我要实现的工作是使用mupdf库转换pdf、jpeg、tif等文件为灰度图，转换完成的灰度图存放到内存中，而不是存为文件，在读取到内存中，主要是嵌入式系统中使用。下面是example.c，我加了我理解的注释，以及自己修改的地方。example.c全文

#include <mupdf/fitz.h>voidrender(char *filename, int pagenumber, int zoom, int rotation){	// Create a context to hold the exception stack and various caches.	fz_context *ctx = fz_new_context(NULL, NULL, FZ_STORE_UNLIMITED);	// set color to gray	        //fz_device_gray(ctx);		// Register the default file types.	fz_register_document_handlers(ctx);	// Open the PDF, XPS or CBZ document.

       //这里文件可以是任意mupdf识别的文件pdf、jpeg、tif、png等，打开文档函数实现了多态，会自动选择相应的文件处理函数来处理图像	fz_document *doc = fz_open_document(ctx, filename);	// Retrieve the number of pages (not used in this example).

       // 计算出文档的页数，相对pdf等多页文档来说的，这个例子暂时不用。	int pagecount = fz_count_pages(doc);	// Load the page we want. Page numbering starts from zero.	fz_page *page = fz_load_page(doc, pagenumber - 1);	// Calculate a transform to use when rendering. This transform	// contains the scale and rotation. Convert zoom percentage to a	// scaling factor. Without scaling the resolution is 72 dpi.	fz_matrix transform;	fz_rotate(&transform, rotation);	//fz_scale(&transform,2.0f,1.0f);		fz_pre_scale(&transform, zoom / 100.0f, zoom / 100.0f);	// Take the page bounds and transform them by the same matrix that	// we will use to render the page.	fz_rect bounds;	fz_bound_page(doc, page, &bounds);	fz_transform_rect(&bounds, &transform);	// Create a blank pixmap to hold the result of rendering. The	// pixmap bounds used here are the same as the transformed page	// bounds, so it will contain the entire page. The page coordinate	// space has the origin at the top left corner and the x axis	// extends to the right and the y axis extends down.	fz_irect bbox;	fz_round_rect(&bbox, &bounds);

       // 这里修改了此函数的第三个参数为fz_device_rgb(..)为fz_device_grzy(..),将图像变为灰度图	fz_pixmap *pix = fz_new_pixmap_with_bbox(ctx, fz_device_gray(ctx), &bbox);	fz_clear_pixmap_with_value(ctx, pix, 0xff);	// A page consists of a series of objects (text, line art, images,	// gradients). These objects are passed to a device when the	// interpreter runs the page. There are several devices, used for	// different purposes:	//	//	draw device -- renders objects to a target pixmap.	//	//	text device -- extracts the text in reading order with styling	//	information. This text can be used to provide text search.	//	//	list device -- records the graphic objects in a list that can	//	be played back through another device. This is useful if you	//	need to run the same page through multiple devices, without	//	the overhead of parsing the page each time.	// Create a draw device with the pixmap as its target.	// Run the page with the transform.	fz_device *dev = fz_new_draw_device(ctx, pix);	fz_run_page(doc, page, dev, &transform, NULL);	fz_free_device(dev);	// Save the pixmap to a file.       /*

       * 这里改动较大，首先用申请了一个fz_buffer,用来存放转换好的灰度图数据。申请过程以及销毁申请的内存以及内存扩充等工作均由mupdf来维护。后边介绍struct fz_buffer定义

       */	fz_buffer * buffer= fz_new_buffer(ctx,1916);	fz_write_png(ctx, pix, "out.png", 0);

       //这个函数我自己添加的，实现了内存存放位图数据到fz_buffer中	fz_write_pnm_buffer(ctx,pix,buffer,1);		FILE * pgm_fd = fopen("3.pgm","w");

       // 将位图数据写到文件中，主要是为了测试用	fwrite(buffer->data,buffer->len,1,pgm_fd);	fclose(pgm_fd);		// Clean up.	fz_drop_pixmap(ctx, pix);	fz_free_page(doc, page);	fz_close_document(doc);	fz_free_context(ctx);}int main(int argc, char **argv){	char *filename = argc >= 2 ? argv[1] : "";	int pagenumber = argc > 2 ? atoi(argv[2]) : 1;	int zoom = argc > 3 ? atoi(argv[3]) : 100;	int rotation = argc > 4 ? atoi(argv[4]) : 0;	render(filename, pagenumber, zoom, rotation);	return 0;}

fz_buffer在文件buffer.h中定义，如下：

struct fz_buffer_s{	int refs;	unsigned char *data;	int cap, len;	int unused_bits;};

另外我添加了一个函数void fz_write_pnm_buffer(fz_context *ctx, fz_pixmap *pixmap, fz_buffer *buffer,int head_flag)，它的申明添加到output-pnm.h中，定义添加到pixmap.c中，定义如下

voidfz_write_pnm_buffer(fz_context *ctx, fz_pixmap *pixmap, fz_buffer *buffer,int head_flag){	fz_output *out = fz_new_output_with_buffer(ctx, buffer);	if (head_flag == 1)		fz_output_pnm_header(out, pixmap->w, pixmap->h, pixmap->n);	fz_output_pnm_band(out, pixmap->w, pixmap->h, pixmap->n, 0, pixmap->h, pixmap->samples);	fz_close_output(out);}

这里head_flag主要是为了选择是否将pnm的头添加到数据中。

这样切换到编译好的mupdf源码目录下，编译好的库和可执行文件均存放在./bulid/debug/目录下。执行下边命令：

gcc -g -o build/debug/example -Iinclude docs/example.c build/debug/libmupdf.a build/debug/libfreetype.a build/debug/libjbig2dec.a 

build/debug/libjpeg.a build/debug/libopenjpeg.a build/debug/libz.a –lm

生成的example可执行文件在bulid/debug目录下。这样可以使用如下命令

./example test.pdf 1 200 0./example test.jpg ./example test.tif

均可生成对应的pnm图像,我们也可以对fz_buffer中的数据做其他处理，只要去修改example.c代码即可

mupdf实现常用图片转换为灰度图pnm