1. c++ 大数据整数处理 自己C++库更新版

#ifndef _BIG_DATA_STRING_H
#define _BIG_DATA_STRING_H




#include<iostream>
#include <string>
#include<Windows.h>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;

// FUNCTION: deal big number for int overflow mainly
// 类中函数说明：每个函数名第一个标示符是大写字母，则是对外窗口，否则不是
// extra the class of string
class IntString:public string
{

private:

	// function 17: go larger   
	// input: a int keyword with string , and the int keyword key   
	// output: a double number    
	// 功能: 尝试找到一个区间使得 a^2 <= key <= b^2   
	static string _make_qujian(string key,int weishu); 


	// function 18: binary search   
	// input: two int numbers s and b, and the int keyword key and weishu   
	// output: a double number with string   
	// 功能: 实现sqrt函数，找到 r^2 == key   
	static string _binary_search(string s,string b,string key,int weishu); 


	// function 19: get perfect double   
	// input: two strings with data and key ,weishu    
	// output: a string with result(data < result < data+1) ,and result^2 <= key   
	// 功能: 实现整数开方精确到小数部分   
	static string _get_perfect(string data,string key,int weishu);  

	// function 19: get more number   
	// input: two string data and key ,(bigger)   
	// output: a pair with <bool,string>,if(true) perfect string,or bad string   
	// 功能: 进一步精确小数的位数   
	static std::pair<bool,string> _get_more_number(string data,string key);



public:

	// 约化分子分母
	static std::pair<string,string> YuehuaFenshu(string a,string b);

	// 求出两个数的最大公约数
	static string MaxYueshu(string a,string b);

	// 功能: 实现参数两个整数的相加操作，结果存在返回的字符串里
	static string ADD_Int(string a,string b);

	// 功能: 实现参数两个整数的相减操作，结果存在返回的字符串里
	static string SUB_Int(string a,string b);

	// 功能: 实现参数两个整数的相乘操作，结果存在返回的字符串里
	static string MULT_Int(string a,string b);

	// 功能: 实现参数两个整数的相除操作，结果存在返回的字符串里
	static string DIV_Int(string a,string b);

	// 功能: 实现参数两个整数的a^b操作，结果存在返回的字符串里
	static string Pow_Int(string a,string b);

	// 功能: 将整数a转换成对应的字符串格式
	static string Int_To_String(int x);

	// 对于正整数相除
	static string Division(string a,string b);

	// 对于正整数相减
	static string SubInt(string a,string b);

	// 对于正整数相加
	static string AddInt(string a,string b);

	// 把一个字符（0-9）转成对应的整数
	static int CharToNumber(char c);

	// 把一个一位整数（0-9）转成对应的字符串
	static string IntToChar(int i);

	// 检查字符串里的数据是否是一个整数（可以是负数） 
	static bool Check_all_number(string a);

	// 功能: 实现参数两个整数的a和b比较操作，结果< ， = ， >存在返回的字符里
	static char Compare(string a,string b);

	// 把一个整数字符串规整化
	static bool Standardization(string &a);

	// 功能: 将存在字符串里的整数取出来，放在整形容器里，然后返回，根据返回的结果可以判定是否转换成功
	static std::pair<bool,int> String_into_intNumber(string &a);

	// 功能: 实现 sqrt 函数 开方函数 ，weishu 为小数长度 
	static string Sqrt_data( string data ,int weishu);  

	// 功能: 求出a%b（a>0 && b>0）
	static string Qiuyu(string a,string b);

	// 功能: 实现取反操作，相反数
	static string Qiu_fanshu(string a);

	// 功能 : 把一个十进制数转换成二进制数,bool值为二进制数的符号位
	static std::pair<bool,string> Data_to_Binary_system(string data);

	// 功能：计算一个整数有多少位数
	static int IntData_length(int N);

	// 功能：一个数组,整数的每一位，还有和放在数组的最后面 和它的长度
	static std::pair<int*,int> IntToArray(int a);


};



// mode the add of int
string IntString::ADD_Int(string a,string b)
{
	// exception of input
	if( a.empty() )
		return b;
	else if( b.empty() )
		return "0";
	if(!Check_all_number(a) || !Check_all_number(b))
	{
		return "exception of input ADD_Int";
	}
	Standardization(a);
	Standardization(b);	

	if(a[0] != '-' && b[0] != '-')
		return AddInt(a,b);
	else if(a[0] != '-'&& b[0] == '-')		
		return SubInt( a,b.substr( 1,b.size() ) );
	else if(a[0] == '-'&& b[0] != '-')
		return SubInt(b,a.substr(1,a.size()));
	else return '-'+AddInt(a.substr(1,a.size()),b.substr( 1,b.size() ));
};







// make a-b mode int a - b;
string IntString::SUB_Int(string a,string b)
{
	// exception of input
	if( a.empty() )
		return b;
	else if( b.empty() )
		return "0";
	if(!Check_all_number(a) || !Check_all_number(b))
	{
		return "exception of input Multiplies_Int";
	}
	Standardization(a);
	Standardization(b);	
	if(a[0] != '-' && b[0] != '-')
		return SubInt(a,b);
	else if(a[0] != '-' && b[0] == '-')
		return AddInt(a,b.substr(1,b.size()));
	else if(a[0] == '-' && b[0] != '-')
		return "-"+AddInt(a.substr(1,a.size()),b);
	else return SubInt( b.substr(1,b.size()) , a.substr(1,a.size()) );
};






// make a*b mode int a * b;
string IntString::MULT_Int(string a,string b)
{
	// exception of input
	if( a.empty() )
		return b;
	else if( b.empty() )
		return "0";
	if(!Check_all_number(a) || !Check_all_number(b))
	{
		return "exception of input Multiplies_Int";
	}
	Standardization(a);
	Standardization(b);	
	string::size_type i = a.size(),j = b.size();
	string c = "0",d = "";
	bool fushu = (a[0] == '-' && b[0] != '-')||(a[0] != '-' && b[0] == '-');
	if(a[0] == '-')	
		a = a.substr(1,a.size());		
	if(b[0] == '-')	
		b = b.substr(1,b.size());

	int jinwei = 0;
	for( j = b.size()-1 ; j < b.size() ;j--)
	{
		// each number of b to * a 
		jinwei = 0;
		for( i = a.size()-1 ; i < a.size() ;i-- )
		{
			d = IntToChar(   ( CharToNumber(a[i]) * CharToNumber(b[j]) + jinwei ) % 10 )+ d ;
			jinwei = ( CharToNumber(a[i]) * CharToNumber(b[j]) + jinwei ) / 10 ;
		}
		if(jinwei)
			d = IntToChar(jinwei) +d;
		// add all number result
		c = ADD_Int(c,d);
		d = "";
		unsigned int zero = 0 ;
		while( zero < b.size() - j )
		{
			d = d + '0';
			zero ++;
		}

	}

	Standardization(c);
	if( fushu && c != "0" )
		return '-'+c;
	else return c;
};




// mode the division a/b
string IntString::DIV_Int(string a,string b)
{
	// exception of input
	if( a.empty() )
		return "0";
	else if( b.empty() )
		return "e";
	if(!Check_all_number(a) || !Check_all_number(b))
	{
		return "exception of input DIV_Int input a = "+a+" ,b= "+b;
	}
	Standardization(a);
	Standardization(b);	
	if(b == "0")
		return "e";
	bool fushu =  (a[0] == '-' && b[0] != '-')||(a[0] != '-' && b[0] == '-');
	if( a[0] == '-' )	
		a = a.substr(1,a.size());		
	if( b[0] == '-' )	
		b = b.substr(1,b.size());
	if( Compare(a,b) == '<' )
		return "0";


	string yushu = "";

	string beichushu = a.substr(0,b.size());	
	string shang = Division( beichushu , b);
	yushu =  SubInt( beichushu ,MULT_Int( shang, b) );
	string c = shang;

	for(string::size_type i = b.size(); i<a.size(); i++)
	{	
		beichushu =   yushu+ a[i]     ;
		shang = Division( beichushu , b);
		c = c + shang;			
		yushu =  SubInt( beichushu ,MULT_Int( shang, b) );
	}
	Standardization(c);
	return fushu?('-'+c):c;
};





// function: pow number x,y
string IntString::Pow_Int(string a,string b)
{
	// exception of input
	if( a.empty() )
		return "0";
	else if( b.empty() )
		return "e";
	if(!Check_all_number(a) || !Check_all_number(b))
	{
		return "exception of input DIV_Int";
	}
	Standardization(a);
	Standardization(b);	
	string result = "1" ;
	if(Compare(b,"0") != '<')
		for(string i ="0" ;Compare(i,b) == '<' ;i = AddInt(i,"1"))
		{
			result = MULT_Int(result,a);
		}
	else 
		for(string i ="0" ;Compare(i,b) == '>' ;i = SUB_Int(i,"1"))
		{
			result = DIV_Int(result,a);
		}
		return result ;
};






// function : int To string 
string IntString::Int_To_String(int x)
{
	bool fushu = false;
	string result="";
	if(x < 0 )
	{
		fushu = true ;
		x = -x;
	}
	else if( x == 0 )
		return "0";
	while(x)
	{
		result = IntToChar(x % 10) + result;
		x = x/10;
	}
	if(fushu)
		result = "-"+result;
	return result;
};





// static char division a/b
string IntString::Division(string a,string b)
{
	// exception of input
	if( a.empty() )
		return "0";
	else if( b.empty() )
		return "e";
	if(!Check_all_number(a) || !Check_all_number(b))
	{
		cout<<"exception of input Division"<<endl;
		return "e";
	}
	Standardization(a);
	Standardization(b);	
	int i = 0;
	while( i<=9 )
	{
		// if a - b*i < b
		if(  Compare(   SUB_Int(   a  ,   MULT_Int(IntToChar(i),b)    ) , b ) == '<'    )
			break;
		i++;
	}
	if( i>9 )
		return "e";
	return ""+IntToChar(i);
};






// make a-b mode int a - b;
string IntString::SubInt(string a,string b)
{
	// exception of input
	if(!Check_all_number(a) || !Check_all_number(b))
		return "exception of input MinusInt";
	Standardization(a);
	Standardization(b);
	// particular string of input
	if(a.empty())
	{
		if(b.empty())
			return "0";
		else
			return "-"+b;
	}
	else if(b.empty())
	{
		return a;
	}

	// normal number a < b
	string c = "";
	bool check = true ;
	if(Compare(a,b) == '=')
		return "0";
	else if(Compare(a,b) == '<')
	{
		c = a ;
		a = b ;
		b = c ;
		c = "";
		check = false ;
	}
	// normal number a >= b
	string::size_type i = a.size()-1, j = b.size()-1;
	int jiewei = 0,now;

	while(i < a.size() && j < b.size())
	{
		now = CharToNumber(a[i]) - CharToNumber(b[j]) - jiewei ;

		if( now < 0 )
		{
			jiewei = 1;
			now = 10 + now ;
		}
		else jiewei = 0;
		c = IntToChar(now)  + c ;
		i--;j--;
	}
	while(i < a.size())
	{
		now = CharToNumber(a[i]) - jiewei ;
		if( now < 0 )
		{
			jiewei = 1;
			now = 10 + now ;
		}
		else jiewei = 0;
		c = IntToChar( now )  + c ;
		i--;
	}
	Standardization(c);
	if(!check)
		c = '-' + c;		
	return c; 
};







// mode the add of int
string IntString::AddInt(string a,string b)
{
	// exception of input
	if( a.empty() )
		return b;
	else if( b.empty() )
		return "0";
	if(!Check_all_number(a) || !Check_all_number(b))
	{
		return "exception of input AddInt";
	}
	Standardization(a);
	Standardization(b);
	string::size_type i = a.size()-1 ,j = b.size()-1 , k = 0 ;
	string c = "";
	int jinwei = 0;
	while( i < a.size() && j < b.size() )
	{
		c = IntToChar( ( CharToNumber(a[i]) + CharToNumber(b[j]) + jinwei ) % 10 ) + c;
		jinwei = ( CharToNumber(a[i]) + CharToNumber(b[j]) + jinwei ) / 10;
		j--;i--;
	}
	while( j < b.size()  )
	{
		c =  IntToChar( ( CharToNumber(b[j]) + jinwei ) % 10 ) + c;
		jinwei = ( jinwei + CharToNumber(b[j]) ) / 10;	
		j--;
	}
	while( i < a.size() )
	{
		c =  IntToChar( ( CharToNumber(a[i]) + jinwei ) % 10 ) + c;
		jinwei = ( jinwei + CharToNumber(a[i]) ) / 10;	
		i--;
	}
	if( jinwei )
		c = IntToChar(  jinwei  ) + c;
	Standardization(c);
	return c;
};







// make char to the int number
int IntString::CharToNumber(char c)
{
	if( c >= '0' && c <= '9' )
		return int(c - '0');
	else 
	{
		cout<<c<<" exception of input CharToNumber "<<endl;
		return 0;
	}
};







// make int to the model char
string IntString::IntToChar(int i)
{
	if( i >= 0 && i <= 9 )
	{
		string c = "";
		return c+char(i+48);
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<i<<" exception of input IntToChar"<<endl;
		return "e";
	}
};






// check whether the string is legal 
bool IntString::Check_all_number(string a)
{
	if(a.empty())
		return true ;
	string::size_type L = a.size(),i = 0;
	if(a[0] == '-')
		i++;
	while( i < L )
	{
		if( a[i] < '0' || a[i] > '9')
			return false;
		i++; 
	}
	return true ;
};







// compare string a and b
char IntString::Compare(string a,string b)
{
	if(a.empty() || b.empty())
	{
		cout<<"error of input compare";
		return 'e';
	}
	else
	{
		if(!Check_all_number(a) || !Check_all_number(b))
		{
			return 'e';
		}
		Standardization(a);
		Standardization(b);
		if(a[0] == '-' && b[0] != '-')
			return '<';
		else if( a[0] != '-' && b[0] == '-')
			return '>';
		bool fushu = (a[0] == '-');

		if(a.size() > b.size() )
			return fushu?'<':'>';
		else if(a.size() == b.size())
		{
			for(string::size_type i = 0;i < a.size(); i++)
			{
				if(a[i] > b[i])
					return fushu?'<':'>';
				if(a[i] < b[i])
					return fushu?'>':'<';
			}
			return '=';
		}			
		return fushu?'>':'<';
	}
};







// make string into standard string number
bool IntString::Standardization(string &a)
{
	if(!Check_all_number(a))
	{
		cout<<a<<" exception of input Standardization"<<endl;
		return false;
	}
	string::size_type i = 0 ;
	bool fushu = false ;
	if( a[0] == '-' )
	{
		fushu = true ;
		i = 1 ;
	}
	while(i < a.size())
	{
		if(a[i] != '0')
			break;
		i++;
	}
	if(i == a.size())
		i--;
	a = a.substr(i,a.size()-i) ;
	if( fushu && a != "0")
		a = '-' + a ;
	return true ;
};







// make string(>0) into standard int number
std::pair<bool,int> IntString::String_into_intNumber(string &a)
{
	if(Standardization(a))
	{
		int max_int = INT_MAX ;
		string max = Int_To_String(max_int);
		bool fushu = false;
		if(a[0] == '-')
		{
			fushu = true ;
			a = a.substr(1,a.length());
		}
		if(Compare(a,max) != '<')
		{
			cout<<"溢出 String_into_intNumber"<<endl;
			return std::make_pair(false,0);
		}
		int result = 0 ;
		for(size_t i =0;i<a.length();i++)
		{
			result = result * 10 + CharToNumber(a[i]);
		}
		if(fushu)
			result = - result;
		return std::make_pair(true,result);
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"exception of function String_into_intNumber input"<<endl;
		return std::make_pair(false,0);
	}
};



// function: get data
// input: a int number data with string
// output: a double number b with string
// 功能: 实现 sqrt 函数
string IntString::Sqrt_data( string data ,int weishu)
{
	if(weishu < 0)
		weishu = 0;
	if(! IntString::Check_all_number(data))
	{
		cout<<"exception of function _sqrt_data input"<<endl;
		return "NULL";
	}
	IntString::Standardization(data);
	char r = IntString::Compare(data,"0");
	if(r == '=')
		return "0";
	else if(r == '<')
	{
		cout<<"exception of function _sqrt_data input"<<endl;
	}
	return _make_qujian(data,weishu);
}

// function: go larger
// input: two int number a and b, and the int keyword key
// output: a double number with string
// 功能: 尝试找到一个区间使得 a^2 <= key <= b^2
string IntString::_make_qujian(string key,int weishu)
{

	if( IntString::Compare(key,"0") == '>' && weishu >=0 )
	{
		string s,b;
		int length = key.length()/2;
		// 偶数
		if(key.length() % 2 == 0)
		{
			s = IntString::Pow_Int("10",IntString::Int_To_String(length-1));
			b = IntString::Pow_Int("10",IntString::Int_To_String(length));
		}
		// 奇数
		else
		{
			s = IntString::Pow_Int("10",IntString::Int_To_String(length));
			b = IntString::Pow_Int("10",IntString::Int_To_String(length+1));
		}
		return _binary_search(s,b,key,weishu);// binary search
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"exception of function _go_larger input"<<endl;
		return "NULL";
	}
}


// function: binary search
// input: two int numbers s and b, and the int keyword key
// output: a double number with string
// 功能: 实现sqrt函数，找到 r^2 == key
string IntString::_binary_search(string s,string b,string key,int weishu)
{
	if( IntString::Compare(s,"1")!= '<' && IntString::Compare(b,s) != '<' && weishu >= 0 )
	{
		// 检查是否是范围临界值
		string s_2 = IntString::MULT_Int(s,s);
		string b_2 = IntString::MULT_Int(b,b);
		if(IntString::Compare(key,s_2) == '=')
			return s;
		if(IntString::Compare(key,b_2) == '=')
			return b;

		// 核心算法：求出中间值
		string zhong ,zhong_2,zhong2_2;
		char r ;
		while(IntString::Compare(s,b) != '>')
		{

			// 求出中间值
			zhong = IntString::DIV_Int(IntString::ADD_Int(s,b) ,"2");

			zhong_2 = IntString::MULT_Int(zhong,zhong);
			r = IntString::Compare(zhong_2,key);

			// 中间的平方大于key值时，这时候最大值减小
			if(r == '>')
				b = IntString::SUB_Int(zhong,"1");

			// 出口是，相等时
			else if( r == '=' )
				return zhong;

			// 中间的平方小于key值时，中间值要变大，要怎么增大呢
			else if(r == '<')
			{
				zhong2_2 = IntString::MULT_Int(IntString::ADD_Int(zhong,"1"),IntString::ADD_Int(zhong,"1"));
				r = IntString::Compare(zhong2_2,key);

				// 中间值过大时，则要取小数部分
				if(r == '>')
					return _get_perfect(zhong,key,weishu);

				// 中间值不够大，最小值变大
				else s = IntString::ADD_Int(zhong,"1");
			}
		}
		return "no result";
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"输入异常 _binary_search input"<<endl;
		return "error";
	}
}

// function: get perfect double
// input: two strings with data and key
// output: a string with result(data < result < data+1) ,and result^2 <= key
// 功能: 实现整数开方精确到小数部分
string IntString::_get_perfect(string data,string key,int weishu)
{
	int i = weishu;
	string d = data;
	string k = key;
	string result;
	std::pair<bool,string> r ;


	while(i > 0)
	{
		r = _get_more_number(d,k);
		if(r.first == true)
			break;
		else 
		{
			d = r.second;
			k += "00";
		}
		i--;
	}
	if(weishu != 0)
		result = data+"."+d.substr(data.length(),d.length()-data.length());
	else result = data;
	return result;
}

// function: get more number
// input: two string data and key ,(bigger)
// output: a pair with <bool,string>,if(true) perfect string,or bad string
// 功能: 进一步精确小数的位数
std::pair<bool,string> IntString::_get_more_number(string data,string key)
{
	char s = '1',e ='9',zhong,guanxi1,guanxi2 ;
	key += "00" ;

	string r1,r2 ;
	r1 = IntString::MULT_Int((data+'9'),(data+'9')) ;
	guanxi1 = IntString::Compare(r1,key) ;
	if(guanxi1 == '<')
		return std::make_pair(false,data+'9');
	else if(guanxi1 == '=')
		return std::make_pair(true,data+'9');
	r1 =  IntString::MULT_Int((data+'1'),(data+'1'));
	guanxi1 = IntString::Compare(r1,key);
	if(guanxi1 == '=')
		return std::make_pair(true,data+'1');
	else if(guanxi1 == '>')
		return std::make_pair(false,data+'0');
	while(s <= e)
	{
		zhong = (s+e)/2;

		r1 = IntString::MULT_Int((data+zhong),(data+zhong));
		guanxi1 = IntString::Compare(r1,key);
		if(guanxi1 == '=')
		{
			return std::make_pair(true,data+zhong);
		}
		else if(guanxi1 == '>')
			e = zhong -1;
		else if(guanxi1 == '<')
		{
			r2 = IntString::MULT_Int((data+char(zhong+1)),(data+char(zhong+1)));
			guanxi2 = IntString::Compare(r2,key); 
			if(guanxi2 == '>')
				return std::make_pair(false,data+zhong);
			else s = zhong+1;
		}
	}
}


// function: 求余操作( 对两个正整数 )
// input: two int number within string
// output: a int number within string
// 功能: 求出a%b
string IntString::Qiuyu(string a,string b)
{
	if(IntString::Compare(a,"0") != '>' || IntString::Compare(b,"0") != '>')
		return "error of function Qiuyu input";
	string shang = IntString::DIV_Int(a,b);
	string chengji = IntString::MULT_Int(shang,b);
	return IntString::SUB_Int(a,chengji);
}


// function: 求反数即对符号去反
// input: a int number within string
// output: a int number within string
// 功能: 实现取反操作
string IntString::Qiu_fanshu(string a)
{
	if(IntString::Check_all_number(a))
	{
		IntString::Standardization(a);
		if(a[0] == '-')
			return a.substr(1,a.length()-1);
		else return ("-"+a) ;
	}
	else 
	{
		cout<<"exception of function Qiu_fanshu input"<<endl;
		return "error";
	}
}

// function: 把一个十进制整数转换成二进制数
// input: a int number within string
// output: a fuhao wei within bool and a binary_system result with string
// 功能 : 把一个十进制整数转换成二进制数
std::pair<bool,string> IntString::Data_to_Binary_system(string data)
{
	if(IntString::Check_all_number(data))
	{
		IntString::Standardization(data);
		string result = "";
		if(IntString::Compare(data,"0") == '=')
			return std::make_pair(false,"0");
		bool fushu = false;
		if(IntString::Compare(data,"0") == '<')
		{
			data = http://www.mamicode.com/IntString::Qiu_fanshu(data);>


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