首页 > 代码库 > OS X 和iOS 中的多线程技术(下)

OS X 和iOS 中的多线程技术(下)

OS X 和iOS 中的多线程技术(下)

上篇文章中介绍了 pthread 和 NSThread 两种多线程的方式,本文将继续介绍 GCD 和 NSOperation 这两种方式。。

1.GCD

1.1 什么是GCD

  • GCD 全称 Grand Central Dispatch,可译为“牛逼的中枢调度器”
  • GCD 基于纯 C 语言,内部封装了强大的函数库

1.2 使用 GCD 有什么优势

  • GCD 是苹果公司为多核并行运算提出的解决方案
  • GCD 会自动利用更多的CPU内核 (如 二核 ,四核)
  • GCD 会自动管理线程的生命周期(创建 、 调度 、 销毁线程)
  • 程序员只需要告诉 GCD 想要执行什么任务,不需要编写任何线程管理代码

1.3 GCD 的使用

  • GCD 有两个核心的概念

    • 任务 : 需要执行的操作
    • 队列 : 用来存放任务
  • GCD 的使用步骤

    • 制定任务
    • 将任务放入到队列中,GCD会自动将队列中的任务取出,放到对应的线程中执行,队列中的任务取出遵循 FIFO原则。(FIFO:先进先出,队列原则)
  • GCD 中有两个用来执行任务的常用函数

    • 同步方法执行任务

          dispatch_sync(dispatch_queue_t  _Nonnull queue, ^(void)block)
      
          queue : 队列
          Block : 任务
      
    • 异步方法执行任务

      dispatch_async(dispatch_queue_t  _Nonnull queue, ^(void)block)
      
  • 同步和异步的区别

    • 同步 : 只能在当前的线程中执行任务,不具备开启新线程的能力
    • 异步 : 可以在新的线程中执行任务,具备开启新线程的能力

1.4 队列的类型

GCD 的队列可以分为 2 大类

  • 并发队列 ( Concurrent Dispatch Queue )
    • 可以让多任务并发执行,自动开启多个线程同时执行任务
    • 并发功能只有在异步(dispatch_async)函数下才有效
  • 串行队列 ( Serial Dispatch Queue )
    • 让任务一个接一个地有序执行(一个任务执行完毕后才开始执行下一个)

注意:同步 、 异步、并发、串行的区分

  • 同步异步 主要影响: 能不能开启新的线程
    • 同步 : 只是在当前线程中执行任务 ,不具备开启新线程的能力
    • 异步 : 可以在新的线程中执行任务,具备开启新县城的能力
  • 并发串行 主要影响: 任务的执行方式
    • 并发 : 多个任务并发执行
    • 串行 : 多个任务一次顺序执行

1.5 GCD 的各种队列的组合

  • 异步函数 + 并发队列:可以同时开启多条线程
    // 1.获得全局的并发队列
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
    
    // 2.将任务加入队列
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        for (NSInteger i = 0; i<10; i++) {
            NSLog(@"1-----%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
        }
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        for (NSInteger i = 0; i<10; i++) {
            NSLog(@"2-----%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
        }
    });
  • 同步函数 + 并发队列:不会开启新的线程
    // 1.获得全局的并发队列
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
    
    // 2.将任务加入队列
    dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"1-----%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"2-----%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
  • 异步函数 + 串行队列:会开启新的线程,但是任务是串行的,执行完一个任务,再执行下一个任务
    // 1.创建串行队列
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.coder.queue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
//    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.coder.queue", NULL);
    
    // 2.将任务加入队列
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"1-----%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"2-----%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
  • 异步函数 + 主队列:只在主线程中执行任务
    // 1.创建串行队列
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.coder.queue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    
    // 2.将任务加入队列
    dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"1-----%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"2-----%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
  • 同步函数 + 主队列:
    // 1.获得主队列
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
    
    // 2.将任务加入队列
    dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"1-----%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"2-----%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });

各种队列的执行效果 :

技术分享

注意:
使用 sync 函数往当前串行队列中添加任务,会卡住当前的串行队列

1.6 GCD 个线程之间通信

通常开辟子线程是为了执行耗时操作。如下载图片的等,使用 GCD 进行线程间通信非常方便,示例代码如下:

// 子线程中下载网络图片 dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
        // 图片的网络路径
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://img.pconline.com.cn/images/photoblog/9/9/8/1/9981681/200910/11/1255259355826.jpg"];
        
        // 加载图片
        NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
        
        // 生成图片
        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
        
        // 回到主线程
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            self.imageView.image = image;
        });
    });

1.7 GCD 其他常用函数

  • 1. 阻隔执行任务的函数
dispatch_barrier_sync(dispatch_queue_t  _Nonnull queue, ^(void)block)

// 此函数起一个阻隔任务执行的作用, 它前面的任务执行完之后它才执行,等它执行完后面的任务才能执行
  • 2. 延迟执行
// GCD 延迟执行
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(2.0 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        NSLog(@"run-----");
    });
    
// iOS 中其他方式的延迟执行还有 
[self performSelector:@selector(run) withObject:nil afterDelay:2.0];

和定时器
[NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:2.0 target:self selector:@selector(run) userInfo:nil repeats:NO];

---------------- run  方法 -----------------
- (void)run
{
    NSLog(@"run-----");
}

  • 3. 一次性函数
一次性函数在整个程序运行中只会执行一次

static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
   NSLog(@"------run-----");
   // 内部代码默认是线程安全的
});
  • 4. 快速迭代函数(遍历)
快速迭代行数,实际上在全局队列中遍历子线程执行任务,用于显著提高执行效率。
案例:【文件假拷贝】,【App Store 所有App同时更新】让每个任务都开子线程去并发执行会充分利用CPU,提高效率。

// 本示例代码是将 From 文件夹下的内容拷贝到 TO 文件夹下
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
NSString *from = @"/Users/xiaoyou/Desktop/From";
NSString *to = @"/Users/xiaoyou/Desktop/To";
    
NSFileManager *mgr = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSArray *subpaths = [mgr subpathsAtPath:from];
    
dispatch_apply(subpaths.count, queue, ^(size_t index) {
   NSString *subpath = subpaths[index];
   NSString *fromFullpath = [from stringByAppendingPathComponent:subpath];
   NSString *toFullpath = [to stringByAppendingPathComponent:subpath];
   // 剪切
   [mgr moveItemAtPath:fromFullpath toPath:toFullpath error:nil];
   
   NSLog(@"%@---%@", [NSThread currentThread], subpath);
});
  • 5. GCD 队列组
队列组中的任务执行完,组会受到一个通知,然后执行最终的操作

// 1. 创建全局队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
// 2. 创建一个队列组
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
    
// 任务 1.下载图片1
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
   // 图片的网络路径
   NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://img.pconline.com.cn/images/photoblog/9/9/8/1/9981681/200910/11/1255259355826.jpg"];
   
   // 加载图片
   NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
   
   // 生成图片
   self.image1 = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
});
    
// 任务 2.下载图片2
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
   // 图片的网络路径
   NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://pic38.nipic.com/20140228/5571398_215900721128_2.jpg"];
   
   // 加载图片
   NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
   
   // 生成图片
   self.image2 = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
});
    
// 任务 3.将图片1、图片2合成一张新的图片
dispatch_group_notify(group, queue, ^{
   // 开启新的图形上下文
   UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(100, 100));
   
   // 绘制图片
   [self.image1 drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 50, 100)];
   [self.image2 drawInRect:CGRectMake(50, 0, 50, 100)];
   
   // 取得上下文中的图片
   UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
   
   // 结束上下文
   UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
   
   // 回到主线程显示图片
   dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
       // 4.将新图片显示出来 
       self.imageView.image = image;
   });
});

2. 使用 GCD 实现单例

2.1 单例模式

单例模式是开发过程中长期积累的一种编程习惯。

单例模式作用如下:

  • 可以保证在程序运行过程中,一个类只有一个实例,而且该实例易于供外界访问
  • 方便控制实例的个数,节约系统资源

单例模式使用场合:

  • 在整个应用中,共享一份资源(该资源只需要创建初始化1次,如Application,NSUserDefault 等)

2.2 单例模式的实现(纯代码)

  • 1. 在 .m 中保留一个全局的 static 实例
static id _instance;
  • 2. 重写 allocWithZone: 方法,创建唯一实例
+ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone
{
    // 使用GCD一次性函数,保证线程安全
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        _instance = [self allocWithZone:zone];
    });
    
    return _instance;
}
  • 3. 提供类方法,供外界使用
+ (instancetype)shareInstance{
    // 使用GCD一次性函数,保证线程安全
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        _instance = [[self alloc] init];
    });
    
    return _instance;
}
  • 4. 实现 copyWithZone: 方法
+ (id)copyWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone
{
    return _instance;
}

2.3 单例模式的实现(宏)

从上面的实现中可以看到,单例的实现方式是一样的,我们可以把它抽取成一个宏来实现,这样更加方便使用.

如下是单例的宏实现,只需在对应的单例类中添加两个对应的宏,就可轻松实现单例。

// .h文件
#define XMGSingletonH(name) + (instancetype)shared##name;

// .m文件
#define XMGSingletonM(name) static id _instance;  + (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone {     static dispatch_once_t onceToken;     dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{         _instance = [super allocWithZone:zone];     });     return _instance; }  + (instancetype)shared##name {     static dispatch_once_t onceToken;     dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{         _instance = [[self alloc] init];     });     return _instance; }  - (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {     return _instance; }

思考:为什么不使用继承?

继承:看似可行,实际会有问题,程序中的GCD一次性代码只会执行一次,当第一次有子类 A 调用之后,再有子类 B 调用返回的直接是第一次调用 A 的实例,无法返回正确类型 B 单例

也就是说如果有 static 这样的内部类对象不能用继承。

3. NSOperation

3.1 NSOperation 简介

NSOperation 是 OS X 和 iOS 开发中最后一种多线程实现方式,它是基于 GCD 的 OC 封装,使用更加面向对象。

  • NSOperation 的作用
    • 配合使用NSOperation 和 NSOperationQueue 实现多线程
  • NSOperation 和 NSOperationQueue 实现多线程的具体步骤
    • 先将需要执行的操作封装到一个 NSOperation 对象中
    • 然后将 NSOperation 对象添加到 NSOperationQueue 中
    • 系统会自动将 NSOperationQueue 中的 NSOperation 取出来,并将封装的操作放到一条新线程中执行

3.2 NSOperation 的子类

  • NSOperation是个抽象类,并不具备封装操作的能力,必须使用它的子类

  • 使用NSOperation子类的方式有3种

    • NSInvocationOperation
    • NSBlockOperation
    • 自定义子类继承NSOperation,实现内部相应的方法

NSInvocationOperation

  • 创建NSInvocationOperation对象
- (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)sel object:(id)arg;
  • 调用start方法开始执行操作
- (void)start;

一旦执行操作,就会调用target的sel方法

注意

  • 默认情况下,调用了start方法后并不会开一条新线程去执行操作,而是在当前线程同步执行操作
  • 只有将NSOperation放到一个NSOperationQueue中,才会异步执行操作

NSBlockOperation

  • 创建NSBlockOperation对象
+ (id)blockOperationWithBlock:(void (^)(void))block;
  • 通过addExecutionBlock:方法添加更多的操作
- (void)addExecutionBlock:(void (^)(void))block;

注意:

只要NSBlockOperation封装的操作数 > 1,就会异步执行操作

3.3 NSOperationQueue

  • NSOperationQueue的作用

    • NSOperation可以调用start方法来执行任务,但默认是同步执行的
    • 如果将NSOperation添加到NSOperationQueue(操作队列)中,系统会自动异步执行NSOperation中的操作
  • 添加操作到NSOperationQueue中

- (void)addOperation:(NSOperation *)op;
- (void)addOperationWithBlock:(void (^)(void))block;

3.4 最大并发数

  • 什么是并发数?

    • 同时执行的任务数
    • 比如,同时开3个线程执行3个任务,并发数就是3
  • 最大并发数的相关方法

- (NSInteger)maxConcurrentOperationCount;
- (void)setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:(NSInteger)cnt;

3.5 队列的取消、暂停、恢复

  • 取消队列的所有操作
- (void)cancelAllOperations;

提示:也可以调用NSOperation的- (void)cancel方法取消单个操作

  • 暂停和恢复队列
- (void)setSuspended:(BOOL)b; // YES代表暂停队列,NO代表恢复队列
- (BOOL)isSuspended;

3.6 操作依赖

  • NSOperation之间可以设置依赖来保证执行顺序
    • 比如一定要让操作A执行完后,才能执行操作B,可以这么写
[operationB addDependency:operationA]; // 操作B依赖于操作A
  • 可以在不同queue的NSOperation之间创建依赖关系(如图)

技术分享

注意:
不能相互依赖,比如A依赖B,B依赖A

3.7 操作的监听

可以监听一个操作的执行完毕

- (void (^)(void))completionBlock;
- (void)setCompletionBlock:(void (^)(void))block;

3.8 自定义NSOperation

自定义NSOperation的步骤很简单

  • 重写- (void)main方法,在里面实现想执行的任务
  • 重写- (void)main方法的注意点
    • 自己创建自动释放池(因为如果是异步操作,无法访问主线程的自动释放池)
    • 经常通过- (BOOL)isCancelled方法检测操作是否被取消,对取消做出响应
苹果建议:应该对自定义的 Operation 中的执行完一个耗时操作,应该手动调用一下 isCancelled 方法查看是不是已经取消并做对应的操作

/**
 * 需要执行的任务
 */
- (void)main
{
    for (NSInteger i = 0; i<1000; i++) {
        NSLog(@"download1 -%zd-- %@", i, [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
    if (self.isCancelled) return;
    
    for (NSInteger i = 0; i<1000; i++) {
        NSLog(@"download2 -%zd-- %@", i, [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
    if (self.isCancelled) return;
    
    for (NSInteger i = 0; i<1000; i++) {
        NSLog(@"download3 -%zd-- %@", i, [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
    if (self.isCancelled) return;
}

3.9 NSOperation 线程间通信

此处依旧以下载并合成一张图片为例,只需开启两个子线程分别下载image,第三个线程为合并操作, 然后添加线程依赖。并放到队列中

NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];

__block UIImage *image1 = nil;
// 下载图片1
NSBlockOperation *download1 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
   
   // 图片的网络路径
   NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://img.pconline.com.cn/images/photoblog/9/9/8/1/9981681/200910/11/1255259355826.jpg"];
   
   // 加载图片
   NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
   
   // 生成图片
   image1 = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
}];
    
__block UIImage *image2 = nil;
// 下载图片2
NSBlockOperation *download2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
   
   // 图片的网络路径
   NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://pic38.nipic.com/20140228/5571398_215900721128_2.jpg"];

   
   // 加载图片
   NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
   
   // 生成图片
   image2 = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
}];
    
// 合成图片
NSBlockOperation *combine = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
   // 开启新的图形上下文
   UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(100, 100));
   
   // 绘制图片
   [image1 drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 50, 100)];
   image1 = nil;
   
   [image2 drawInRect:CGRectMake(50, 0, 50, 100)];
   image2 = nil;
   
   // 取得上下文中的图片
   UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
   
   // 结束上下文
   UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
   
   // 回到主线程
   [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
       self.imageView.image = image;
   }];
}];
[combine addDependency:download1];
[combine addDependency:download2];
    
[queue addOperation:download1];
[queue addOperation:download2];
[queue addOperation:combine];

简单的,只有下载图片然后放到主线程展示的线程通信如下:

[[[NSOperationQueue alloc] init] addOperationWithBlock:^{
   // 图片的网络路径
  NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://img.pconline.com.cn/images/photoblog/9/9/8/1/9981681/200910/11/1255259355826.jpg"];
     
   
   // 加载图片
   NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
   
   // 生成图片
   UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
   
   // 回到主线程
   [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
       self.imageView.image = image;
   }];
}];

4 小结

本文主要讲解了 GCD 和 NSOperation 两种多线程的创建和使用方式。加上上篇文章 共有 pthread 、 NSThread 、 GCD 和 NSOperation 四种多线程方案,实际使用中需要根据项目需求灵活使用。

<style>html,body,div,span,applet,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,code,del,dfn,em,img,ins,kbd,q,s,samp,small,strike,strong,sub,sup,tt,var,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,article,aside,canvas,details,embed,figure,figcaption,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,output,ruby,section,summary,time,mark,audio,video { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; font: inherit; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: baseline } html { line-height: 1 } ol,ul { list-style: none } table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.8em } caption,th,td { text-align: left; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: middle } q,blockquote { quotes: none } q::before,q::after,blockquote::before,blockquote::after { content: none } a img { border: none } article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section,summary { display: block } a { color: #1863a1 } a:visited { color: #751590 } a:focus { color: #0181eb } a:hover { color: #0181eb } a:active { color: #01579f } aside.sidebar a { color: #222 } aside.sidebar a:focus { color: #0181eb } aside.sidebar a:hover { color: #0181eb } aside.sidebar a:active { color: #01579f } a { } body,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,footer { font-family: "PT Sans", "Helvetica Neue", "Optima", "Hiragino Sans GB", sans-serif } body { line-height: 1.5em; color: #222 -webkit-text-size-adjust:none; min-width: 200px; max-width: 760px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 1em } pre,code,tt,p code,li code { font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Andale Mono", "lucida console", "Courier New", monospace } h1 { font-size: 2.2em; line-height: 1.2em } h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { margin-bottom: 1em; font-weight: bold } h2,section h1 { font-size: 1.5em } h3,section h2,section section h1 { font-size: 1.3em } h4,section h3,section section h2,section section section h1 { font-size: 1em } h5,section h4,section section h3 { font-size: .9em } h6,section h5,section section h4,section section section h3 { font-size: .8em } .markdown-body { padding: 0px 4px } .markdown-body h1 { position: relative; padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 1em; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACgAAAABCAYAAACsXeyTAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAFUlEQVQIHWNIS0sr/v//PwMMDzY+ADqMahlW4J91AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") bottom left repeat-x } .markdown-body h1 a { text-decoration: none } .markdown-body h1 a:hover { text-decoration: underline } .markdown-body h2 { padding-top: 0.8em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACgAAAABCAYAAACsXeyTAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAFUlEQVQIHWNIS0sr/v//PwMMDzY+ADqMahlW4J91AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") bottom left repeat-x } .markdown-body h2:first-child,.markdown-body header+h2 { padding-top: 4px } .markdown-body h2:first-child,.markdown-body header+h2 { background: none } p,.markdown-body blockquote,ul,ol { margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-top: 0.8em } ul { list-style-type: disc } ul ul { list-style-type: circle; margin-bottom: 0px } ul ul ul { list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px } ol { list-style-type: decimal } ol ol { list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-bottom: 0px } ol ol ol { list-style-type: lower-roman; margin-bottom: 0px } ul,ul ul,ul ol,ol,ol ul,ol ol { margin-left: 1.3em } ul ul,ul ol,ol ul,ol ol { margin-bottom: 0em } strong { font-weight: bold } em { font-style: italic } sup,sub { font-size: 0.75em; position: relative; display: inline-block; padding: 0 .2em; line-height: .8em } sup { top: -.5em } sub { bottom: -.5em } a[rev="footnote"] { font-size: .75em; padding: 0 .3em; line-height: 1 } q { font-style: italic } q::before { content: "“" } q::after { content: "”" } em,dfn { font-style: italic } strong,dfn { font-weight: bold } del,s { text-decoration: line-through } abbr,acronym { border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help } small { font-size: .8em } big { font-size: 1.2em } .markdown-body hr { height: 0; margin: 15px 0; overflow: hidden; background: transparent; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd } .markdown-body hr::before { display: table; content: "" } .markdown-body hr::after { display: table; clear: both; content: "" } .markdown-body table { display: block; width: 100%; overflow: auto } .markdown-body table th { font-weight: bold } .markdown-body table th,.markdown-body table td { padding: 6px 13px; border: 1px solid #ddd } .markdown-body table tr { background-color: #fff; border-top: 1px solid #ccc } .markdown-body table tr:nth-child(2n) { background-color: #f8f8f8 } .markdown-body blockquote { font-style: italic; position: relative; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; padding-left: 1em; border-left: 4px solid rgba(170,170,170,0.5) } .markdown-body blockquote cite { font-style: italic } .markdown-body blockquote cite a { color: #aaa !important } .markdown-body blockquote cite::before { content: "—"; padding-right: .3em; padding-left: .3em; color: #aaa } .markdown-body a { white-space: pre-wrap } body>header { font-size: 1em; padding-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 1.5em } .markdown-body { overflow: hidden } .markdown-body>div,.markdown-body>article { width: 100% } aside.sidebar { float: none; padding: 0 18px 1px; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-top: 1px solid #e0e0e0 } .flex-content,article img,article video,article .flash-video,aside.sidebar img { max-width: 100%; height: auto } .basic-alignment.left,article img.left,article video.left,article .left.flash-video,aside.sidebar img.left { float: left; margin-right: 1.5em } .basic-alignment.right,article img.right,article video.right,article .right.flash-video,aside.sidebar img.right { float: right; margin-left: 1.5em } .basic-alignment.center,article img.center,article video.center,article .center.flash-video,aside.sidebar img.center { display: block; margin: 0 auto 1.5em } .basic-alignment.left,article img.left,article video.left,article .left.flash-video,aside.sidebar img.left,.basic-alignment.right,article img.right,article video.right,article .right.flash-video,aside.sidebar img.right { margin-bottom: .8em } .toggle-sidebar,.no-sidebar .toggle-sidebar { display: none } .markdown-body img,.markdown-body video,.markdown-body .flash-video { border: #fff 0.5em solid } .markdown-body img,.markdown-body video { max-width: 100% } .markdown-body video,.markdown-body .flash-video { margin: 0 auto 1.5em } .markdown-body video { display: block; width: 100% } .markdown-body .flash-video>div { position: relative; display: block; padding-bottom: 56.25%; padding-top: 1px; height: 0; overflow: hidden } .markdown-body .flash-video>div iframe,.markdown-body .flash-video>div object,.markdown-body .flash-video>div embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100% } .markdown-body>footer { padding-bottom: 2.5em; margin-top: 2em } .markdown-body>footer p.meta { margin-bottom: .8em; font-size: .85em; clear: both; overflow: hidden } body,pre { background: #fdf6e3 url("data:image/png;base64,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") top left } body { background-color: #f8f8f8 } pre { border: 1px solid #e7dec3; line-height: 1.45em; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 2.1em; padding: .8em 1em; color: #586e75; overflow: auto } .markdown-body code { background: none } h3.filename+pre { } p code,li code { display: inline-block; white-space: no-wrap; background: #fff; font-size: .8em; line-height: 1.5em; color: #555; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 0 .3em; margin: -1px 0 } p pre code,li pre code { font-size: 1em !important; background: none; border: none } .hljs { display: block; padding: 0.5em; background: #fdf6e3; color: #657b83 } .hljs-comment,.diff .hljs-header,.hljs-doctype,.hljs-pi,.lisp .hljs-string { color: #93a1a1 } .hljs-keyword,.hljs-winutils,.method,.hljs-addition,.css .hljs-tag,.hljs-request,.hljs-status,.nginx .hljs-title { color: #859900 } .hljs-number,.hljs-command,.hljs-string,.hljs-tag .hljs-value,.hljs-rule .hljs-value,.hljs-doctag,.tex .hljs-formula,.hljs-regexp,.hljs-hexcolor,.hljs-link_url { color: #2aa198 } .hljs-title,.hljs-localvars,.hljs-chunk,.hljs-decorator,.hljs-built_in,.hljs-identifier,.vhdl .hljs-literal,.hljs-id,.css .hljs-function,.hljs-name { color: #268bd2 } .hljs-attribute,.hljs-variable,.lisp .hljs-body,.smalltalk .hljs-number,.hljs-constant,.hljs-class .hljs-title,.hljs-parent,.hljs-type,.hljs-link_reference { color: #b58900 } .hljs-preprocessor,.hljs-preprocessor .hljs-keyword,.hljs-pragma,.hljs-shebang,.hljs-symbol,.hljs-symbol .hljs-string,.diff .hljs-change,.hljs-special,.hljs-attr_selector,.hljs-subst,.hljs-cdata,.css .hljs-pseudo,.hljs-header { color: #cb4b16 } .hljs-deletion,.hljs-important { color: #dc322f } .hljs-link_label { color: #6c71c4 } .tex .hljs-formula { background: #eee8d5 }</style> <style></style>

OS X 和iOS 中的多线程技术(下)