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Django admin的一些有用定制

Model实例,myapp/models.py:

from django.db import modelsclass Blog(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)    tagline = models.TextField()     # On Python 3: def __str__(self):    def __unicode__(self):        return self.name class Author(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)    email = models.EmailField()     # On Python 3: def __str__(self):    def __unicode__(self):        return self.name class Entry(models.Model):    blog = models.ForeignKey(Blog)    headline = models.CharField(max_length=255)    body_text = models.TextField()    pub_date = models.DateField()    mod_date = models.DateField()    authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)    n_comments = models.IntegerField()    n_pingbacks = models.IntegerField()    rating = models.IntegerField()     # On Python 3: def __str__(self):    def __unicode__(self):        return self.headline

类级别权限

默认情况下,superuser可以访问admin界面的所有Model,但有时候只想让一些用户只能访问一些特定的Model。

可以定制自己的User对象的has_perm()方法:

class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):    ...    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):        if self.is_superuser:            return True        elif self.can_edit:            if perm==‘myapp.add_entry‘:                return True            else:                return False        else:            return False

 这样superuser具有全部权限。普通user的can_edit属性为True时,就具有了创建Entry实例的权限,其余用户无权限。

也可以定制ModelAdmin的has_add_permission(),has_change_permission(),has_delete_permission()方法:

    def has_add_permission(self, request):        """        Returns True if the given request has permission to add an object.        Can be overridden by the user in subclasses.        """        opts = self.opts        codename = get_permission_codename(‘add‘, opts)        if request.user.can_edit:            return True        else:            return request.user.has_perm("%s.%s" % (opts.app_label, codename))

字段级别的权限

不同权限的可以编辑不同的内容,可以通过get_readonly_fileds()来添加字段只读权限。

class EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):    list_display=(...)    search_fields=(...)    def get_readonly_fields(self,request,obj=None):        if not request.user.is_superuser and not request.user.can_edit:            return [f.name for f in self.model._meta.fields]        return self.readonly_fields

重写Model的save行为

可以直接重写model的save()方法:

from django.db import modelsclass Blog(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)    tagline = models.TextField()    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):        do_something()        super(Blog, self).save(*args, **kwargs) # Call the "real" save() method.        do_something_else()

阻止save():

from django.db import modelsclass Blog(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)    tagline = models.TextField()    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):        if self.name == "Yoko Ono‘s blog":            return # Yoko shall never have her own blog!        else:            super(Blog, self).save(*args, **kwargs) # Call the "real" save() method.

也可以重写ModelAdmin的save_model()方法,根据不同的用户定制不同的save行为:

from django.contrib import adminclass ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):    def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):        obj.user = request.user        obj.save()

其中obj是修改后的对象,当新建一个对象时 change = False, 当修改一个对象时 change = True,可以获得修改前的对象:

from django.contrib import adminclass ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):    def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):        if change:            obj_old = self.model.objects.get(pk=obj.pk)        else:            obj_old = None        obj.user = request.user        obj.save()

不同的用户显示不同的数据行,重写列表页面返回的查询集

ModelAdmin提供了一个钩子程序 —— 它有一个名为queryset() 的方法,该方法可以确定任何列表页面返回的默认查询集。

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):    def get_queryset(self, request):        qs = super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_queryset(request)        if request.user.is_superuser:            return qs        return qs.filter(author=request.user)

定制过滤器list_filter

从django.contrib.admin.SimpleListFilter继承一个子类,提供title和parameter_name属性,并重写 lookups和queryset方法。

from datetime import datefrom django.contrib import adminfrom django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _class DecadeBornListFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):    # Human-readable title which will be displayed in the    # right admin sidebar just above the filter options.    title = _(‘decade born‘)    # Parameter for the filter that will be used in the URL query.    parameter_name = ‘decade‘    def lookups(self, request, model_admin):        """        Returns a list of tuples. The first element in each        tuple is the coded value for the option that will        appear in the URL query. The second element is the        human-readable name for the option that will appear        in the right sidebar.        """        return (            (‘80s‘, _(‘in the eighties‘)),            (‘90s‘, _(‘in the nineties‘)),        )    def queryset(self, request, queryset):        """        Returns the filtered queryset based on the value        provided in the query string and retrievable via        `self.value()`.        """        # Compare the requested value (either ‘80s‘ or ‘90s‘)        # to decide how to filter the queryset.        if self.value() == ‘80s‘:            return queryset.filter(birthday__gte=date(1980, 1, 1),                                    birthday__lte=date(1989, 12, 31))        if self.value() == ‘90s‘:            return queryset.filter(birthday__gte=date(1990, 1, 1),                                    birthday__lte=date(1999, 12, 31))class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):    list_filter = (DecadeBornListFilter,)

parameter_name和title是必须的。look_up方法返回出现在列表页右侧过滤器中的选项和描述。parameter_name为附加在url后面get请求的参数名,self.value()返回该参数对应的值。

根据不同的用户定制:

class AuthDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter):    def lookups(self, request, model_admin):        if request.user.is_superuser:            return super(AuthDecadeBornListFilter,                self).lookups(request, model_admin)    def queryset(self, request, queryset):        if request.user.is_superuser:            return super(AuthDecadeBornListFilter,                self).queryset(request, queryset)

model_admin为ModelAdmin实例:

class AdvancedDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter):    def lookups(self, request, model_admin):        """        Only show the lookups if there actually is        anyone born in the corresponding decades.        """        qs = model_admin.get_queryset(request)        if qs.filter(birthday__gte=date(1980, 1, 1),                      birthday__lte=date(1989, 12, 31)).exists():            yield (‘80s‘, _(‘in the eighties‘))        if qs.filter(birthday__gte=date(1990, 1, 1),                      birthday__lte=date(1999, 12, 31)).exists():            yield (‘90s‘, _(‘in the nineties‘))

定制搜索功能

class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):    list_display = (‘name‘, ‘age‘)    search_fields = (‘name‘,)    def get_search_results(self, request, queryset, search_term):        queryset, use_distinct = super(PersonAdmin, self).get_search_results(request, queryset, search_term)        try:            search_term_as_int = int(search_term)        except ValueError:            pass        else:            queryset |= self.model.objects.filter(age=search_term_as_int)        return queryset, use_distinct

queryset是查询集,search_term是搜索词。

外键字段过滤

在添加对象时显示外键选项时,太多的选项不太友好,这时候需要过滤出符合要求的对象供选择。

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):    def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):        if db_field.name == "car":            kwargs["queryset"] = Car.objects.filter(owner=request.user)        return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)

  

Django admin的一些有用定制