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Apache Commons Digester 二(规则模块绑定-RulesModule、异步解析-asyncParse、xml变量Substitutor、带参构造方法)

前言

上一篇对Digester做了基本介绍,也已经了解了Digester的基本使用方法,接下来将继续学习其相关特性,本篇主要涉及以下几个内容:

  1. 规则模块绑定,通过定义一个RulesModule接口实现类来完成规则的预先绑定,运行时重复使用
  2. 异步解析xml
  3. 解析xml中的变量,如${sys.user}
  4. 使用带参数的构造方法创建对象,参数来自xml节点数据

规则模块预先绑定 - RulesModule接口

在此之前,我们使用Digester的基本流程都是每次在程序运行时绑定规则,然后解析;

事实上,我们可以改变Digester的解析流程,启动的时候预先定义规则集,然后在运行的时候重复使用预先定义的规则;

可能这样说比较空泛,可以看一下如下一个Web应用场景,应该就会有一个比较深刻的理解了;

servlet场景例子

熟悉Web开发的应该都知道servlet了,这里就不细说了,假设有一个EmployeeServlet,如下所示:

由于servlet是单例的,而且Digester不是线程安全的,所以我们会在每次请求的的时候,new出一个Digester对象,来保证线程安全,写法如下:

public class EmployeeServlet  extends HttpServlet{    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)        throws ServletException, IOException    {        Digester digester = new Digester();        digester.setNamespaceAware( true );        digester.setXIncludeAware( true );        digester.addObjectCreate( "employee", Employee.class );        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/firstName", "setFirstName", 0 );        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/lastName", "setLastName", 0 );        digester.addObjectCreate( "employee/address", Address.class );        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/type", "setType", 0 );        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/city", "setCity", 0 );        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/state", "setState", 0 );        digester.addSetNext( "employee/address", "addAddress" );        Employee employee = digester.parse( openStream( req.getParameter( "employeeId" ) ) );        ...}

我们可以很容易发现以上程序的缺点:代码没有复用,每次请求都需重复绑定规则;
不过,我们可以使用RuleSet来解决代码没有复用的问题,如下所示,定义一个EmployeeRuleSet规则集实现RuleSet接口:

public class EmployeeRuleSet  implements RuleSet{    public void addRuleInstances( Digester digester )    {        digester.addObjectCreate( "employee", Employee.class );        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/firstName", "setFirstName", 0 );        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/lastName", "setLastName", 0 );        digester.addObjectCreate( "employee/address", Address.class );        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/type", "setType", 0 );        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/city", "setCity", 0 );        digester.addCallMethod( "employee/address/state", "setState", 0 );        digester.addSetNext( "employee/address", "addAddress" );    }}

然后在servlet中这样使用:

public class EmployeeServlet  extends HttpServlet{    private final RuleSet employeeRuleSet = new EmployeeRuleSet();    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)        throws ServletException, IOException    {        Digester digester = new Digester();        digester.setNamespaceAware( true );        digester.setXIncludeAware( true );        employeeRuleSet.addRuleInstances( digester );        Employee employee = digester.parse( openStream( req.getParameter( "employeeId" ) ) );        ...    }}

很显然这样做是没有错误的(其实,个人觉得还不如直接写一个私有方法,添加规则,哈哈),但是有如下缺点:

  1. RuleSet实际上并不是配置,只是给digester绑定下规则而已;
  2. digester对象与客户端耦合度比较高,直接由客户端创建;
  3. 每次解析调用前,都需要重复绑定规则
  4. 规则绑定的时候,语义性很差,可读性不好;

那么,最佳实践是什么呢,答案是使用RulesModule接口,帮助我们启动时预先绑定规则,然后运行的时候,重复使用预先绑定的规则即可,如下所示:

定义一个RulesModule接口实现类:

class EmployeeModule    extends AbstractRulesModule{    @Override    protected void configure()    {        forPattern( "employee" ).createObject().ofType( Employee.class );        forPattern( "employee/firstName" ).setBeanProperty();        forPattern( "employee/lastName" ).setBeanProperty();        forPattern( "employee/address" ).createObject().ofType( Address.class ).then().setNext( "addAddress");        forPattern( "employee/address/type" ).setBeanProperty();        forPattern( "employee/address/city" ).setBeanProperty();        forPattern( "employee/address/state" ).setBeanProperty();    }}

然后在servlet这样使用:

public class EmployeeServlet    extends HttpServlet{    private final DigesterLoader loader = newLoader( new EmployeeModule() )        .setNamespaceAware( true )        .setXIncludeAware( true );    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)        throws ServletException, IOException    {        Digester digester = loader.newDigester()        Employee employee = digester.parse( openStream( req.getParameter("employeeId") ) );        ...    }}

好处显而易见:

  1. RulesModule规则绑定的API语义化很强,使用简便,可读性高;
  2. 规则绑定的配置移到了启动阶段来完成;
  3. digester对象不是由客户端来创建,而是通过DigesterLoader创建;

FromXmlRulesModule

除了自己编写类实现RulesModule接口外,digester自身提供了一个FromXmlRulesModule类,就已经实现了RulesModule接口,我们可以这样使用

            DigesterLoader loader = DigesterLoader.newLoader( new FromXmlRulesModule()            {                @Override                protected void loadRules()                {                    loadXMLRules( DigesterLoaderMain.class.getResource( "myrule.xml" ) );                }            } );
       ...
      Digester digester = loader.newDigester(); // myrule.xml already parsed
      ...
      Digester newDigester = loader.newDigester(); // myrule.xml won‘t be parsed again!

完整例子

假设有一个xml如下,待解析

<employee>    <firstName>Pi</firstName>    <lastName>Chen</lastName>    <address>        <type>CITY</type>        <city>HangZhou</city>        <state>2</state>    </address></employee>

开始编码,首先,定义一个RulesModule接口实现类:

package apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.module;import org.apache.commons.digester3.binder.AbstractRulesModule;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Address;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Employee;/** *  *  * @author    http://www.cnblogs.com/chenpi/ * @version   2017年6月5日 */public class EmployeeModule extends AbstractRulesModule {    @Override    protected void configure() {        forPattern("employee").createObject().ofType(Employee.class);        forPattern("employee/firstName").setBeanProperty();        forPattern("employee/lastName").setBeanProperty();        forPattern("employee/address").createObject().ofType(Address.class).then().setNext("addAddress");        forPattern("employee/address/type").setBeanProperty();        forPattern("employee/address/city").setBeanProperty();        forPattern("employee/address/state").setBeanProperty();    }}

编写客户端类:

package apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder;import java.io.IOException;import org.apache.commons.digester3.Digester;import org.apache.commons.digester3.binder.DigesterLoader;import org.xml.sax.SAXException;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.module.EmployeeModule;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Address;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Employee;import apache.commons.digester3.example.simpletest.ExampleMain;/** *  *  * @author    http://www.cnblogs.com/chenpi/ * @version   2017年6月5日 */public class DigesterLoaderMain {    private static DigesterLoader dl = DigesterLoader.newLoader(new EmployeeModule())            .setNamespaceAware(false);    public static void main(String[] args) {        try {                        Digester digester = dl.newDigester();            Employee employee = digester.parse(ExampleMain.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("employee.xml"));            System.out.print(employee.getFirstName() + " ");            System.out.print(employee.getLastName() + ", ");            for (Address a : employee.getAddressList()) {                System.out.print(a.getType() + ", ");                System.out.print(a.getCity() + ", ");                System.out.println(a.getState());            }        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (SAXException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

结果打印:

Pi Chen, CITY, HangZhou, 2

异步解析XML

异步解析的话,直接调用asyncParse方法即可,不过需要特别注意,因为digester对象并不是线程安全的,如下是一个简单的API使用示例:

承接上一个例子,使用同样的xml和RulesModule实现类;

客户端类:

package apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Future;import org.apache.commons.digester3.Digester;import org.apache.commons.digester3.binder.DigesterLoader;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.module.EmployeeModule;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Address;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Employee;import apache.commons.digester3.example.simpletest.ExampleMain;/** *  * @author    http://www.cnblogs.com/chenpi/ * @version   2017年6月5日 */public class AsyncParseMain {    private static DigesterLoader dl = DigesterLoader.newLoader(new EmployeeModule())            .setNamespaceAware(false).setExecutorService(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor());    public static void main(String[] args) {        try {                        Digester digester = dl.newDigester();            Future<Employee> future = digester.asyncParse(ExampleMain.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("employee.xml"));            Employee employee = future.get();                        System.out.print(employee.getFirstName() + " ");            System.out.print(employee.getLastName() + ", ");            for (Address a : employee.getAddressList()) {                System.out.print(a.getType() + ", ");                System.out.print(a.getCity() + ", ");                System.out.println(a.getState());            }        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (ExecutionException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

xml变量解析-Substitutor抽象类

这个比较简单,定义一个VariableSubstitutor实现类,用户转换属性和body中定义的变量值;

假设有一个xml如下所示,(其中${type}为变量):

<employee>    <firstName>Pi</firstName>    <lastName>Chen</lastName>    <address>        <type>${type}</type>        <city>HangZhou</city>        <state>2</state>    </address></employee>

那么可以这样解析如上xml:

package apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import org.apache.commons.digester3.Digester;import org.apache.commons.digester3.Substitutor;import org.apache.commons.digester3.binder.DigesterLoader;import org.apache.commons.digester3.substitution.MultiVariableExpander;import org.apache.commons.digester3.substitution.VariableSubstitutor;import org.xml.sax.SAXException;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.module.EmployeeModule;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Address;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Employee;import apache.commons.digester3.example.simpletest.ExampleMain;/** *  *  * @author http://www.cnblogs.com/chenpi/ * @version 2017年6月5日 */public class SubstitutionMain{    private static DigesterLoader dl = DigesterLoader.newLoader(new EmployeeModule())        .setNamespaceAware(false);    public static void main(String[] args)    {        try        {            // set up the variables the input xml can reference            Map<String, Object> vars = new HashMap<String, Object>();            vars.put("user.name", "me");            vars.put("type", "boss");            // map ${varname} to the entries in the var map            MultiVariableExpander expander = new MultiVariableExpander();            expander.addSource("$", vars);            // allow expansion in both xml attributes and element text            Substitutor substitutor = new VariableSubstitutor(expander);            Digester digester = dl.newDigester();            digester.setSubstitutor(substitutor);            Employee employee = digester                .parse(ExampleMain.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("employee$.xml"));            System.out.print(employee.getFirstName() + " ");            System.out.print(employee.getLastName() + ", ");            for (Address a : employee.getAddressList())            {                System.out.print(a.getType() + ", ");                System.out.print(a.getCity() + ", ");                System.out.println(a.getState());            }        }        catch (IOException e)        {            e.printStackTrace();        }        catch (SAXException e)        {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

带参构造方法使用示例

简单地说,就是在使用ObjectCreateRule规则的时候,能够传递xml中的值(属性值、body值)给构造方法使用;

如下是一个待解析的xml:

<root>  <bean super="false">    <rate>9.99</rate>  </bean></root>

那么可以这样解析:

package apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder;import java.io.IOException;import org.apache.commons.digester3.Digester;import org.apache.commons.digester3.ObjectCreateRule;import org.apache.commons.digester3.binder.DigesterLoader;import org.xml.sax.SAXException;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.module.EmployeeModule;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Address;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.Employee;import apache.commons.digester3.example.rulesbinder.pojo.MyBean;import apache.commons.digester3.example.simpletest.ExampleMain;/** *  *  * @author http://www.cnblogs.com/chenpi/ * @version 2017年6月5日 */public class ConstructorParamsMain{    public static void main(String[] args)    {        try        {            ObjectCreateRule createRule = new ObjectCreateRule(MyBean.class);            createRule.setConstructorArgumentTypes(Double.class, Boolean.class);            Digester digester = new Digester();            digester.addRule("root/bean", createRule);            digester.addCallParam("root/bean", 1, "super");            digester.addCallParam("root/bean/rate", 0);            MyBean myBean = digester.parse(ConstructorParamsMain.class.getClassLoader()                .getResourceAsStream("constructor-params.xml"));            System.out.println(myBean.getRate());            System.out.println(myBean.isSuper_());        }        catch (IOException e)        {            e.printStackTrace();        }        catch (SAXException e)        {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

结果打印:

9.99
false

参考资料

http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-digester/

代码参考

https://github.com/peterchenhdu/apache-commons-digester-example

Apache Commons Digester 二(规则模块绑定-RulesModule、异步解析-asyncParse、xml变量Substitutor、带参构造方法)