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PostgreSQL 快速创建空表TIPS

MySQL 有一个和优秀的语法 create table ... like , 可以快速复制一张表,创建其副本。 PostgreSQL 也有类似的语法,而且更加灵活,不过要注意些细节。
先来看看MySQL 语法: create table ... like 
原始表T1,结构如下:
+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| log_time | datetime(6)      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+



快速做一张副本:
mysql> create table t2 like t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)




这时会有一张相同的副本表快速产生:
+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| log_time | datetime(6)      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+




这时注意到,这里用到自增字段作为主键,不过MySQL 这类语法不会沿用原始表的自增位置,还是从头开始。不过这点说起来难免搞笑,因为MySQL没有单独的序列。


mysql> insert into t2 (log_time) select now();
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


mysql> select * from t2;
+----+----------------------------+
| id | log_time                   |
+----+----------------------------+
|  1 | 2014-11-27 13:44:12.000000 |
+----+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)






现在来看下PostgreSQL:
原始表结构如下, 包含了一个序列作为主键。


                                    Table "ytt_sql.t1"
  Column  |            Type             |                    Modifiers                    
----------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 id       | integer                     | not null default nextval(‘t1_id_seq‘::regclass)
 log_time | timestamp without time zone | 
Indexes:
    "t1_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)




用类似的语法create table ... like 来创建副本:
t_girl=# create table t2 (like t1 including all);
CREATE TABLE
Time: 50.035 ms




副本的表结构如下,不过可能发现了一个问题,连同原始表的序列也一起弄过来了,这个太不安全了。
                                    Table "ytt_sql.t2"
  Column  |            Type             |                    Modifiers                    
----------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 id       | integer                     | not null default nextval(‘t1_id_seq‘::regclass)
 log_time | timestamp without time zone | 
Indexes:
    "t2_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)





而此时查看到这个序列的指针已经是120了,那么副本表的记录不是要从120开始?而且副本表的插入或者其他写入操作都会影响原始表!
t_girl=# select currval(‘t1_id_seq‘);          
 currval 
---------
     120
(1 row)


Time: 3.771 ms




所以这时重新创建一个新的序列给副本表专用:
t_girl=# create sequence t2_id_seq;
CREATE SEQUENCE
Time: 12.744 ms



更新这列的默认值。
t_girl=# alter table t2 alter id set default nextval(‘t2_id_seq‘);
ALTER TABLE
Time: 5.002 ms



这时候插入些记录看看:
t_girl=# insert into t2 (log_time) values ....;
INSERT 0 10
Time: 10.331 ms




这时记录从1开始了:
t_girl=# select * from t2;
 id |          log_time          
----+----------------------------
  1 | 2014-03-09 06:49:14.393962
  2 | 2005-12-30 05:49:14.393962
  3 | 2014-05-17 20:49:14.393962
  4 | 2004-06-15 22:49:14.393962
  5 | 2010-06-19 03:49:14.393962
...
 10 | 2009-09-07 23:49:14.393962
(10 rows)


Time: 4.958 ms




不过我这里LIKE了所有选项,也可以不不包括默认值,这样,序列本身就不会复制进来了。


t_girl=# create table t2 (like t1 including all excluding defaults);
CREATE TABLE
Time: 40.292 ms




                 Table "ytt_sql.t2"
  Column  |            Type             | Modifiers 
----------+-----------------------------+-----------
 id       | integer                     | not null
 log_time | timestamp without time zone | 
Indexes:
    "t2_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)



这里也可以不用LIKE 选项,直接用类似CREATE TABLE AS ...语法,如下:
创建没有记录的空表,但是这里只包含了表结构以及字段相关。


t_girl=# create table t2 as table t1 with no data;
SELECT 0
Time: 15.562 ms
或者
t_girl=# create table t2 as select * from t1 where false;
SELECT 0
Time: 14.181 ms




我们手动给添加主键以及默认值。

t_girl=# alter table t2 add constraint pk_t2_id primary key (id), alter id set default nextval(‘t2_id_seq‘);
ALTER TABLE
Time: 41.105 ms



结构跟原来一样了。

                                    Table "ytt_sql.t2"
  Column  |            Type             |                    Modifiers                    
----------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 id       | integer                     | not null default nextval(‘t2_id_seq‘::regclass)
 log_time | timestamp without time zone | 
Indexes:
    "pk_t2_id" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)




PostgreSQL 快速创建空表TIPS