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Linux命令之exit - 退出当前shell【返回值状态】

原文链接:http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/836625   (转载请注明出处)

 

用途说明

exit命令用于退出当前shell,在shell脚本中可以终止当前脚本执行。

 

常用参数

格式:exit n

退出。设置退出码为n。(Cause the shell to exit with a status of n.)

 

格式:exit

退出。退出码不变,即为最后一个命令的退出码。(If n is omitted, the exit status is that of the  last  command executed. )

 

格式:$?

上一个命令的退出码。

 

格式:trap "commands" EXIT

退出时执行commands指定的命令。( A trap on EXIT is executed before the shell terminates.)

 

退出码(exit status,或exit code)的约定:

0表示成功(Zero - Success)

非0表示失败(Non-Zero  - Failure)

2表示用法不当(Incorrect Usage)

127表示命令没有找到(Command Not Found)

126表示不是可执行的(Not an executable)

>=128 信号产生

 

man 3 exit 写道
The C standard specifies two constants, EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE, that may be passed to exit() to indicate        successful or unsuccessful termination, respectively.

以下摘自/usr/include/stdlib.h

C代码 复制代码 收藏代码
  1. #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */ 
  2. #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */ 
#define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */#define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */

 

BSD试图对退出码标准化。

man 3 exit 写道
BSD has attempted to standardize exit codes; see the file <sysexits.h>.

 

以下摘自/usr/include/sysexits.h

C代码 复制代码 收藏代码
  1. #define EX_OK           0       /* successful termination */ 
  2.  
  3. #define EX__BASE        64      /* base value for error messages */ 
  4.  
  5. #define EX_USAGE        64      /* command line usage error */ 
  6. #define EX_DATAERR      65      /* data format error */ 
  7. #define EX_NOINPUT      66      /* cannot open input */ 
  8. #define EX_NOUSER       67      /* addressee unknown */ 
  9. #define EX_NOHOST       68      /* host name unknown */ 
  10. #define EX_UNAVAILABLE  69      /* service unavailable */ 
  11. #define EX_SOFTWARE     70      /* internal software error */ 
  12. #define EX_OSERR        71      /* system error (e.g., can‘t fork) */ 
  13. #define EX_OSFILE       72      /* critical OS file missing */ 
  14. #define EX_CANTCREAT    73      /* can‘t create (user) output file */ 
  15. #define EX_IOERR        74      /* input/output error */ 
  16. #define EX_TEMPFAIL     75      /* temp failure; user is invited to retry */ 
  17. #define EX_PROTOCOL     76      /* remote error in protocol */ 
  18. #define EX_NOPERM       77      /* permission denied */ 
  19. #define EX_CONFIG       78      /* configuration error */ 
  20.  
  21. #define EX__MAX 78      /* maximum listed value */ 
#define EX_OK           0       /* successful termination */#define EX__BASE        64      /* base value for error messages */#define EX_USAGE        64      /* command line usage error */#define EX_DATAERR      65      /* data format error */#define EX_NOINPUT      66      /* cannot open input */#define EX_NOUSER       67      /* addressee unknown */#define EX_NOHOST       68      /* host name unknown */#define EX_UNAVAILABLE  69      /* service unavailable */#define EX_SOFTWARE     70      /* internal software error */#define EX_OSERR        71      /* system error (e.g., can‘t fork) */#define EX_OSFILE       72      /* critical OS file missing */#define EX_CANTCREAT    73      /* can‘t create (user) output file */#define EX_IOERR        74      /* input/output error */#define EX_TEMPFAIL     75      /* temp failure; user is invited to retry */#define EX_PROTOCOL     76      /* remote error in protocol */#define EX_NOPERM       77      /* permission denied */#define EX_CONFIG       78      /* configuration error */#define EX__MAX 78      /* maximum listed value */

使用示例

示例一 退出当前shell

[root@new55 ~]# [root@new55 ~]# exit logout

 

示例二 在脚本中,进入脚本所在目录,否则退出

Bash代码 复制代码 收藏代码
  1. cd $(dirname $0) || exit
cd $(dirname $0) || exit 1

 

示例三 在脚本中,判断参数数量,不匹配就打印使用方式,退出

Bash代码 复制代码 收藏代码
  1. if [ "$#" -ne "2" ]; then 
  2.     echo "usage: $0 <area> <hours>" 
  3.     exit
  4. fi 
if [ "$#" -ne "2" ]; then    echo "usage: $0 <area> <hours>"    exit 2fi

 

示例四 在脚本中,退出时删除临时文件

Bash代码 复制代码 收藏代码
  1. trap "rm -f tmpfile; echo Bye." EXIT 
trap "rm -f tmpfile; echo Bye." EXIT

 

示例五 检查上一命令的退出码

Bash代码 复制代码 收藏代码
  1. ./mycommand.sh 
  2. EXCODE=$? 
  3. if [ "$EXCODE" == "0" ]; then 
  4.     echo "O.K" 
  5. fi 
./mycommand.shEXCODE=$?if [ "$EXCODE" == "0" ]; then    echo "O.K"fi

问题思考

相关资料

【1】91linux    Linux exit 命令    【2】曲径通幽   [概念]exit n    【3】Linux大学  Bash Shell Exit Status Tutorial with Practical Examples  

Linux命令之exit - 退出当前shell【返回值状态】