JQuery学习笔记(1)
认识JQuery
简介
JQuery是一个JavaScript库,语法简洁,有跨平台的兼容性,简化了开发人员遍历html文档、操作dom、处理事件、执行动画和开发Ajax的操作。理念是:写得少,做得多。
优点
1.轻量级。UglifyJS压缩后大小保持在30KB 2.选择器强大。 3.DOM操作封装。 4.可靠地事件处理机制。 5.完善的Ajax。
库类型
jquery.js(开发版) 约229kb,用于学习和开发。 jquery.min.js(生产版) 约31kb,用于产品和项目。
简单使用
1.页面引入:<scrpit src="http://www.mamicode.com/js/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
2.编写简易代码:$为JQuery的简写形式
$(document).ready(function(){
alert("Hello World!");
});
3.链式操作:
//当点击level下的a时,添加current class,a后的元素显示,它父辈的同辈元素下的子元素a移除current class,其后元素隐藏
$(".level1 > a").click(function(){
$(this).addClass("current").next().show().parent().siblings().children("a").removeClass("current").next().hide();
return false;
}
4.DOM对象和jQuery对象 DOM(Documnet Object Model 文档对象模型),每一份DOM可以表示为一棵树。可以通过JavaScript的getElementsByTagName或者getElementsById来获取元素节点。 jQuery对象:通过jQuery包装DOM对象后产生的对象。jQuery对象可以使用jQuery方法但是无法使用DOM对象的任何方法。 二者变量声明:
var $variable = jQuery对象;
var variable = DOM对象;
选择器
css选择器
css选择器分为标签选择器(td),ID选择器(#td),类选择器(.td),群组选择器(td,p,div.a),后代选择器(#links a) 通配选择器(*)。
jQuery选择器
1.基本选择器
jQuery选择器继承了css风格。jQuery行为规则都必须在获取元素后才能生效。
//通过id选择元素示例
$("#td").css("color","red");
2.层次选择器
通过DOM元素之间的层次关系获取特定元素
//层次选择器示例
//div下的所有span后代元素(后代元素可以是多级,子元素,子子元素等)
$("div span").css("background","$bbffaa");
//div下的所有span子元素
$("div>span").css("background","$bbffaa");
//class为one的next<div>元素
$(".one+div") 等价于$(".one").next("div");
//id为two的的元素后的所有<div>同辈元素
$("#two~div") 等价于$("#two").nextAll("div");
3.过滤选择器
通过特定的过滤规则来筛选出所需的DOM元素。过滤规则与CSS中的伪类选择器语法相同。即一个选择器可以以冒号(:)开头。
//取第一个
$("div:first")
//取索引值为3
$("div:eq(3)")
//当前获取焦点的元素 (blur为失去焦点
$(":focus").css("background",#bbffaa);
4.内容选择器
//含有文本‘我‘的<div>元素
$("div:contains(‘我‘)")
//含有class为mini元素的<div>元素
$("div:has(‘.mini‘)")
$("div:has(p)")
5.属性过滤选择器
//title值等于test的<div>
$("div[title=test]")
//title以st结尾的<div>
$("div[title$=st]")
jQuery中的DOM操作
1.查找元素节点:用选择器完成
//<ul>里第二个<li>
var $li = $("ul li:eq(1)");
var li_txt= $li.text();
alert(li_txt);
2.查找属性节点:用选择器获取元素后,可以用 attr() 方法 获取和设置 它的各种属性值。用 removeAttr() 可删除属性值。
用 text() 方法可以 获取和设置 元素的text值;用 val() 方法可以 获取和设置 元素的值
var $para = $("p");
var p_txt=$para.attr("title");
$para.attr("title","test");
//如果是添加设置class属性的话需要用addClass()方法,移除同理用removeClass()方法
$para.addClass("newclass");
//设置文本可以用text()
$("p").text("text");
//获取
$("p").text();
3.创建元素节点:创建新元素可使用jQuery的工厂函数 $() 来完成,用法为 $( html代码 )
//以添加<li>元素节点为例
var $li_1 = $("<li title=‘test‘>test</li>");
//用append加入到<ul>中
$("ul").append($li_1);
tips:无论 $(html)中的html代码多复杂,都可以使用同样的方式创建。
4.插入节点:
append() 方法外,还有prepend() ,after() ,before()等
5.删除节点:
通过选择器选择元素后,可以通过 .remove() 方法,将节点删除。
detach()方法,它删除后重新追加元素会保留绑定的事件。
empty()方法,清空节点中的所有后代节点。
6.切换样式:
toggle() 方法,可以让元素在两个样式间切换
$("p").togglelClass("another");
点击<p>
后,如果another已经在<p>
的class里了,就删除它;否则就添加它。
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.MathJax_SVG_Display,.md-inline-math .MathJax_SVG_Display { width: auto; margin: inherit; display: inline-block !important }
.MathJax_SVG .MJX-monospace { font-family: monospace }
.MathJax_SVG .MJX-sans-serif { font-family: sans-serif }
.MathJax_SVG { display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px }
.MathJax_SVG * { }
html { font-size: 16px }
body { font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.6 }
#write { max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px 30px 40px 30px; padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 100px }
#write>ul:first-child,#write>ol:first-child { margin-top: 30px }
body>*:first-child { margin-top: 0 !important }
body>*:last-child { margin-bottom: 0 !important }
a { color: #4183C4 }
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { position: relative; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.4; cursor: text }
h1:hover a.anchor,h2:hover a.anchor,h3:hover a.anchor,h4:hover a.anchor,h5:hover a.anchor,h6:hover a.anchor { text-decoration: none }
h1 tt,h1 code { font-size: inherit }
h2 tt,h2 code { font-size: inherit }
h3 tt,h3 code { font-size: inherit }
h4 tt,h4 code { font-size: inherit }
h5 tt,h5 code { font-size: inherit }
h6 tt,h6 code { font-size: inherit }
h1 { padding-bottom: .3em; font-size: 2.25em; line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee }
h2 { padding-bottom: .3em; font-size: 1.75em; line-height: 1.225; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee }
h3 { font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.43 }
h4 { font-size: 1.25em }
h5 { font-size: 1em }
h6 { font-size: 1em; color: #777 }
p,blockquote,ul,ol,dl,table { margin: 0.8em 0 }
li>ol,li>ul { margin: 0 0 }
hr { height: 4px; padding: 0; margin: 16px 0; background-color: #e7e7e7; border: 0 none; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd }
body>h2:first-child { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0 }
body>h1:first-child { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0 }
body>h1:first-child+h2 { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0 }
body>h3:first-child,body>h4:first-child,body>h5:first-child,body>h6:first-child { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0 }
a:first-child h1,a:first-child h2,a:first-child h3,a:first-child h4,a:first-child h5,a:first-child h6 { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0 }
h1 p,h2 p,h3 p,h4 p,h5 p,h6 p { margin-top: 0 }
li p.first { display: inline-block }
ul,ol { padding-left: 30px }
ul:first-child,ol:first-child { margin-top: 0 }
ul:last-child,ol:last-child { margin-bottom: 0 }
blockquote { border-left: 4px solid #dddddd; padding: 0 15px; color: #777777 }
blockquote blockquote { padding-right: 0 }
table { padding: 0 }
table tr { border-top: 1px solid #cccccc; background-color: white; margin: 0; padding: 0 }
table tr:nth-child(2n) { background-color: #f8f8f8 }
table tr th { font-weight: bold; border: 1px solid #cccccc; text-align: left; margin: 0; padding: 6px 13px }
table tr td { border: 1px solid #cccccc; text-align: left; margin: 0; padding: 6px 13px }
table tr th:first-child,table tr td:first-child { margin-top: 0 }
table tr th:last-child,table tr td:last-child { margin-bottom: 0 }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right: 1px solid #ddd }
.md-fences,code,tt { border: 1px solid #ddd; background-color: #f8f8f8; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; padding: 2px 4px 0px 4px; font-size: 0.9em }
.md-fences { margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; padding: 0.2em 1em; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 6px }
.task-list { padding-left: 0 }
.task-list-item { padding-left: 32px }
.task-list-item input { top: 3px; left: 8px }
.md-fences { background-color: #f8f8f8 }
#write pre.md-meta-block { padding: 1rem; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.45; background-color: #f7f7f7; border: 0; color: #777777; margin-top: 0 !important }
.mathjax-block>.code-tooltip { bottom: .375rem }
#write>h3.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: .375rem }
#write>h4.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: .285714286rem }
#write>h5.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: .285714286rem }
#write>h6.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: .285714286rem }
.md-image>.md-meta { border: 1px solid #ddd; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; padding: 2px 4px 0px 4px; font-size: 0.9em; color: inherit }
.md-tag { color: inherit }
.md-toc { margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px }
#typora-quick-open { border: 1px solid #ddd; background-color: #f8f8f8 }
#typora-quick-open-item { background-color: #FAFAFA; border-color: #FEFEFE #e5e5e5 #e5e5e5 #eee; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px }
#md-notification::before { top: 10px }
.on-focus-mode blockquote { border-left-color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 0.12) }
header,.context-menu,.megamenu-content,footer { font-family: "Segoe UI", "Arial", sans-serif }</style>