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【转】Python3中urllib详细使用方法(header,代理,超时,认证,异常处理)

urllib是python的一个获取url(Uniform Resource Locators,统一资源定址器)了,我们可以利用它来抓取远程的数据进行保存哦,下面整理了一些关于urllib使用中的一些关于header,代理,超时,认证,异常处理处理方法,下面一起来看看。

 

python3 抓取网页资源的 N 种方法

1、最简单

1 import urllib.request
2 
3 response = urllib.request.urlopen(http://python.org/)
4 
5 html = response.read()

 

2、使用 Request

1 import urllib.request
2 
3 req = urllib.request.Request(http://python.org/)
4 
5 response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
6 
7 the_page = response.read()

 

3、发送数据

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3
 2 
 3 import urllib.parse
 4 
 5 import urllib.request
 6 
 7 url = http://localhost/login.php 8 
 9 user_agent = Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)10 
11 values = {  act‘ : login‘,  login[email]‘ : abc@abc.com‘,  login[password]‘ : 123456  }
12 
13 data =http://www.mamicode.com/ urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
14 
15 req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)
16 
17 req.add_header(Referer‘, http://www.python.org/)
18 
19 response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
20 
21 the_page = response.read()
22 
23 print(the_page.decode("utf8"))


 

4、发送数据和header

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3
 2 
 3 import urllib.parse
 4 
 5 import urllib.request
 6 
 7 url = http://localhost/login.php 8 
 9 user_agent = Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)10 
11 values = {  act‘ : login‘,  login[email]‘ : abc@abc.com‘,  login[password]‘ : 123456  }
12 
13 headers = { User-Agent : user_agent }
14 
15 data =http://www.mamicode.com/ urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
16 
17 req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)
18 
19 response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
20 
21 the_page = response.read()
22 
23 print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

 

5、http 错误

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3
 2 
 3 import urllib.request
 4 
 5 req = urllib.request.Request(http://python.org/)
 6 
 7 try:  
 8 
 9   urllib.request.urlopen(req)
10 
11 except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
12 
13   print(e.code)
14 
15 print(e.read().decode("utf8"))

 

6、异常处理1

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3
 2 
 3 from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
 4 
 5 from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError
 6 
 7 req = Request(http://www.python.org/)
 8 
 9 try:
10 
11   response = urlopen(req)
12 
13 except HTTPError as e:
14 
15   print(The (www.python.org)server couldn‘t fulfill the request.)
16 
17   print(Error code: , e.code)
18 
19 except URLError as e:
20 
21   print(We failed to reach a server.)
22 
23   print(Reason: , e.reason)
24 
25 else:
26 
27   print("good!")
28 
29   print(response.read().decode("utf8")) 

 

7、异常处理2

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3
 2 
 3 from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
 4 
 5 from urllib.error import  URLError
 6 
 7 req = Request("http://www.python.org/")
 8 
 9 try:
10 
11   response = urlopen(req)
12 
13 except URLError as e:
14 
15   if hasattr(e, reason):
16 
17     print(We failed to reach a server.)
18 
19     print(Reason: , e.reason)
20 
21   elif hasattr(e, code):
22 
23     print(The server couldn‘t fulfill the request.)
24 
25     print(Error code: , e.code)
26 
27 else:  print("good!")
28 
29   print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

 

8、HTTP 认证

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3
 2 
 3 import urllib.request
 4 
 5 # create a password manager
 6 
 7 password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
 8 
 9 # Add the username and password.
10 
11 # If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.
12 
13 top_level_url = "https://www.python.org/"
14 
15 password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, rekfan‘, xxxxxx)
16 
17 handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)
18 
19 # create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)
20 
21 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
22 
23 # use the opener to fetch a URL
24 
25 a_url = "https://www.python.org/"
26 
27 x = opener.open(a_url)
28 
29 print(x.read())
30 
31 # Install the opener.
32 
33 # Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.
34 
35 urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
36 
37 a = urllib.request.urlopen(a_url).read().decode(utf8)
38 
39 print(a)

 

9、使用代理

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3
 2 
 3 import urllib.request
 4 
 5 proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({sock5‘: localhost:1080})
 6 
 7 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)
 8 
 9 urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
10 
11  a = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.python.org/").read().decode("utf8")
12 
13 print(a)

 

10、超时

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3
 2 
 3 import socket
 4 
 5 import urllib.request
 6 
 7 # timeout in seconds
 8 
 9 timeout = 2
10 
11 socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
12 
13 # this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout
14 
15 # we have set in the socket module
16 
17 req = urllib.request.Request(http://www.python.org/)
18 
19 a = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()
20 
21 print(a)

来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/ifso/p/4707135.html

【转】Python3中urllib详细使用方法(header,代理,超时,认证,异常处理)