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koa源码分析

最近项目要使用koa,所以提前学习一下,顺便看了koa框架的源码.

注:源码是koa2.x

koa的源码很简洁,关键代码只有4个文件,当然还包括一些依赖npm包

const Koa = require(koa);                                                        
                                                                                 
const app = new Koa();                                                             
                                                                                 
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {                                                     
  await next();                                                                    
  ctx.type = text/html;                                                          
  ctx.body = <h1>Hello, koa2!</h2>;                                                          
});                                                                              
                                                                                 
app.listen(3000);                                                                
console.log(app started at port 3000....);

我们由上面的代码开始深入到koa的源码:

application.js文件:

上面代码的开头引入koa框架,接着const app = new Koa();创建koa实例app,koa的构造函数很简单,如下:

  constructor() {                                                                   
    super();                                                                        
                                                                                    
    this.proxy = false;                                                             
    this.middleware = [];      //用来存放中间件                                                         
    this.subdomainOffset = 2;                                                      
    this.env = process.env.NODE_ENV || development;   //运行环境                              
    this.context = Object.create(context);           //创建context对象                               
    this.request = Object.create(request);           //创建request对象               
    this.response = Object.create(response);         //创建response对象            
  }
use函数:
use(fn) {                                                                      
    if (typeof fn !== function) throw new TypeError(middleware must be a function!);
    if (isGeneratorFunction(fn)) {                                               
      deprecate(Support for generators will be removed in v3.  +               
                See the documentation for examples of how to convert old middleware  +
                https://github.com/koajs/koa/blob/master/docs/migration.md);   
      fn = convert(fn);                                                          
    }                                                                            
    debug(use %s, fn._name || fn.name || -);                                 
    this.middleware.push(fn);                                                    
    return this;                                                                 
  } 

 use函数首先判断参数是否是函数,不是就报错,然后判断这个函数是否是generator函数,如果是generator则需要转换一下,通过两个判断后,将这个函数push到middleware数组中保存.最后返回this(也是app实例)

listen函数:
isten() {                                                                     
    debug(listen);                                                             
    const server = http.createServer(this.callback());                           
    return server.listen.apply(server, arguments);                               
  }

listen函数里面调用http.createServe()创建http服务,关键是参数this.callback(),看一下代码:

callback() {                                                                   
    const fn = compose(this.middleware);                                         
                                                                                 
    if (!this.listeners(error).length) this.on(error, this.onerror);         
                                                                                 
    const handleRequest = (req, res) => {                                        
      res.statusCode = 404;                                                      
      const ctx = this.createContext(req, res);                                  
      const one rror = err => ctx.onerror(err);                                   
      const handleResponse = () => respond(ctx);                                 
      onFinished(res, one rror);                                                  
      return fn(ctx).then(handleResponse).catch(onerror);                        
    };                                                                           
                                                                                 
    return handleRequest;                                                        
  }

首先,把所有middleware进行了组合,使用了koa-compose,我们也不用去管他的内部实现,简单来说就是返回了一个promise数组的递归调用。

这里的 const fn = compose(this.middleware);对应的调用代码如下:(查看koa-compose源码):

 return function (context, next) {                                              
    // last called middleware #                                                  
    let index = -1                                                               
    return dispatch(0)                                                           
    function dispatch (i) {                                                      
      if (i <= index) return Promise.reject(new Error(next() called multiple times))
      index = i                                                                  
      let fn = middleware[i]                                                                                  
      if (i === middleware.length) fn = next                                     
      if (!fn) return Promise.resolve()                                          
      try {                                                                      
        return Promise.resolve(fn(context, function next () {                    
          return dispatch(i + 1)                                                 
        }))                                                                      
      } catch (err) {                                                            
        return Promise.reject(err)                                               
      }                                                                          
    }                                                                            
  }                                                                              
}

return前面的作用是做参数检测,return后面也就是上面贴出来的代码才是我们要关注的:

 运行流程:

i = 0 ==> index = 0 ==> fn = middleware[0] ==> return Promise.resolve(//如果fn里面存在await,则functions next()函数会被掉用, 则运行return dispatch(i + 1),以此类推)
知道中间件(当然一般指最后一个中间件)中不存在await或者所有的中间件都加载完毕(i === middleware.length) ,compose函数则最终返回.

例如:

const Koa = require(‘koa‘) 
const app = new Koa() 
app.use(async function (ctx, next) {                                             
  		console.log(‘>> one‘);                                                         
  		await next();                                                                  
 		 console.log(‘<< one‘);                                                         
}); 
app.use(ctx => {                                                                   
 		ctx.body=‘hello world gcy‘;                                                    
})

上面代码注册了两个中间件,经过const fn = compose(this.middleware)后返回:

fn的形式如下:

Promise.resolve(function(ctx) {
console.log(‘>> one‘);
return Promose.resolve(function(ctx){
ctx.body=‘hello world gcy‘;
}).then(() => {
 console.log(‘<< one‘);
})
})

执行结果: 后台输出:>> one  -- > 页面输出:hello world gcy --> 后台输出:<< one

接下来:

 if (!this.listeners(‘error‘).length) this.on(‘error‘, this.onerror);  

在处理http请求之前,koa会注册一个默认的错误处理函数,但我们每次http请求错误实际上是由ctx.onerror处理的:

const one rror = err => ctx.onerror(err);
onFinished(res, one rror);
fn(ctx).then(() => respond(ctx)).catch(onerror)

ctx.onFinished 是确保一个流在关闭、完成和报错时都会执行相应的回调函数。onerror 就是我们http请求错误处理函数.
我们看看这个匿名函数,把http code默认设置为404,接着利用createContext函数把node返回的req和res进行了组合创建出context
来看下createContext函数:

createContext(req, res) {
  const context = Object.create(this.context);
  const request = context.request = Object.create(this.request);
  const response = context.response = Object.create(this.response);
  context.app = request.app = response.app = this;
  context.req = request.req = response.req = req;
  context.res = request.res = response.res = res;
  request.ctx = response.ctx = context;
  request.response = response;
  response.request = request;
  context.originalUrl = request.originalUrl = req.url;
  context.cookies = new Cookies(req, res, {
    keys: this.keys,
    secure: request.secure
  });
  request.ip = request.ips[0] || req.socket.remoteAddress || ‘‘;
  context.accept = request.accept = accepts(req);
  context.state = {};
  return context;
}

这里面都是一堆的组合和赋值,context,request, response相互挂载
值得注意的是:context.req/context.res 和context.request/context.response的区别,context.req/context.res代表nodejs的req和res对象,而context.request/context.response是koa的request和response对象
这个函数最后返回context,然后传入fn函数,此时fn函数被执行.
callback()函数中调用的respond函数里面不过是一些收尾工作,例如判断http code为空如何输出啦,http method是head如何输出啦,body返回是流或json时如何输出。

context.js
delegate(proto, ‘request‘) //Request相关方法委托,从而让context作为调用入口
onerror(err) //中间件执行过程中异常处理逻辑

request.js,response.js

分别对res和req进行了抽象和封装

 

koa源码分析