-C  专用选项：-l: 级别-n #: 设备个数-a {yes|no}: 是否自动为其创建设备文件-c: CHUNK大小, 2^n，默认为64KB,最好为块的倍数 ,为了提高raid 0/5 的性能 mke2fs -E stride=16 -b 4096 /dev/md0 -x #: 指定空闲盘个数

--add, --remove, --failmdadm /dev/md# --fail /dev/sda7

-F

-G

-A

mdadm -D /dev/md#--detail

mdadm -S /dev/md#--stop

rm /dev/md#

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk /dev/xvdbWARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to         switch off the mode (command ‘c‘) and change display units to         sectors (command ‘u‘).Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xc77f92d7    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb4               1        6527    52428096    5  Extended/dev/xvdb5               1         262     2104452   83  Linux/dev/xvdb6             263         655     3156741   83  Linux/dev/xvdb7             656        1048     3156741   83  Linux/dev/xvdb8            1049        1441     3156741   83  Linux/dev/xvdb9            1442        1834     3156741   83  LinuxCommand (m for help): dPartition number (1-9): 4Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xc77f92d7    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  SystemCommand (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)ePartition number (1-4): 4First cylinder (1-6527, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527): Using default value 6527Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xc77f92d7    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb4               1        6527    52428096    5  ExtendedCommand (m for help): nCommand action   l   logical (5 or over)   p   primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (1-6527, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527): +3GCommand (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xc77f92d7    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb4               1        6527    52428096    5  Extended/dev/xvdb5               1         393     3156709+  83  LinuxCommand (m for help): nCommand action   l   logical (5 or over)   p   primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (394-6527, default 394): Using default value 394Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (394-6527, default 6527): +3GCommand (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xc77f92d7    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb4               1        6527    52428096    5  Extended/dev/xvdb5               1         393     3156709+  83  Linux/dev/xvdb6             394         786     3156741   83  LinuxCommand (m for help): tPartition number (1-6): 5Hex code (type L to list codes): l 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris         1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx          5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data     6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / . 7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility    8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt          9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access      a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O         b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor       c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs         e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT             f  W95 Ext‘d (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            1e  Hidden W95 FAT1Hex code (type L to list codes): fdChanged system type of partition 5 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)Command (m for help): tPartition number (1-6): 6Hex code (type L to list codes): fdChanged system type of partition 6 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xc77f92d7    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb4               1        6527    52428096    5  Extended/dev/xvdb5               1         393     3156709+  fd  Linux raid autodetect/dev/xvdb6             394         786     3156741   fd  Linux raid autodetect

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> cat /proc/partitions major minor  #blocks  name 202        0    8388608 xvda 202        1    8385898 xvda1 202       16   52428800 xvdb 202       20          1 xvdb4 202       21    3156709 xvdb5 202       22    3156741 xvdb6 202       32    2097152 xvdc

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 0 -n 2 /dev/xvdb{5,6}mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadatamdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid0] md0 : active raid0 xvdb6[1] xvdb5[0]      6310912 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks      unused devices: <none>

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mke2fs -j /dev/md0mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks395136 inodes, 1577728 blocks78886 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=161900134449 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8064 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:         32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mount /dev/md0 /mnt/root@VM_160_34_centos:~> ll /mnt/total 16drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Nov 21 15:30 lost+found

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk /dev/xvdbWARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to         switch off the mode (command ‘c‘) and change display units to         sectors (command ‘u‘).Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xc77f92d7    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb4               1        6527    52428096    5  Extended/dev/xvdb5               1         393     3156709+  fd  Linux raid autodetect/dev/xvdb6             394         786     3156741   fd  Linux raid autodetectCommand (m for help): nCommand action   l   logical (5 or over)   p   primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (787-6527, default 787): Using default value 787Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (787-6527, default 6527): +1GCommand (m for help): nCommand action   l   logical (5 or over)   p   primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (919-6527, default 919): Using default value 919Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (919-6527, default 6527): +1GCommand (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xc77f92d7    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb4               1        6527    52428096    5  Extended/dev/xvdb5               1         393     3156709+  fd  Linux raid autodetect/dev/xvdb6             394         786     3156741   fd  Linux raid autodetect/dev/xvdb7             787         918     1060258+  83  Linux/dev/xvdb8             919        1050     1060258+  83  LinuxCommand (m for help): tPartition number (1-8): 7Hex code (type L to list codes): fdChanged system type of partition 7 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)Command (m for help): tPartition number (1-8): 8Hex code (type L to list codes): fdChanged system type of partition 8 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xc77f92d7    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb4               1        6527    52428096    5  Extended/dev/xvdb5               1         393     3156709+  fd  Linux raid autodetect/dev/xvdb6             394         786     3156741   fd  Linux raid autodetect/dev/xvdb7             787         918     1060258+  fd  Linux raid autodetect/dev/xvdb8             919        1050     1060258+  fd  Linux raid autodetectCommand (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used atthe next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)Syncing disks.

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mdadm -C /dev/md1 -a yes -l 1 -n 2 /dev/xvdb{7,8}mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and    may not be suitable as a boot device.  If you plan to    store ‘/boot‘ on this device please ensure that    your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use    --metadata=http://www.mamicode.com/0.90

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mdadm -C /dev/md1 -a yes -l 1 -n 2 /dev/xvdb{7,8}mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and    may not be suitable as a boot device.  If you plan to    store ‘/boot‘ on this device please ensure that    your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use    --metadata=http://www.mamicode.com/0.90Continue creating array? ymdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadatamdadm: array /dev/md1 started.

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] md1 : active raid1 xvdb8[1] xvdb7[0]      1059222 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]      [==========>..........]  resync = 54.6% (579524/1059222) finish=0.0min speed=144881K/sec      md0 : active raid0 xvdb6[1] xvdb5[0]      6310912 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks      unused devices: <none>

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mke2fs -j /dev/md1mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks66240 inodes, 264805 blocks13240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=2726297609 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group7360 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:         32768, 98304, 163840, 229376Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (8192 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mount /dev/md1 /storage/root@VM_160_34_centos:~> ll /storage/total 16drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Nov 21 15:51 lost+found

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mdadm -D /dev/md1       /dev/md1:        Version : 1.2  Creation Time : Fri Nov 21 15:48:21 2014     Raid Level : raid1     Array Size : 1059222 (1034.57 MiB 1084.64 MB)  Used Dev Size : 1059222 (1034.57 MiB 1084.64 MB)   Raid Devices : 2  Total Devices : 2    Persistence : Superblock is persistent    Update Time : Fri Nov 21 15:53:44 2014          State : clean  Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0  Spare Devices : 0           Name : VM_160_34_centos:1  (local to host VM_160_34_centos)           UUID : 4e1ea263:6297d669:9d5877af:6e5fc1e0         Events : 17    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State       0     202       23        0      active sync   /dev/xvdb7       1     202       24        1      active sync   /dev/xvdb8

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mdadm -D /dev/md1/dev/md1:        Version : 1.2  Creation Time : Fri Nov 21 15:48:21 2014     Raid Level : raid1     Array Size : 1059222 (1034.57 MiB 1084.64 MB)  Used Dev Size : 1059222 (1034.57 MiB 1084.64 MB)   Raid Devices : 2  Total Devices : 2    Persistence : Superblock is persistent    Update Time : Fri Nov 21 15:57:29 2014          State : clean  Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0  Spare Devices : 0           Name : VM_160_34_centos:1  (local to host VM_160_34_centos)           UUID : 4e1ea263:6297d669:9d5877af:6e5fc1e0         Events : 17    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State       0     202       23        0      active sync   /dev/xvdb7       1     202       24        1      active sync   /dev/xvdb8root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mdadm /dev/md1  -f /dev/xvdb8mdadm: set /dev/xvdb8 faulty in /dev/md1root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mdadm -D /dev/md1/dev/md1:        Version : 1.2  Creation Time : Fri Nov 21 15:48:21 2014     Raid Level : raid1     Array Size : 1059222 (1034.57 MiB 1084.64 MB)  Used Dev Size : 1059222 (1034.57 MiB 1084.64 MB)   Raid Devices : 2  Total Devices : 2    Persistence : Superblock is persistent    Update Time : Fri Nov 21 15:59:05 2014          State : clean, degraded  Active Devices : 1Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1  Spare Devices : 0           Name : VM_160_34_centos:1  (local to host VM_160_34_centos)           UUID : 4e1ea263:6297d669:9d5877af:6e5fc1e0         Events : 18    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State       0     202       23        0      active sync   /dev/xvdb7       1       0        0        1      removed       1     202       24        -      faulty spare   /dev/xvdb8root@VM_160_34_centos:~> cat /storage/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/syncshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdownhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinuucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologingames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologingopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologinftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologinnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologindbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologinvcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologinabrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologinhaldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologinntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologinsaslauth:x:499:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologinsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologintcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologinnscd:x:28:28:NSCD Daemon:/:/sbin/nologinnslcd:x:65:55:LDAP Client User:/:/sbin/nologindd:x:500:500::/home/dd:/bin/bashmysql:x:501:501::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologinvsftpd:x:502:502::/home/vsftpd:/sbin/nologinwww:x:503:503::/storage/www:/sbin/nologinhadoop:x:504:504::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mdadm -D /dev/md1 /dev/md1:        Version : 1.2  Creation Time : Fri Nov 21 15:48:21 2014     Raid Level : raid1     Array Size : 1059222 (1034.57 MiB 1084.64 MB)  Used Dev Size : 1059222 (1034.57 MiB 1084.64 MB)   Raid Devices : 2  Total Devices : 1    Persistence : Superblock is persistent    Update Time : Fri Nov 21 16:01:42 2014          State : clean, degraded  Active Devices : 1Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0  Spare Devices : 0           Name : VM_160_34_centos:1  (local to host VM_160_34_centos)           UUID : 4e1ea263:6297d669:9d5877af:6e5fc1e0         Events : 25    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State       0     202       23        0      active sync   /dev/xvdb7       1       0        0        1      removed

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mdadm /dev/md1 -a /dev/xvdb9mdadm: added /dev/xvdb9root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mdadm -D /dev/md1/dev/md1:        Version : 1.2  Creation Time : Fri Nov 21 15:48:21 2014     Raid Level : raid1     Array Size : 1059222 (1034.57 MiB 1084.64 MB)  Used Dev Size : 1059222 (1034.57 MiB 1084.64 MB)   Raid Devices : 2  Total Devices : 2    Persistence : Superblock is persistent    Update Time : Fri Nov 21 16:04:46 2014          State : clean  Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0  Spare Devices : 0           Name : VM_160_34_centos:1  (local to host VM_160_34_centos)           UUID : 4e1ea263:6297d669:9d5877af:6e5fc1e0         Events : 46    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State       0     202       23        0      active sync   /dev/xvdb7       2     202       25        1      active sync   /dev/xvdb9

将当前RAID信息保存至配置文件，以便以后进行装配：mdamd -D --scan > /etc/mdadm.conf