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SQL Server 收集数据库死锁信息

背景

我们在数据库出现阻塞及时邮件预警提醒中监控了数据库的阻塞情况,为了更好的维护数据库,特别是提升终端客户用户体验,我们要尽量避免在数据库中出现死锁的情况。我们知道收集死锁可以开启跟踪标志如1204,然后在日志中查看死锁相关信息,或者使用Profiler去跟踪死锁,我们希望所有的死锁信息收集到某表供我们后期优化分析使用,我们可以使用相对比较轻量的自带扩展事件(system_health)来完成这个需求。

测试环境

Microsoft SQL Server 2012 - 11.0.2100.60 (X64) 
Feb 10 2012 19:39:15 
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
Enterprise Edition (64-bit) on Windows NT 6.2 <X64> (Build 9200: )

实现过程

a.新建存放死锁的表

IF DB_ID(‘azure_monitor‘) IS NULL 
BEGIN 
CREATE DATABASE azure_monitor ;
END 
GO 

ALTER DATABASE azure_monitor SET RECOVERY SIMPLE;
GO 

USE [azure_monitor];    --存放死锁信息的库名
GO

IF OBJECT_ID(‘monitor_deadlock‘, ‘U‘) IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE dbo.monitor_deadlock;
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[monitor_deadlock]
    ( 
      [ServerName] [VARCHAR](50),
      [DataBaseName] [NVARCHAR](100) NULL ,
      [DeadlockID] [BIGINT] NULL ,
      [TransactionTime] [DATETIME] NULL ,
      [DeadlockGraph] [XML] NULL ,
      [DeadlockObjects] [NVARCHAR](MAX) NULL ,
      [Victim] [INT] NOT NULL ,
      [SPID] [INT] NULL ,
      [ProcedureName] [VARCHAR](200) NULL ,
      [LockMode] [CHAR](1) NULL ,
      [Code] [VARCHAR](1000) NULL ,
      [ClientApp] [NVARCHAR](245) NULL ,
      [HostName] [VARCHAR](20) NULL ,
      [LoginName] [VARCHAR](20) NULL ,
      [InputBuffer] [VARCHAR](1000) NULL ,
      [Capture_date] [DATETIME] NOT NULL ,
      [capture_day] AS ( CONVERT([VARCHAR](12), [Capture_date], ( 112 )) ) ,
      [comfirm_user] [NVARCHAR](50) NULL ,
      [comfirm_flag] [INT] NOT NULL
    )
ON  [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY];
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[monitor_deadlock] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF__monitor_d__Captu__2CF2ADDF]  DEFAULT (GETDATE()) FOR [Capture_date];
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[monitor_deadlock] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF__monitor_d__comfi__2DE6D218]  DEFAULT ((1)) FOR [comfirm_flag];
GO

b.新建读取死锁的存储过程

USE [azure_monitor];
    --存放读取死锁信息的存储过程的库名
GO
IF OBJECT_ID(‘monitor_P_deadlock‘, ‘P‘) IS  NULL
    EXEC( ‘CREATE  procedure dbo.monitor_P_deadlock AS  ‘);
GO
/*=============================================
-- Author:    jil.wen
-- Create date: 2017/04/11
-- Description:   监控数据库上死锁情况;
-- demo :   exec dbo.monitor_P_deadlock 
 ============================================= */
ALTER PROCEDURE monitor_P_deadlock
AS
    BEGIN 
      -- DELETE  FROM dbo.monitor_deadlock
      --  WHERE   [capture_day] = CONVERT([VARCHAR](12), GETDATE(), ( 112 ))
      --          AND comfirm_flag = 1;
        DECLARE @SessionName sysname;
        DECLARE @Servername VARCHAR(50);
        SELECT  @Servername = @@SERVERNAME;
        SELECT  @SessionName = ‘system_health‘;
/*
SELECT  Session_Name = s.name, s.blocked_event_fire_time, s.dropped_buffer_count, s.dropped_event_count, s.pending_buffers
FROM sys.dm_xe_session_targets t
            INNER JOIN sys.dm_xe_sessions s ON s.address = t.event_session_address
WHERE target_name = ‘event_file‘
--*/
        IF OBJECT_ID(‘tempdb..#Events‘) IS NOT NULL
            BEGIN
                DROP TABLE #Events;
            END;
        DECLARE @Target_File NVARCHAR(1000) ,
            @Target_Dir NVARCHAR(1000) ,
            @Target_File_WildCard NVARCHAR(1000);
        SELECT  @Target_File = CAST(t.target_data AS XML).value(‘EventFileTarget[1]/File[1]/@name‘,
                                                              ‘NVARCHAR(256)‘)
        FROM    sys.dm_xe_session_targets t
                INNER JOIN sys.dm_xe_sessions s ON s.address = t.event_session_address
        WHERE   s.name = @SessionName
                AND t.target_name = ‘event_file‘;
        SELECT  @Target_Dir = LEFT(@Target_File,
                                   LEN(@Target_File) - CHARINDEX(‘\‘,
                                                              REVERSE(@Target_File)));
        SELECT  @Target_File_WildCard = @Target_Dir + ‘\‘ + @SessionName
                + ‘_*.xel‘;
--Keep this as a separate table because it‘s called twice in the next query.  You don‘t want this running twice.
        SELECT  DeadlockGraph = CAST(event_data AS XML) ,
                DeadlockID = ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY file_name, file_offset )
        INTO    #Events
        FROM    sys.fn_xe_file_target_read_file(@Target_File_WildCard, NULL,
                                                NULL, NULL) AS F
        WHERE   event_data LIKE ‘<event name="xml_deadlock_report%‘;
        WITH    Victims
                  AS ( SELECT   VictimID = Deadlock.Victims.value(‘@id‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(50)‘) ,
                                e.DeadlockID
                       FROM     #Events e
                                CROSS APPLY e.DeadlockGraph.nodes(‘/event/data/value/deadlock/victim-list/victimProcess‘)
                                AS Deadlock ( Victims )
                     ),
                DeadlockObjects
                  AS ( SELECT DISTINCT
                                e.DeadlockID ,
                                ObjectName = Deadlock.Resources.value(‘@objectname‘,
                                                              ‘nvarchar(256)‘)
                       FROM     #Events e
                                CROSS APPLY e.DeadlockGraph.nodes(‘/event/data/value/deadlock/resource-list/*‘)
                                AS Deadlock ( Resources )
                     )
            INSERT  INTO monitor_deadlock
                    ( ServerName ,
                      DataBaseName ,
                      DeadlockID ,
                      TransactionTime ,
                      DeadlockGraph ,
                      DeadlockObjects ,
                      Victim ,
                      SPID ,
                      ProcedureName ,
                      LockMode ,
                      Code ,
                      ClientApp ,
                      HostName ,
                      LoginName ,
                      InputBuffer
                    )
                    SELECT  @Servername AS ServerName ,
                            DatabaseName ,
                            DeadlockID ,
                            TransactionTime ,
                            DeadlockGraph ,
                            DeadlockObjects ,
                            Victim ,
                            SPID ,
                            ProcedureName ,
                            LockMode ,
                            Code ,
                            ClientApp ,
                            HostName ,
                            LoginName ,
                            InputBuffer
                    FROM    ( SELECT    DatabaseName = LEFT(SUBSTRING(( SELECT
                                                              ( ‘, ‘
                                                              + o.ObjectName )
                                                              FROM
                                                              DeadlockObjects o
                                                              WHERE
                                                              o.DeadlockID = e.DeadlockID
                                                              ORDER BY o.ObjectName
                                                              FOR
                                                              XML
                                                              PATH(‘‘)
                                                              ), 3, 4000),
                                                            CHARINDEX(‘.‘,
                                                              SUBSTRING(( SELECT
                                                              ( ‘, ‘
                                                              + o.ObjectName )
                                                              FROM
                                                              DeadlockObjects o
                                                              WHERE
                                                              o.DeadlockID = e.DeadlockID
                                                              ORDER BY o.ObjectName
                                                              FOR
                                                              XML
                                                              PATH(‘‘)
                                                              ), 3, 4000)) - 1) ,
                                        e.DeadlockID ,
                                        TransactionTime = Deadlock.Process.value(‘@lasttranstarted‘,
                                                              ‘datetime‘) ,
                                        DeadlockGraph ,
                                        DeadlockObjects = SUBSTRING(( SELECT
                                                              ( ‘, ‘
                                                              + o.ObjectName )
                                                              FROM
                                                              DeadlockObjects o
                                                              WHERE
                                                              o.DeadlockID = e.DeadlockID
                                                              ORDER BY o.ObjectName
                                                              FOR
                                                              XML
                                                              PATH(‘‘)
                                                              ), 3, 4000) ,
                                        Victim = CASE WHEN v.VictimID IS NOT NULL
                                                      THEN 1
                                                      ELSE 0
                                                 END ,
                                        SPID = Deadlock.Process.value(‘@spid‘,
                                                              ‘int‘) ,
                                        ProcedureName = Deadlock.Process.value(‘executionStack[1]/frame[1]/@procname[1]‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(200)‘) ,
                                        LockMode = Deadlock.Process.value(‘@lockMode‘,
                                                              ‘char(1)‘) ,
                                        Code = Deadlock.Process.value(‘executionStack[1]/frame[1]‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(1000)‘) ,
                                        ClientApp = CASE LEFT(Deadlock.Process.value(‘@clientapp‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(100)‘),
                                                              29)
                                                      WHEN ‘SQLAgent - TSQL JobStep (Job ‘
                                                      THEN ‘SQLAgent Job: ‘
                                                           + ( SELECT
                                                              name
                                                              FROM
                                                              msdb..sysjobs sj
                                                              WHERE
                                                              SUBSTRING(Deadlock.Process.value(‘@clientapp‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(100)‘),
                                                              32, 32) = ( SUBSTRING(sys.fn_varbintohexstr(sj.job_id),
                                                              3, 100) )
                                                             ) + ‘ - ‘
                                                           + SUBSTRING(Deadlock.Process.value(‘@clientapp‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(100)‘),
                                                              67,
                                                              LEN(Deadlock.Process.value(‘@clientapp‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(100)‘))
                                                              - 67)
                                                      ELSE Deadlock.Process.value(‘@clientapp‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(100)‘)
                                                    END ,
                                        HostName = Deadlock.Process.value(‘@hostname‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(20)‘) ,
                                        LoginName = Deadlock.Process.value(‘@loginname‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(20)‘) ,
                                        InputBuffer = Deadlock.Process.value(‘inputbuf[1]‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(1000)‘)
                              FROM      #Events e
                                        CROSS APPLY e.DeadlockGraph.nodes(‘/event/data/value/deadlock/process-list/process‘)
                                        AS Deadlock ( Process )
                                        LEFT JOIN Victims v ON v.DeadlockID = e.DeadlockID
                                                              AND v.VictimID = Deadlock.Process.value(‘@id‘,
                                                              ‘varchar(50)‘)
                            ) X --In a subquery to make filtering easier (use column names, not XML parsing), no other reason
ORDER BY                    DeadlockID DESC;
    END; 

c.在Agent新建job调用上述【monitor_P_deadlock】存储过程

省略,详情可以参考数据库出现阻塞及时邮件预警提醒(下)

d.收集效果如下

技术分享

注意事项

  • 如需使用Agent代理发送预警邮件,就要注意Agent是否正常运行;
  • 是否有调用上述脚本的数据库用户权限;
  • 数据库自带扩展事件system_health是否正常运行;

  

SQL Server 收集数据库死锁信息