1. The time required to execute a program depends on:
• The program
• The compiler
• The instruction set architecture(ISA)
• The hardware implementation
2. The ISA defines:
• The system’s state(e.g. registers, memory, program counter)
• The instrutions the CPU can execute.
• The effect that each of these instructions will have on the system state.
3. Complex Instruction Set Computer(CISC)
4. Reduced Instruction Set Computers(RISC)
5. Architecture: (also instruction set architecture or ISA) The parts of a processor design that one needs to understand to write assembly code.
6. Microarchitecture: Implementation of the architecture.
7. 
8. EIP: Extended Instruction Pointer(IA32)
9. Three Basic Kinds of Instructions
• Performe arthmetic function on register or memory data
• Transfer data between memory and register
• Load data from memory into register
• Store register data into memory
• Transfer control
• Unconditional jumps to/from procedures
• Conditional branches
10. What is A Register?
• A location in the CPU that stores a small amount of data, which can be accessed very quickly(once every clock cycle).
• Registers are at the heart of assembly programming
11. 

【2014-11-22】《The Hardware/Software Interface》– Section 3