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抛弃EF，20分构建一个属于自己的ORM框架
相信EF大家都不陌生了，因为数据库表跟程序实体是一一对应的原因，我们能够通过lambda这种函数式的编程方式进行操作数据库，感觉非常清晰明了。与我们直接写SQL相比，lambda是强类型，拥有更好的扩展性，伸缩性，而且编程更加的方便，快捷。。下面我们就基于Expression和lambda来与大家构建一个属于自己的ORM框架。
思路的话很简单，就是将lambda转换成我们对应的数据库所需的查询条件，然后执行查询，再将结果以反射的方式封装成List<T>返回出去。
Expression
大家使用EF的时候多多少少会留意到有Expression这个东西。特别是查询时会看到要你传入Expression<Func<T,bool>>这样类型的参数，它又和Func<T,bool>有什么比同呢？
Expression<Func<T,bool>>是表达式树，我们可以通过它来分析我们的委托中的函数。当调用Compile方法后就会变成委托，才能执行。
Func<T,bool>只是一个普通的委托。
例如我们现在有个实体类Staff
public class Staff { public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } public string Code { get; set; } public DateTime? Birthday { get; set; } public bool Deletion { get; set; } }
我们还有一个这样的方法
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { FindAs<Staff>(x => x.Code == "张三" && x.Name.Contains("张")); } public static List<T> FindAs<T>(Expression<Func<T, bool>> func) { //将func转换成对应数据库的查询条件，然后执行查询 return null;//将结果返回 } }
我们希望通过 FindAs<Staff>(x => x.Age <50 && x.Name.Contains("张")); 就能查询出Staff表中Age<50并且Name包含有“张”字的人的信息。而生成的sql语句应该是select * from staff where Age<50 and Name like ‘%张%‘。现在我们就来分析下这个func
从上面的图我们可以看到当前的Expression是一个lambda表达式，我们点开它的body看看。
我们可以看到body里分为左边和右边，还有NodeType。和我们的lambda对比下看看‘x => x.Age <50 && x.Name.Contains("张")‘是不是找到点灵感了？我们再继续把左边和右边拆开看看。
可以看到我们需要的信息都有了，看来转换成SQL已经不是什么难事了，动手开搞了。
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { FindAs<Staff>(x => x.Code == "张三" && x.Name.Contains("张")); FindAs<Staff>(x => x.Age <= 12 && x.Name.Contains("张")); Console.ReadKey(); } public static List<T> FindAs<T>(Expression<Func<T, bool>> func) { BinaryExpression Binary = func.Body as BinaryExpression; string left = ResovleFunc(Binary.Left); string right = ResovleLinqToObject(Binary.Right); string oper = GetOperator(Binary.NodeType); string sql = string.Format("select * from {0} where {1}", typeof(T).Name, left + oper + right); Console.WriteLine(sql); return null;//将结果返回 } //解析一般的条件，例如x=>x.name==xxxx x.age==xxx public static string ResovleFunc(Expression express) { var inner = express as BinaryExpression; string Name = (inner.Left as MemberExpression).Member.Name; object Value = http://www.mamicode.com/(inner.Right as ConstantExpression).Value; var Operator = GetOperator(inner.NodeType); string Result = string.Format("({0} {1} ‘{2}‘)", Name, Operator, Value); return Result; } //解析linq to object这类扩展方法 public static string ResovleLinqToObject(Expression expression) { var MethodCall = expression as MethodCallExpression; var MethodName = MethodCall.Method.Name; if (MethodName == "Contains") { object Temp_Vale = (MethodCall.Arguments[0] as ConstantExpression).Value; string Value = http://www.mamicode.com/string.Format("%{0}%", Temp_Vale); string Name = (MethodCall.Object as MemberExpression).Member.Name; string Result = string.Format("{0} like ‘{1}‘", Name, Value); return Result; } return null; } public static string GetOperator(ExpressionType expressiontype) { switch (expressiontype) { case ExpressionType.And: return "and"; case ExpressionType.AndAlso: return "and"; case ExpressionType.Or: return "or"; case ExpressionType.OrElse: return "or"; case ExpressionType.Equal: return "="; case ExpressionType.NotEqual: return "<>"; case ExpressionType.LessThan: return "<"; case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual: return "<="; case ExpressionType.GreaterThan: return ">"; case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual: return ">="; default: throw new Exception(string.Format("不支持{0}此种运算符查找！" + expressiontype)); } } }
已经初步的达到了我们的目的了，但是我们的查询条件不可能固定是2个，有可能是N个，这时左边和右边又要继续再分下去，直到无法再分(想到递归了吧？)。而且我们还需要将查询条件参数化。而且我们的条件删除时也会用到。所以我们应该把它独立出来。传入一个lambda，生成sql where部分的语句，生成sqlparameter[]。这才是关键。。于是我们来构建一个解析Expresstion的类。。下面我就直接给出我自己写的实现代码了。。
/// <summary> /// 解析lamdba /// </summary> public class ResolveExpress { public Dictionary<string, object> Argument; public string SqlWhere; public SqlParameter[] Paras; /// <summary> /// 解析lamdba，生成Sql查询条件 /// </summary> /// <param name="expression"></param> /// <returns></returns> public void ResolveExpression(Expression expression) { this.Argument = new Dictionary<string, object>(); this.SqlWhere = Resolve(expression); this.Paras = Argument.Select(x => new SqlParameter(x.Key, x.Value)).ToArray(); } private string Resolve(Expression expression) { if (expression is LambdaExpression) { LambdaExpression lambda = expression as LambdaExpression; expression = lambda.Body; return Resolve(expression); } if (expression is BinaryExpression) { BinaryExpression binary = expression as BinaryExpression; if (binary.Left is MemberExpression && binary.Right is ConstantExpression)//解析x=>x.Name=="123" x.Age==123这类 return ResolveFunc(binary.Left, binary.Right, binary.NodeType); if (binary.Left is MethodCallExpression && binary.Right is ConstantExpression)//解析x=>x.Name.Contains("xxx")==false这类的 { object value = http://www.mamicode.com/(binary.Right as ConstantExpression).Value; return ResolveLinqToObject(binary.Left, value, binary.NodeType); } if (binary.Left is MemberExpression && binary.Right is MemberExpression)//解析x=>x.Date==DateTime.Now这种 { LambdaExpression lambda = Expression.Lambda(binary.Right); Delegate fn = lambda.Compile(); ConstantExpression value = Expression.Constant(fn.DynamicInvoke(null), binary.Right.Type); return ResolveFunc(binary.Left, value, binary.NodeType); } } if (expression is UnaryExpression) { UnaryExpression unary = expression as UnaryExpression; if (unary.Operand is MethodCallExpression)//解析!x=>x.Name.Contains("xxx")或!array.Contains(x.Name)这类 return ResolveLinqToObject(unary.Operand, false); if (unary.Operand is MemberExpression && unary.NodeType == ExpressionType.Not)//解析x=>x.isDeletion这样的 { ConstantExpression constant = Expression.Constant(false); return ResolveFunc(unary.Operand, constant, ExpressionType.Equal); } expression = unary.Operand; } if (expression is MethodCallExpression)//x=>x.Name.Contains("xxx")或array.Contains(x.Name)这类 { MethodCallExpression methodcall = expression as MethodCallExpression; return ResolveLinqToObject(methodcall, true); } var body = expression as BinaryExpression; if (body == null) throw new Exception("无法解析" + expression); var Operator = GetOperator(body.NodeType); var Left = Resolve(body.Left); var Right = Resolve(body.Right); string Result = string.Format("({0} {1} {2})", Left, Operator, Right); return Result; } /// <summary> /// 根据条件生成对应的sql查询操作符 /// </summary> /// <param name="expressiontype"></param> /// <returns></returns> private string GetOperator(ExpressionType expressiontype) { switch (expressiontype) { case ExpressionType.And: return "and"; case ExpressionType.AndAlso: return "and"; case ExpressionType.Or: return "or"; case ExpressionType.OrElse: return "or"; case ExpressionType.Equal: return "="; case ExpressionType.NotEqual: return "<>"; case ExpressionType.LessThan: return "<"; case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual: return "<="; case ExpressionType.GreaterThan: return ">"; case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual: return ">="; default: throw new Exception(string.Format("不支持{0}此种运算符查找！" + expressiontype)); } } private string ResolveFunc(Expression left, Expression right, ExpressionType expressiontype) { var Name = (left as MemberExpression).Member.Name; var Value = http://www.mamicode.com/(right as ConstantExpression).Value; var Operator = GetOperator(expressiontype); string CompName = SetArgument(Name, Value.ToString()); string Result = string.Format("({0} {1} {2})", Name, Operator, CompName); return Result; } private string ResolveLinqToObject(Expression expression, object value, ExpressionType? expressiontype = null) { var MethodCall = expression as MethodCallExpression; var MethodName = MethodCall.Method.Name; switch (MethodName)//这里其实还可以改成反射调用，不用写switch { case "Contains": if (MethodCall.Object != null) return Like(MethodCall); return In(MethodCall, value); case "Count": return Len(MethodCall, value, expressiontype.Value); case "LongCount": return Len(MethodCall, value, expressiontype.Value); default: throw new Exception(string.Format("不支持{0}方法的查找！", MethodName)); } } private string SetArgument(string name, string value) { name = "@" + name; string temp = name; while (Argument.ContainsKey(temp)) { int code = Guid.NewGuid().GetHashCode(); if (code < 0) code *= -1; temp = name + code; } Argument[temp] = value; return temp; } private string In(MethodCallExpression expression, object isTrue) { var Argument1 = (expression.Arguments[0] as MemberExpression).Expression as ConstantExpression; var Argument2 = expression.Arguments[1] as MemberExpression; var Field_Array = Argument1.Value.GetType().GetFields().First(); object[] Array = Field_Array.GetValue(Argument1.Value) as object[]; List<string> SetInPara = new List<string>(); for (int i = 0; i < Array.Length; i++) { string Name_para = "InParameter" + i; string Value =http://www.mamicode.com/ Array[i].ToString(); string Key = SetArgument(Name_para, Value); SetInPara.Add(Key); } string Name = Argument2.Member.Name; string Operator = Convert.ToBoolean(isTrue) ? "in" : " not in"; string CompName = string.Join(",", SetInPara); string Result = string.Format("{0} {1} ({2})", Name, Operator, CompName); return Result; } private string Like(MethodCallExpression expression) { object Temp_Vale = (expression.Arguments[0] as ConstantExpression).Value; string Value = http://www.mamicode.com/string.Format("%{0}%", Temp_Vale); string Name = (expression.Object as MemberExpression).Member.Name; string CompName = SetArgument(Name, Value); string Result = string.Format("{0} like {1}", Name, CompName); return Result; } private string Len(MethodCallExpression expression, object value, ExpressionType expressiontype) { object Name = (expression.Arguments[0] as MemberExpression).Member.Name; string Operator = GetOperator(expressiontype); string CompName = SetArgument(Name.ToString(), value.ToString()); string Result = string.Format("len({0}){1}{2}", Name, Operator, CompName); return Result; } }
static void Main(string[] args) { string[] Names = { "Andy", "Amy", "Mike" }; Expression<Func<Staff, bool>> func = x => (!Names.Contains(x.Name) && (x.Name == "A" || x.Name.Count() > 5)); ResolveExpress resolve = new ResolveExpress(); resolve.ResolveExpression(func); Console.WriteLine(resolve.SqlWhere); foreach (var item in resolve.Paras) { Console.WriteLine(item.ParameterName + ":" + item.Value); } Console.ReadKey(); }
结果：
这里有几个重要的东西要给大家讲下
string[] Names={"Andy","Amy","Mike"};
1.）x => Names.Contains(x.Name);
2.）x => Names.Contains(x.Name)==false;
3.）x => !Names.Contains(x.Name);
这3种在Expression中的表现都不一样
1的话会看成是一个静态方法（MethodCallExpression）
2的话会看成是一个2元运算（BinaryExpression）
3的话会看成是一个1元运算（UnaryExpression）
所以我们都要支持，处理都有所不同。
还有
x=>x.Birthday<DateTime.Now;
string name="123";
x=>x.Name==name;
和
x=>x.Name=="123"
的处理也不一样。大家可以在例子中细细的看看。
这样的构造使得我们切换数据库变得非常简单。因为我们程序中的查询都是基于lambda。换了数据库只要添加一个对应的lamdba转数据库查询条件的实现就可以了。写得够多了。至于数据层怎么封装，到了这一步它已经变得没什么难度了。希望大家能从文章中有所启发和帮助
抛弃EF，20分构建一个属于自己的ORM框架
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