Cygwin介绍：

Cygwin是一个在windows平台上执行的类UNIX模拟环境。它对于学习UNIX/Linux操作环境，或者从UNIX到Windows的应用程序移植，或者进行某些特殊的开发工作，尤其是使用GNU工具集在Windows上进行嵌入式系统开发，很实用。

由于要学习hadoop分布式文件系统，想在window下模拟linux环境进行部署。

所以想到用cygwin工具。

先将几个我在安装过程中遇到的问题：

1.安装时最好明白自己要安装那些服务。依据自己的实际须要而定，我一次安装就由于漏选了openssh，后来重装了。

2.重装能够不用先卸载。直接点击setup.exe,进行安装，

3.那个选择下载网站就选默认的就好了http://mirrons.163.com。

4.安装ssh服务时配置无password是总是出错

错误例如以下：删掉.ssh目录，用password登陆也是不成功。试了好几次，也重装了cygwin64位还是无效，最后安装cygwin32位的才干够。

Administrator@L ~
$  cd ~/.ssh

Administrator@L~/.ssh
$ ssh localhost
Administrator@localhost‘s password:
      2 [main] sshd 3804 D:\SofeWare\cygwin\usr\sbin\sshd.exe: *** fatal error - NtCreateEvent(lock): 0xC0000058
Connection to localhost closed.

Administrator@L ~
$ ssh-host-config

*** Info: Generating missing SSH host keys
ssh-keygen: generating new host keys: RSA1 RSA DSA ECDSA ED25519
*** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file
*** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file

*** Info: StrictModes is set to ‘yes‘ by default.
*** Info: This is the recommended setting, but it requires that the POSIX
*** Info: permissions of the user‘s home directory, the user‘s .ssh
*** Info: directory, and the user‘s ssh key files are tight so that
*** Info: only the user has write permissions.
*** Info: On the other hand, StrictModes don‘t work well with default
*** Info: Windows permissions of a home directory mounted with the
*** Info: ‘noacl‘ option, and they don‘t work at all if the home
*** Info: directory is on a FAT or FAT32 partition.
*** Query: Should StrictModes be used? (yes/no) no

*** Info: Privilege separation is set to ‘sandbox‘ by default since
*** Info: OpenSSH 6.1.  This is unsupported by Cygwin and has to be set
*** Info: to ‘yes‘ or ‘no‘.
*** Info: However, using privilege separation requires a non-privileged account
*** Info: called ‘sshd‘.
*** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep.
*** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) no
*** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file

*** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service?
*** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes
*** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] ntsec
*** Info: On Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and above, the
*** Info: SYSTEM account cannot setuid to other users -- a capability
*** Info: sshd requires.  You need to have or to create a privileged
*** Info: account.  This script will help you do so.

*** Info: It‘s not possible to use the LocalSystem account for services
*** Info: that can change the user id without an explicit password
*** Info: (such as passwordless logins [e.g. public key authentication]
*** Info: via sshd) when having to create the user token from scratch.
*** Info: For more information on this requirement, see
*** Info: https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html#ntsec-nopasswd1

*** Info: If you want to enable that functionality, it‘s required to create
*** Info: a new account with special privileges (unless such an account
*** Info: already exists). This account is then used to run these special
*** Info: servers.

*** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account
*** Info: have Administrator privileges itself.

*** Info: No privileged account could be found.

*** Info: This script plans to use ‘cyg_server‘.
*** Info: ‘cyg_server‘ will only be used by registered services.
*** Query: Do you want to use a different name? (yes/no) no
*** Query: Create new privileged user account ‘LYX\cyg_server‘ (Cygwin name: ‘cyg_server‘)? (yes/no) no
*** ERROR: There was a serious problem creating a privileged user.
*** Query: Do you want to proceed anyway? (yes/no) no

Administrator@L ~
$ ssh-host-config

*** Info: Generating missing SSH host keys
*** Query: Overwrite existing /etc/ssh_config file? (yes/no) yes
*** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file
*** Query: Overwrite existing /etc/sshd_config file? (yes/no) yes
*** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file

*** Info: StrictModes is set to ‘yes‘ by default.
*** Info: This is the recommended setting, but it requires that the POSIX
*** Info: permissions of the user‘s home directory, the user‘s .ssh
*** Info: directory, and the user‘s ssh key files are tight so that
*** Info: only the user has write permissions.
*** Info: On the other hand, StrictModes don‘t work well with default
*** Info: Windows permissions of a home directory mounted with the
*** Info: ‘noacl‘ option, and they don‘t work at all if the home
*** Info: directory is on a FAT or FAT32 partition.
*** Query: Should StrictModes be used? (yes/no) yes

*** Info: Privilege separation is set to ‘sandbox‘ by default since
*** Info: OpenSSH 6.1.  This is unsupported by Cygwin and has to be set
*** Info: to ‘yes‘ or ‘no‘.
*** Info: However, using privilege separation requires a non-privileged account
*** Info: called ‘sshd‘.
*** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep.
*** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) no
*** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file

*** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service?
*** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes
*** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] netsec
*** Info: On Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and above, the
*** Info: SYSTEM account cannot setuid to other users -- a capability
*** Info: sshd requires.  You need to have or to create a privileged
*** Info: account.  This script will help you do so.

*** Info: It‘s not possible to use the LocalSystem account for services
*** Info: that can change the user id without an explicit password
*** Info: (such as passwordless logins [e.g. public key authentication]
*** Info: via sshd) when having to create the user token from scratch.
*** Info: For more information on this requirement, see
*** Info: https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html#ntsec-nopasswd1

*** Info: If you want to enable that functionality, it‘s required to create
*** Info: a new account with special privileges (unless such an account
*** Info: already exists). This account is then used to run these special
*** Info: servers.

*** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account
*** Info: have Administrator privileges itself.

*** Info: No privileged account could be found.

*** Info: This script plans to use ‘cyg_server‘.
*** Info: ‘cyg_server‘ will only be used by registered services.
*** Query: Do you want to use a different name?
 (yes/no) yes
*** Query: Enter the new user name: l
*** Query: Reenter: l

*** Query: Create new privileged user account ‘LYX\lyx‘ (Cygwin name: ‘l‘)?
 (yes/no) yes
*** Info: Please enter a password for new user lyx.  Please be sure
*** Info: that this password matches the password rules given on your system.
*** Info: Entering no password will exit the configuration.
*** Query: Please enter the password:
*** Query: Reenter:

*** Warning: Creating the user ‘l‘ failed!  Reason:
??????????????????????

????? NET HELPMSG 2253 ?????????????


*** ERROR: There was a serious problem creating a privileged user.
*** Query: Do you want to proceed anyway? (yes/no) yes
*** Warning: Expected privileged user ‘lyx‘ does not exist.
*** Warning: Defaulting to ‘SYSTEM‘

*** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the LocalSystem
*** Info: account (also known as SYSTEM). To start the service now, call
*** Info: `net start sshd‘ or `cygrunsrv -S sshd‘.  Otherwise, it
*** Info: will start automatically after the next reboot.

*** Warning: Host configuration exited with 1 errors or warnings!
*** Warning: Make sure that all problems reported are fixed,
*** Warning: then re-run ssh-host-config.

Administrator@LYX ~
$ ssh localhost
The authenticity of host ‘localhost (::1)‘ can‘t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:5/i9vvXBBfiqhzLrekd9uqPPhKz7NC+9zNwcWLn+qhk.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘localhost‘ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Administrator@localhost‘s password:

Administrator@LYX ~
$ who
Administrator pty1         2015-07-24 09:39 (::1)

安装教材：

网上安装教材非常多。我就不赘述了。

在windows系统中通过cygwin安装hadoop：http://my.oschina.net/u/570654/blog/112757