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Java的发送邮件

2024-09-30 12:03:01   214人阅读

以下内容引用自http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/java/sending-email.html：

用Java应用程序来发送一封电子邮件是足够简单的，但是开始时应该在机器上安装有JavaMail API和Java Activation Framework(JAF)。

  • 可以从Java的标准企业网站上下载最新的JavaMail（1.2 版本）版本。
  • 可以从Java的标准企业网站上下载最新的JAF（1.1.1 版本）版本。

下载并解压这些文件，在新创建的顶级目录中将找到许多应用程序的jar文件。需要CLASSPATH中添加mail.jar和activation.jar文件。（POM项目和Eclipse工程省略这一步）

一、发送一封简单的电子邮件

这是从机器中发送一封简单的电子邮件的例子。这里假设本地主机连接到了因特网并且能够发送一封电子邮件。

import java.util.*;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.*;import javax.activation.*;public class SendEmail {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // Recipient‘s email ID needs to be mentioned.        String to = "abcd@gmail.com";        // Sender‘s email ID needs to be mentioned        String from = "web@gmail.com";        // Assuming you are sending email from localhost        String host = "localhost";//This is SMTP Server,Ex:smtp.163.com                // set email username        String user = "user";                // set email password        String password = "password";        // Get system properties        Properties properties = System.getProperties();        // Setup mail server        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);        properties.setProperty("mail.user", user);        properties.setProperty("mail.password", password);        // Get the default Session object.        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);        try {            // Create a default MimeMessage object.            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);            // Set From: header field of the header.            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));            // Set To: header field of the header.            message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));            // Set Subject: header field            message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");            // Now set the actual message            message.setText("This is actual message");            // Send message            Transport.send(message);            System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");        } catch (MessagingException mex) {            mex.printStackTrace();        }    }}//编译并运行这个程序来发送一封简单的电子邮件：$ java SendEmailSent message successfully....

如果想要给多个收信者发送一封电子邮件，那么以下的方法将被用来发送给指定的多个电子邮件ID：

void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type,  Address[] addresses) throws MessagingException

这是参数的描述：

  • type：这将被设置为TO，CC或者BCC。这里CC表示副本，BCC表示Black Carbon Copy。例如Message.RecipientType.TO。
  • addresses：这是电子邮件ID的数组。当指定电子邮件ID时，需要使用InternetAddress()。

二、发送一封HTML电子邮件

这是从机器发送一封HTML电子邮件的例子。这里假设本地主机连接到了因特网并且能够发送一封电子邮件。

这个例子和前一个非常相似，除了在这用setContent()方法来设置第二个参数为"text/html"以指定 HTML 内容被包括在消息中的内容。

使用这个例子，可以发送任何HTML内容。

//File Name SendHTMLEmail.javaimport java.util.*;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.*;import javax.activation.*;public class SendHTMLEmail {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // Recipient‘s email ID needs to be mentioned.        String to = "abcd@gmail.com";        // Sender‘s email ID needs to be mentioned        String from = "web@gmail.com";        // Assuming you are sending email from localhost        String host = "localhost";//This is SMTP Server,Ex:smtp.163.com                // set email username        String user = "user";                // set email password        String password = "password";                // Get system properties        Properties properties = System.getProperties();        // Setup mail server        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);        properties.setProperty("mail.user", user);        properties.setProperty("mail.password", password);        // Get the default Session object.        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);        try {            // Create a default MimeMessage object.            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);            // Set From: header field of the header.            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));            // Set To: header field of the header.            message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));            // Set Subject: header field            message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");            // Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like            message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>", "text/html");            // Send message            Transport.send(message);            System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");        } catch (MessagingException mex) {            mex.printStackTrace();        }    }}//编译并运行这个程序来发送一封 HTML 的电子邮件：$ java SendHTMLEmailSent message successfully....

三、发送电子邮件中的附件

这是一个从机器中发送一封带有附件的电子邮件的例子。这里假设本地主机连接到了因特网并且能够发送一封电子邮件。

//File Name SendFileEmail.javaimport java.util.*;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.*;import javax.activation.*;public class SendFileEmail {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // Recipient‘s email ID needs to be mentioned.        String to = "abcd@gmail.com";        // Sender‘s email ID needs to be mentioned        String from = "web@gmail.com";        // Assuming you are sending email from localhost        String host = "localhost";// This is SMTP Server,Ex:smtp.163.com        // set email username        String user = "user";        // set email password        String password = "password";        // Get system properties        Properties properties = System.getProperties();        // Setup mail server        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);        properties.setProperty("mail.user", user);        properties.setProperty("mail.password", password);        // Get the default Session object.        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);        try {            // Create a default MimeMessage object.            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);            // Set From: header field of the header.            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));            // Set To: header field of the header.            message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));            // Set Subject: header field            message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");            // Create the message part            BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();            // Fill the message            messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");            // Create a multipar message            Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();            // Set text message part            multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);            // Part two is attachment            messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();            String filename = "file.txt";            DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);            messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));            messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);            multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);            // Send the complete message parts            message.setContent(multipart);            // Send message            Transport.send(message);            System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");        } catch (MessagingException mex) {            mex.printStackTrace();        }    }}//编译并运行这个程序来发送一封 HTML 电子邮件：$ java SendFileEmailSent message successfully....

四、用户身份认证部分

如果为了身份认证的目的需要给电子邮件服务器提供用户ID和密码，可以像这样设置这些属性：

 props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser"); props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");

 

电子邮件发送机制的剩余部分和上述解释的一样。

 

测试工程：https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/javabasicstest/test27

Java的发送邮件


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