1、ev_loop是libev用来描述事件循环的结构体。在libev中的定义比较绕，这里把它摘抄出来，做下注释，方便学习。libev的定义如下

struct ev_loop{  ev_tstamp ev_rt_now;  #define ev_rt_now ((loop)->ev_rt_now)  #define VAR(name,decl) decl;    #include "ev_vars.h"  #undef VAR};#include "ev_wrap.h"static struct ev_loop default_loop_struct;EV_API_DECL struct ev_loop *ev_default_loop_ptr = 0;

ev_tstamp 是double类型，是一个时间事件的计数类型，这里使用define来定义ev_rt_now为((loop)->ev_rt_now)，程序里可以直接使用ev_rt_now，后边结构体的定义都是这样，这可能是作者的一些编程技巧。

#define VAR(name,decl) decl; #define VARx(type,name) VAR(name, type name)

这两行表示了一个意思，用type来定义name，就是等于 type name；如 int backend；相当于在结构体中定义了一个变量。具体变量在ev_vars.h头文件中定义。

ev_warp.h文件的作用和#define ev_rt_now ((loop)->ev_rt_now) 相同。具体两个文件代码如下：

#define VARx(type,name) VAR(name, type name)VARx(ev_tstamp, now_floor) /* last time we refreshed rt_time */VARx(ev_tstamp, mn_now)    /* monotonic clock "now" */VARx(ev_tstamp, rtmn_diff) /* difference realtime - monotonic time *//* for reverse feeding of events */VARx(W *, rfeeds)VARx(int, rfeedmax)VARx(int, rfeedcnt)VAR (pendings, ANPENDING *pendings [NUMPRI])VAR (pendingmax, int pendingmax [NUMPRI])VAR (pendingcnt, int pendingcnt [NUMPRI])VARx(int, pendingpri) /* highest priority currently pending */VARx(ev_prepare, pending_w) /* dummy pending watcher */VARx(ev_tstamp, io_blocktime)VARx(ev_tstamp, timeout_blocktime)VARx(int, backend)VARx(int, activecnt) /* total number of active events ("refcount") */VARx(EV_ATOMIC_T, loop_done)  /* signal by ev_break */VARx(int, backend_fd)VARx(ev_tstamp, backend_mintime) /* assumed typical timer resolution */VAR (backend_modify, void (*backend_modify)(EV_P_ int fd, int oev, int nev))VAR (backend_poll  , void (*backend_poll)(EV_P_ ev_tstamp timeout))VARx(ANFD *, anfds)VARx(int, anfdmax)VAR (evpipe, int evpipe [2])VARx(ev_io, pipe_w)VARx(EV_ATOMIC_T, pipe_write_wanted)VARx(EV_ATOMIC_T, pipe_write_skipped)#if !defined(_WIN32) || EV_GENWRAPVARx(pid_t, curpid)#endifVARx(char, postfork)  /* true if we need to recreate kernel state after fork */#if EV_USE_SELECT || EV_GENWRAPVARx(void *, vec_ri)VARx(void *, vec_ro)VARx(void *, vec_wi)VARx(void *, vec_wo)#if defined(_WIN32) || EV_GENWRAPVARx(void *, vec_eo)#endifVARx(int, vec_max)#endif#if EV_USE_POLL || EV_GENWRAPVARx(struct pollfd *, polls)VARx(int, pollmax)VARx(int, pollcnt)VARx(int *, pollidxs) /* maps fds into structure indices */VARx(int, pollidxmax)#endif#if EV_USE_EPOLL || EV_GENWRAPVARx(struct epoll_event *, epoll_events)VARx(int, epoll_eventmax)VARx(int *, epoll_eperms)VARx(int, epoll_epermcnt)VARx(int, epoll_epermmax)#endif#if EV_USE_KQUEUE || EV_GENWRAPVARx(pid_t, kqueue_fd_pid)VARx(struct kevent *, kqueue_changes)VARx(int, kqueue_changemax)VARx(int, kqueue_changecnt)VARx(struct kevent *, kqueue_events)VARx(int, kqueue_eventmax)#endif#if EV_USE_PORT || EV_GENWRAPVARx(struct port_event *, port_events)VARx(int, port_eventmax)#endif#if EV_USE_IOCP || EV_GENWRAPVARx(HANDLE, iocp)#endifVARx(int *, fdchanges)VARx(int, fdchangemax)VARx(int, fdchangecnt)VARx(ANHE *, timers)VARx(int, timermax)VARx(int, timercnt)#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE || EV_GENWRAPVARx(ANHE *, periodics)VARx(int, periodicmax)VARx(int, periodiccnt)#endif#if EV_IDLE_ENABLE || EV_GENWRAPVAR (idles, ev_idle **idles [NUMPRI])VAR (idlemax, int idlemax [NUMPRI])VAR (idlecnt, int idlecnt [NUMPRI])#endifVARx(int, idleall) /* total number */VARx(struct ev_prepare **, prepares)VARx(int, preparemax)VARx(int, preparecnt)VARx(struct ev_check **, checks)VARx(int, checkmax)VARx(int, checkcnt)#if EV_FORK_ENABLE || EV_GENWRAPVARx(struct ev_fork **, forks)VARx(int, forkmax)VARx(int, forkcnt)#endif#if EV_CLEANUP_ENABLE || EV_GENWRAPVARx(struct ev_cleanup **, cleanups)VARx(int, cleanupmax)VARx(int, cleanupcnt)#endif#if EV_ASYNC_ENABLE || EV_GENWRAPVARx(EV_ATOMIC_T, async_pending)VARx(struct ev_async **, asyncs)VARx(int, asyncmax)VARx(int, asynccnt)#endif#if EV_USE_INOTIFY || EV_GENWRAPVARx(int, fs_fd)VARx(ev_io, fs_w)VARx(char, fs_2625) /* whether we are running in linux 2.6.25 or newer */VAR (fs_hash, ANFS fs_hash [EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE])#endifVARx(EV_ATOMIC_T, sig_pending)#if EV_USE_SIGNALFD || EV_GENWRAPVARx(int, sigfd)VARx(ev_io, sigfd_w)VARx(sigset_t, sigfd_set)#endifVARx(unsigned int, origflags) /* original loop flags */#if EV_FEATURE_API || EV_GENWRAPVARx(unsigned int, loop_count) /* total number of loop iterations/blocks */VARx(unsigned int, loop_depth) /* #ev_run enters - #ev_run leaves */VARx(void *, userdata)/* C++ doesn‘t support the ev_loop_callback typedef here. stinks. */VAR (release_cb, void (*release_cb)(EV_P) EV_THROW)VAR (acquire_cb, void (*acquire_cb)(EV_P) EV_THROW)VAR (invoke_cb , ev_loop_callback invoke_cb)#endif#undef VARx

#define acquire_cb ((loop)->acquire_cb)#define activecnt ((loop)->activecnt)#define anfdmax ((loop)->anfdmax)#define anfds ((loop)->anfds)#define async_pending ((loop)->async_pending)#define asynccnt ((loop)->asynccnt)#define asyncmax ((loop)->asyncmax)#define asyncs ((loop)->asyncs)#define backend ((loop)->backend)#define backend_fd ((loop)->backend_fd)#define backend_mintime ((loop)->backend_mintime)#define backend_modify ((loop)->backend_modify)#define backend_poll ((loop)->backend_poll)#define checkcnt ((loop)->checkcnt)#define checkmax ((loop)->checkmax)#define checks ((loop)->checks)#define cleanupcnt ((loop)->cleanupcnt)#define cleanupmax ((loop)->cleanupmax)#define cleanups ((loop)->cleanups)#define curpid ((loop)->curpid)#define epoll_epermcnt ((loop)->epoll_epermcnt)#define epoll_epermmax ((loop)->epoll_epermmax)#define epoll_eperms ((loop)->epoll_eperms)#define epoll_eventmax ((loop)->epoll_eventmax)#define epoll_events ((loop)->epoll_events)#define evpipe ((loop)->evpipe)#define fdchangecnt ((loop)->fdchangecnt)#define fdchangemax ((loop)->fdchangemax)#define fdchanges ((loop)->fdchanges)#define forkcnt ((loop)->forkcnt)#define forkmax ((loop)->forkmax)#define forks ((loop)->forks)#define fs_2625 ((loop)->fs_2625)#define fs_fd ((loop)->fs_fd)#define fs_hash ((loop)->fs_hash)#define fs_w ((loop)->fs_w)#define idleall ((loop)->idleall)#define idlecnt ((loop)->idlecnt)#define idlemax ((loop)->idlemax)#define idles ((loop)->idles)#define invoke_cb ((loop)->invoke_cb)#define io_blocktime ((loop)->io_blocktime)#define iocp ((loop)->iocp)#define kqueue_changecnt ((loop)->kqueue_changecnt)#define kqueue_changemax ((loop)->kqueue_changemax)#define kqueue_changes ((loop)->kqueue_changes)#define kqueue_eventmax ((loop)->kqueue_eventmax)#define kqueue_events ((loop)->kqueue_events)#define kqueue_fd_pid ((loop)->kqueue_fd_pid)#define loop_count ((loop)->loop_count)#define loop_depth ((loop)->loop_depth)#define loop_done ((loop)->loop_done)#define mn_now ((loop)->mn_now)#define now_floor ((loop)->now_floor)#define origflags ((loop)->origflags)#define pending_w ((loop)->pending_w)#define pendingcnt ((loop)->pendingcnt)#define pendingmax ((loop)->pendingmax)#define pendingpri ((loop)->pendingpri)#define pendings ((loop)->pendings)#define periodiccnt ((loop)->periodiccnt)#define periodicmax ((loop)->periodicmax)#define periodics ((loop)->periodics)#define pipe_w ((loop)->pipe_w)#define pipe_write_skipped ((loop)->pipe_write_skipped)#define pipe_write_wanted ((loop)->pipe_write_wanted)#define pollcnt ((loop)->pollcnt)#define pollidxmax ((loop)->pollidxmax)#define pollidxs ((loop)->pollidxs)#define pollmax ((loop)->pollmax)#define polls ((loop)->polls)#define port_eventmax ((loop)->port_eventmax)#define port_events ((loop)->port_events)#define postfork ((loop)->postfork)#define preparecnt ((loop)->preparecnt)#define preparemax ((loop)->preparemax)#define prepares ((loop)->prepares)#define release_cb ((loop)->release_cb)#define rfeedcnt ((loop)->rfeedcnt)#define rfeedmax ((loop)->rfeedmax)#define rfeeds ((loop)->rfeeds)#define rtmn_diff ((loop)->rtmn_diff)#define sig_pending ((loop)->sig_pending)#define sigfd ((loop)->sigfd)#define sigfd_set ((loop)->sigfd_set)#define sigfd_w ((loop)->sigfd_w)#define timeout_blocktime ((loop)->timeout_blocktime)#define timercnt ((loop)->timercnt)#define timermax ((loop)->timermax)#define timers ((loop)->timers)#define userdata ((loop)->userdata)#define vec_eo ((loop)->vec_eo)#define vec_max ((loop)->vec_max)#define vec_ri ((loop)->vec_ri)#define vec_ro ((loop)->vec_ro)#define vec_wi ((loop)->vec_wi)#define vec_wo ((loop)->vec_wo)

libev 中 ev_loop 结构体中的成员变量