3.3 Imagine a (literal) stack of plates. If the stack gets too high, it might topple. Therefore, in real life, we would likely start a new stack when the previous stack exceeds some threshold. Implement a data structure SetOfStacks that mimics this. SetOfStacks should be composed of several stacks, and should create a new stack once the previous one exceeds capacity. SetOfStacks.push() and SetOfStacks.pop() should behave identically to a single stack (that is, pop() should return the same values as it would if there were just a single stack). FOLLOW UP Implement a function popAt(int index) which performs a pop operation on a specific sub-stack.

interface SetOfStacks<T>
{
  push(T t);
  T pop();
  T popAt();
  
  static final int SUM_LENGTH = 10;
}

class SetOfStacksImpl<T> implements SetOfStacks
{
  Stack<T>[] subStacks;
  int cur;
  
  SetOfStacksImpl()
  {
    // Initialize sub stacks array.
    subStacks = new Stack<T>[100];
    subStacks[0] = initStack();
    cur = 0;
  }
    
  push(T t)
  {
    if (t == null) return;
    
    if (subStacks[cur].isFull())
    {
      if (cur >= subStacks.length)
      {
        // resize subStacks
        // or
        throw new OverFlowException();
      }
      
      // Add new stack at head.
      Stack<T> newStack = initStack();
      cur++;
    }
    subStacks[cur].push(t);
  }
  
  T pop()
  {   
    T t = subStacks[cur].pop;  
    while (curStacks[cur].isEmpty() && cur >= 0)
    {
      cur --;
    }
    return t;
  }
  
  T popAt(int i)
  {
    if (i > cur || i >= subStacks.length || i < 0)
      return null;
    T t = subStacks[i].pop();
    
    // Only shrink when i is cur
    if (i == cur)
    {
      while (curStacks[cur].isEmpty() && cur >= 0)
        cur --;
    }      
    return t;
  }
}

A better solution? Instead of using a linked list holding sub stacks, using a map<stackIndex, stack>.

The benefit is that popAt(int) would be O(1).

Not a huge difference.

CC150 3.3