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设计模式3---抽象工厂模式

public interface IFactory {    IUser CreateUser();    IDepartment CreateDepartment();}

在工厂模式中,每个工厂类会为特定的操作类型产生操作对象类。

但是如果有产品系列的话,工厂模式就不太适用。

考虑一个数据库的问题。

1.数据库可能有替换

2.每个数据库可以修改多个表,比如user,department。

抽象工厂类就是对于工厂类产生的对象,我其实不需要得到具体的类,只要抽象类(接口)就可以了。

main方法:

public class AbstractFactoryMain extends BasicExample {    @Override    public void startDemo() {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        User user = new User();        Department department = new Department();        IFactory factory = new AccessFactory();        IUser iu = factory.CreateUser();        iu.insertUser(user);        iu.getUser(1);                IDepartment id = factory.CreateDepartment();        id.insertDepartment(department);        id.getDepartment(1);    }}
IFactory 是工厂方法接口
IUser 和IDepartment 是对于User和Department的操作接口,具体是access还是SQLserver其实客户端不关心。

其他类具体实现:
public interface IFactory {    IUser CreateUser();    IDepartment CreateDepartment();}
//封装对User表的操作public interface IUser {    void insertUser(User user);    User getUser(int id);}
//封装对Department表的操作public interface IDepartment {    void insertDepartment(Department department);    Department getDepartment(int id);}

SQLserver工厂类:

public class SqlServerFactory implements IFactory {    @Override    public IUser CreateUser() {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        return new SqlserverUser();    }    @Override    public IDepartment CreateDepartment() {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        return new SqlserverDepartment();    }}

Access工厂类:

public class AccessFactory implements IFactory {    @Override    public IUser CreateUser() {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        return new AccessUser();    }    @Override    public IDepartment CreateDepartment() {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        return new AccessDepartment();    }}

具体操作类:

public class SqlserverUser implements IUser {    @Override    public void insertUser(User user) {        System.out.println("在SQLserver 中给user表添加一条记录");    }    @Override    public User getUser(int id) {        System.out.println("在SQLserver 中根据ID得到user表一条记录");        return null;    }}
public class SqlserverDepartment implements IDepartment {    @Override    public void insertDepartment(Department department) {        System.out.println("在SQLserver 中给Department表添加一条记录");    }    @Override    public Department getDepartment(int id) {        System.out.println("在SQLserver 中根据ID得到Department表一条记录");        return null;    }}

 

public class AccessDepartment implements IDepartment {    @Override    public void insertDepartment(Department department) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        System.out.println("在Access 中给Department表添加一条记录");    }    @Override    public Department getDepartment(int id) {        System.out.println("在Access 中根据ID得到Department表一条记录");        return null;    }}
public class AccessUser implements IUser {    @Override    public void insertUser(User user) {        System.out.println("在Access 中给user表添加一条记录");    }    @Override    public User getUser(int id) {        System.out.println("在Access 中根据ID得到user表一条记录");        return null;    }}
public class User {        private int _id;    private String _name;        public int getID() {        return _id;    }    public void setID(int _id) {        this._id = _id;    }    public String getName() {        return _name;    }    public void setName(String _name) {        this._name = _name;    }    }
public class Department {    private int _id;    private String _name;        public int getID() {        return _id;    }    public void setID(int _id) {        this._id = _id;    }    public String getName() {        return _name;    }    public void setName(String _name) {        this._name = _name;    }}

 

如果需要添加Oracle 数据库,那只要添加 工厂生成类OracleFactory,以及操作OracleUser 和OracleDepartment类。
这样就不会改动原有代码,可以快速替换数据库。
抽象工厂模型:
优点: 1.可以方便的交换产品系列,只需在初始化的地方出现一次,就可以应用一个具体工厂。  
    2.具体实现隔离客户端,客户端通过抽象接口来操作具体实例。

简单工厂模型优化抽象工厂模型。
把AccessFactory 和SqlserverFactory可以合并成DataAccess方法来处理。

问题:如果上述“ IFactory factory = new AccessFactory();” 有还多处地方,甚至好几百处,这样就需要做大量的修改。
AccessFactory用DataAccess来代替,客户端彻底杜绝出现数据库字段。
public class DataAccess {//    private static final String db = "Sqlserver";    private static final String db = "Access";        public static IUser CreateUser()    {        IUser result = null;        switch(db)        {        case "Sqlserver":            result = new SqlserverUser();            break;        case "Access":            result = new AccessUser();            break;        }        return result;    }        public static IDepartment CreateDepartment()    {        IDepartment result = null;        switch(db)        {        case "Sqlserver":            result = new SqlserverDepartment();            break;        case "Access":            result = new AccessDepartment();            break;        }        return result;    }}

main方法修改为:

public class AbstractFactoryMain extends BasicExample {    @Override    public void startDemo() {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        User user = new User();        Department department = new Department();//        IFactory factory = new AccessFactory();        IUser iu = DataAccess.CreateUser();        iu.insertUser(user);        iu.getUser(1);                IDepartment id = DataAccess.CreateDepartment();        id.insertDepartment(department);        id.getDepartment(1);    }}

  从main方法看,根本看不到任何SQL和Access的字段,也就是客户端与业务逻辑隔离了!

  但是,如果新增一个Oracle数据库,需要修改DataAccess的switch--case,如何彻底不用switch语句呢?

 

利用反射,把类对象反射出来,这样只需要添加工厂类定义就可以了。
package com.jayfulmath.designpattern.abstractfactory;import java.lang.reflect.*;public class DataAccessReflection {    private static final String AssemblyName = "com.jayfulmath.designpattern.abstractfactory";    private static final String db = "Access";        public static IUser CreateUser()    {        String className =AssemblyName+"."+db+"User";        IUser  result = null;        try {            Class<?> c = Class.forName(className);            Constructor<?> ct = c.getConstructor();            result = (IUser) (ct.newInstance());        } catch (NoSuchMethodException |ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException | InvocationTargetException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }                return result;    }        public static IDepartment CreateDepartment()    {        String className = AssemblyName+"."+db+"Department";        IDepartment  result = null;        try {            Class<?> c = Class.forName(className);            Constructor<?> ct = c.getConstructor();            result = (IDepartment) (ct.newInstance());        } catch (NoSuchMethodException |ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException | InvocationTargetException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }                return result;    }}

自此,完美的解决了switch---case的问题。如果使用配置文件的话,可以彻底不用修改代码,而达到更换数据库的问题。

      


 

设计模式3---抽象工厂模式