configs/tq2440.h中的smdk2410的信息注释掉，注意不能使用 // 这种注释方法，而必须使用 #if … #endif 或者 /**/，否则在编译链接时会出错，可能是u-boot的一个bug。

  下面的内容就不说了，需要注意的是由于定义了宏CONFIG_SYS_GENERIC_BOARD，代码运行的过程跟以前有所不同，如在arch/arm/lib/crt0.S中的board_init_f和board_init_r分别调用的是common/board_f.c中的board_init_f和common/board_r.c中的board_init_r。

下面是patch的下载地址，目前仅支持norflash和dm9000，还不支持nandflash等（可以参考u-boot-2014.04移植手册完成）。

http://pan.baidu.com/s/1pJyqcMf

通过将天嵌自带的内核uImage通过tftp下载到内存的0x30008000地址处，然后设置bootargs为"noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0"，然后设置machid为a8，使用bootm 0x30008000可以正确的启动内核：

U-Boot 2015.01-gbfc9037-dirty (Jan 31 2015 - 18:49:33)

CPUID: 32440001
FCLK:      400 MHz
HCLK:      100 MHz
PCLK:       50 MHz
DRAM:  64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Net:   dm9000
TQ2440 # setenv bootargs ‘noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0‘
TQ2440 # tftp 0x30008000 uImage
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:11:22:33:44:55
could not establish link
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename ‘uImage‘.
Load address: 0x30008000
Loading: #################################################################
         #################################################################
         ###################################
         1.5 MiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 2415820 (24dccc hex)
TQ2440 # bootm 0x30008000
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000 ...
   Image Name:   Linux-2.6.30.4-EmbedSky
   Created:      2015-01-31  11:08:47 UTC
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    2415756 Bytes = 2.3 MiB
   Load Address: 30008000
   Entry Point:  30008000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   Loading Kernel Image ... OK
Using machid 0xa8 from environment

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................................................................................ done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.30.4-EmbedSky (pengdl@debian) (gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-176) ) #1 Sat Jan 31 19:08:25 CST 2015
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: TQ2440
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C244X: core 400.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0
NR_IRQS:85
irq: clearing pending ext status 00080000
irq: clearing subpending status 00000003
irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes)
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 59664KB available (4512K code, 454K data, 240K init, 0K highmem)
SLUB: Genslabs=11, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
Calibrating delay loop... 199.47 BogoMIPS (lpj=498688)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
net_namespace: 296 bytes
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2440: Initialising architecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c4808040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c4808080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c48080c0, irq 36
S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 97 KHz
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
yaffs Jan 31 2015 19:04:20 Installing.
msgmni has been set to 116
alg: No test for stdrng (krng)
io scheduler noop registered (default)
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 60x17
fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device
bkl initialized
led initialized
beep initialized
adc initialized
s3c2440-uart.0: ttySAC0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1: ttySAC1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2: ttySAC2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
loop: module loaded
Driver ‘sd‘ needs updating - please use bus_type methods
PPP generic driver version 2.4.2
PPP Deflate Compression module registered
PPP BSD Compression module registered
PPP MPPE Compression module registered
NET: Registered protocol family 24
PPPoL2TP kernel driver, V1.0
dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31
dm9000_set_io byte_width 4
dm9000_set_io byte_width 2
dm9000 revision 0x01  io_mode 00
Now use the default MAC address: 10:23:45:67:89:ab
eth0 (dm9000): not using net_device_ops yet
eth0: dm9000e at c4818000,c481c004 IRQ 51 MAC: 10:23:45:67:89:ab (EmbedSky)
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=2, 20ns Twrph0=3 30ns, Twrph1=2 20ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 3 MTD partitions on "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x000000000000-0x000000040000 : "EmbedSky_Board_uboot"
0x000000200000-0x000000500000 : "EmbedSky_Board_kernel"
0x000000500000-0x000010000000 : "EmbedSky_Board_yaffs2"
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 ‘Open‘ Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001
usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
usb usb1: Product: S3C24XX OHCI
usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.30.4-EmbedSky ohci_hcd
usb usb1: SerialNumber: s3c24xx
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
USB Mass Storage support registered.
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial
usbserial: USB Serial Driver core
USB Serial support registered for pl2303
usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303
pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver
s3c2410_udc: debugfs dir creation failed -19
s3c2440-usbgadget s3c2440-usbgadget: S3C2440: increasing FIFO to 128 bytes
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
input: tq2440-keys as /devices/platform/tq2440-keys/input/input0
TQ2440 TouchScreen successfully loaded
input: TQ2440 TouchScreen as /devices/virtual/input/input1
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc disabled, re-enabling
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc core: registered s3c as rtc0
i2c /dev entries driver
Linux video capture interface: v2.00
initializing s3c2440 camera interface......
s3c2440 camif init done
Loading cam-dev driver.........
ov9650 address 0x60, manufacture ID 0xFFFF, expect 0x7FA2
SAA7113 address 0x4A, manufacture 0xFF, expect 0x11
unreconize id found!show ID
ov9650 address 0x60, product ID 0xFF, expect 0x7FA2
ov9650 init done!
version=1
cx231xx v4l2 driver loaded.
usbcore: registered new interface driver cx231xx
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbvision
USBVision USB Video Device Driver for Linux : 0.9.10
usbcore: registered new interface driver ov511
ov511: v1.64 for Linux 2.5:ov511 USB Camera Driver
SE401 usb camera driver version 0.24 registering
usbcore: registered new interface driver se401
usbcore: registered new interface driver stv680
stv680 [usb_stv680_init:1550]
STV(i): usb camera driver version v0.25 registering<6>stv680: v0.25:STV0680 USB Camera Driver
w9968cf: V4L driver for W996[87]CF JPEG USB Dual Mode Camera Chip 1:1.34-basic
usbcore: registered new interface driver w9968cf
usbcore: registered new interface driver zr364xx
zr364xx: Zoran 364xx
usbcore: registered new interface driver stkwebcam
sn9c102: V4L2 driver for SN9C1xx PC Camera Controllers v1:1.47pre49
usbcore: registered new interface driver sn9c102
et61x251: V4L2 driver for ET61X[12]51 PC Camera Controllers v1:1.09
usbcore: registered new interface driver et61x251
pwc: Philips webcam module version 10.0.13 loaded.
pwc: Supports Philips PCA645/646, PCVC675/680/690, PCVC720[40]/730/740/750 & PCVC830/840.
pwc: Also supports the Askey VC010, various Logitech Quickcams, Samsung MPC-C10 and MPC-C30,
pwc: the Creative WebCam 5 & Pro Ex, SOTEC Afina Eye and Visionite VCS-UC300 and VCS-UM100.
usbcore: registered new interface driver Philips webcam
zc0301: V4L2 driver for ZC0301[P] Image Processor and Control Chip v1:1.10
usbcore: registered new interface driver zc0301
gspca: main v2.5.0 registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver conex
conex: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver etoms
etoms: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver finepix
finepix: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver mars
mars: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver mr97310a
mr97310a: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver ov519
ov519: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver ov534
ov534: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver pac207
pac207: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver pac7311
pac7311: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver sonixb
sonixb: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver sonixj
sonixj: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca500
spca500: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca501
spca501: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca505
spca505: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca506
spca506: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca508
spca508: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca561
spca561: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver sq905
sq905: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver sq905c
sq905c: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver sunplus
sunplus: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver stk014
stk014: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver t613
t613: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver tv8532
tv8532: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver vc032x
vc032x: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver zc3xx
zc3xx: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver ALi m5602
ALi m5602: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver STV06xx
STV06xx: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver ibmcam
usbcore: registered new interface driver ultracam
konicawc: v1.4:Konica Webcam driver
usbcore: registered new interface driver konicawc
usbcore: registered new interface driver vicam
quickcam_messenger: v0.01:Logitech Quickcam Messenger USB
usbcore: registered new interface driver QCM
usbcore: registered new interface driver s2255
usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo
USB Video Class driver (v0.1.0)
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: starting watchdog timer
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog active, reset abled, irq enabled
mapped channel 0 to 0
s3c2440-sdi s3c2440-sdi: powered down.
s3c2440-sdi s3c2440-sdi: initialisation done.
s3c2440-sdi s3c2440-sdi: powered down.
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: v2.6:USB HID core driver
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.18a.
No device for DAI UDA134X
No device for DAI s3c24xx-i2s
S3C24XX_UDA134X SoC Audio driver
UDA134X SoC Audio Codec
asoc: UDA134X <-> s3c24xx-i2s mapping ok
ALSA device list:
  #0: S3C24XX_UDA134X (UDA134X)
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2013-10-05 16:41:22 UTC (1380991282)
yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"
yaffs: auto selecting yaffs2
yaffs: restored from checkpoint
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 1
VFS: Mounted root (yaffs filesystem) on device 31:2.
Freeing init memory: 240K
mount: mounting debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug failed: No such file or directory
eth0: link down

Please press Enter to activate this console. eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xCDE1

[root@TQ2440 /]#
[root@TQ2440 /]#
[root@TQ2440 /]#

个人感觉，u-boot的架构做得会越来越像Linux内核。

完！！