运行Invoke-Sqlcmd命令，使用这个命令需满足如下条件：

1、在运行服务器中安装SQL Server 2008 R2 Management ObjectsI

2、在运行命令 invoke-sqlcmd 前执行如下语句.
 

1  Add-PSSnapin SqlServerCmdletSnapin100
2   Add-PSSnapin SqlServerProviderSnapin100

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参考原文内容：

Since all of the steps I required weren‘t listed in one place, I thought I‘d list them here in case it helps anyone:

1. Install SQL Server 2008 R2 Management Objects using Web PI (I‘m not sure about versions prior to 2008 R2... if you have more info, please let us know in the comments)
2. Install ‘Windows PowerShell Extensions for SQL Server‘ from the Microsoft? SQL Server? 2008 R2 Feature Pack page (it‘s about halfway down the page). Make sure you pick the correct flavor for your instance (32 or 64 bit).
3. Run these two commands before calling invoke-sqlcmd in your script:
   Add-PSSnapin SqlServerCmdletSnapin100
   Add-PSSnapin SqlServerProviderSnapin100

参考文章：<http://www.jasonq.com/blog/2012/3-things-to-do-if-invoke-sqlcmd-is-not-recognized-in-windows-powershell

Powershell运行Invoke-Sqlcmd命令的先决条件