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麦子学院 Django 笔记 01

一.开发环境的搭建:

1.安装python  

2.更新pip版本:

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

3.使用pip安装virtualenv:

pip install virtualenv==15.0.1

4.创建虚拟环境:

创建 :virtualenv django_basic_venv 

5.使用虚拟环境:

 django_basic_venv\Scripts\activate 

命令前面出现(django_basic_venv)表示使用到该虚拟环境。

退出虚拟环境:deactivate

6.在虚拟环境中安装django:

pip install django==1.9.5

6.在虚拟环境中安装pymysql:

pip install pymysql==0.7.2

至此环境搭建完毕 ,用pip freeze命令查看当前环境:

(django_basic_venv) E:\Workspace\django_basic_venv>pip freeze
Django==1.9.5
PyMySQL==0.7.2

二.命令行工具

django-admin.py是Django的一个用于管理任务的命令行工具,manage.py是对django-admin.py的简单包装,每个Django Project里面都会包含一个manage.py

语法:

django-admin.py  <subcommand> [options]

manage.py <subcommand> [options]

subcommand 是子命令;options是可选的

常用子命令:

startproject:创建一个项目

startapp:创建一个app

runserver:运行开发服务器

shell:进入django shell

dbshell:进入django dbshell

check:检查django项目完整性

flush:清空数据库

compilemessages:编译语言文件

makemessages:创建语言文件

makemigrations:生成数据库同步脚本

migrate:同步数据库

showmigrations:查看生成的数据库同步脚本

sqlflush:查看生成清空数据库的脚本

sqlmigrate:查看数据库同步的sql语句

dumpdate:导出数据

loaddate:导入数据

diffsettings:查看你的配置和Django配置的不同之处

...

manage.py特有的一些子命令:

createsuperuser:创建超级管理员

changepassword:修改密码

clearsessions:清除session

...

 

简单演示第一个项目:

 


C:\Users\lcg>e:

E:\>Workspace\django_basic_venv\Scripts\activate        //  进入虚拟环境

(django_basic_venv) E:\>cd Workspace\pycharm           // 切换到项目目录

(django_basic_venv) E:\Workspace\pycharm>django-admin.py startproject hello_django       // 创建项目

(django_basic_venv) E:\Workspace\pycharm>cd hello_django    //  进入项目目录

(django_basic_venv) E:\Workspace\pycharm\hello_django>django-admin.py startapp hello       // 创建app

(django_basic_venv) E:\Workspace\pycharm\hello_django>manage.py runserver     //运行开发服务器
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

You have unapplied migrations; your app may not work properly until they are applied.
Run ‘python manage.py migrate‘ to apply them.
June 26, 2017 - 17:38:32
Django version 1.9.5, using settings ‘hello_django.settings‘
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

浏览器中输入网址: http://127.0.0.1:8000/ 得到下面效果。

技术分享

 

下面按住Ctrl C 终止当前运行的服务器 同步数据库再创建一个admin账号然后启动开发服务器再浏览:http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin


(django_basic_venv) E:\Workspace\pycharm\hello_django>manage.py makemigrations       // 生成数据库同步脚本
No changes detected

(django_basic_venv) E:\Workspace\pycharm\hello_django>manage.py migrate          // 同步数据库
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: auth, sessions, contenttypes, admin
Running migrations:
Rendering model states... DONE
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

(django_basic_venv) E:\Workspace\pycharm\hello_django>manage.py createsuperuser      创建一个admin账号
Username (leave blank to use ‘lcg‘): lcg
Email address: lcgsmile@qq.com
Password:                              // 此处密码不可以太简单 !
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.

(django_basic_venv) E:\Workspace\pycharm\hello_django>manage.py runserver  // 启动开发服务器
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
June 26, 2017 - 17:58:05
Django version 1.9.5, using settings ‘hello_django.settings‘
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

浏览:http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin 输入上面创建好的账号密码

技术分享

 

 Log in :

技术分享

修改admin账号的密码 :

(django_basic_venv) E:\Workspace\pycharm\hello_django>manage.py changepassword lcg
Changing password for user ‘lcg‘
Password:
Password (again):
Password changed successfully for user ‘lcg‘

 

麦子学院 Django 笔记 01