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PL/SQL学习(一)
原文参考:http://plsql-tutorial.com/
PL/SQL Block consists of three sections:
- The Declaration section (optional).
- The Execution section (mandatory).
- The Exception Handling (or Error) section (optional).
组成:
- 声明部分(可选)
- 执行部分(必选)
- 异常处理(可选)
声明:
DECLARE
执行:
BEGIN
...
END
异常处理:
EXCEPTION
每个语句必须以“;”结束;
PL/SQL Block可嵌套;
/表示执行PL/SQL块;
These are the Advantages of PL/SQL
- Block Structures: PL SQL consists of blocks of code, which can be nested within each other. Each block forms a unit of a task or a logical module. PL/SQL Blocks can be stored in the database and reused.
- Procedural Language Capability: PL SQL consists of procedural language constructs such as conditional statements (if else statements) and loops like (FOR loops).
- Better Performance: PL SQL engine processes multiple SQL statements simultaneously as a single block, thereby reducing network traffic.
- Error Handling: PL/SQL handles errors or exceptions effectively during the execution of a PL/SQL program. Once an exception is caught, specific actions can be taken depending upon the type of the exception or it can be displayed to the user with a message.
优点:
块结构
可嵌套,任务或者逻辑模块的集合,可存储在数据库里重用
支持过程化语言
包含如条件判断语句和循环等过程化语句结构
高性能
多条SQL语句一起执行,减少了网络通信
异常处理
异常发生时,可以指定执行特定操作或者返回异常信息
PL/SQL变量和常量
变量
格式:
variable_name datatype [NOT NULL := value ];
例子:
dept varchar2(10) NOT NULL := “HR Dept”;
指定变量值的两种方式:
1) variable_name:= value;
2)
SELECT column_name
INTO variable_name
FROM table_name
[WHERE condition];
变量范围:
- Local variables -定义在嵌套块里,不能被外部块访问
- Global variables - 定义在外部块里,可以供自己使用,也可以被其里面的嵌套块使用。
常量
格式:
constant_name CONSTANT datatype := VALUE;
例子:
salary_increase CONSTANT number (3) := 10;
PL/SQL学习(一)
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