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归纳整理Linux下C语言常用的库函数----内存及字符串控制及操作

在没有IDE的时候,记住一些常用的库函数的函数名、参数、基本用法及注意事项是很有必要的。

参照Linux_C_HS.chm的目录,我大致将常用的函数分为一下几类:

  • 1. 内存及字符串控制及操作
  • 2. 字符串转换
  • 3. 字符测试
  • 4. 文件操作
  • 5. 时间日期
  • 6. 常用数学函数
  • 7. 文件内容操作
  • 8. 文件权限控制
  • 9. 进程操作
  • 10. 线程操作
  • 11. Socket操作
  • 12. 信号处理
  • 13. 数据结构及算法

 

 

以下是对第一项 内存及字符串控制及操作 的归纳整理。

 

  • 已经不赞成使用的函数归类
**           函数名                                                   用途                                    替换方案*1. int bcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);         compare byte sequences                        memcmp**2. void bcopy(const void *src, void *dest, size_t n);          copy byte sequence                            memcpy Or memmove**3. void bzero(void *s, size_t n);                              write zero-valued bytes                       memset**4. char *index(const char *s, int c);                          locate character in string                    strchr**5. char *rindex(const char *s, int c);                         locate character in string                    strrchr*
  • 内存或字符串查找函数归类
*           函数名                                                   用途                                       备注*1. void *memchr(const void *s, int c, size_t n);       scan memory for a character (Forward)       return a pointer to the matching byte or NULL if the                                                                                                     character does not occur  in  the  given  memory area.**2. void *memrchr(const void *s, int c, size_t n);      scan memory for a character  (Backward)      return a pointer to the matching byte or NULL if the                                                                                                     character does not occur  in  the  given  memory area.**3. char *strchr(const char *s, int c);                 locate character in string  (Forward)        return a pointer to the matched character or NULL if                                                                                                     the character is not found.**4. char *strrchr(const char *s, int c);                locate character in string  (Backward)       return a pointer to the matched character or NULL if                                                                                                     the character is not found.**5. char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);       locate a substring                 return a pointer to the beginning of the substring,                                                                                                     or NULL if the substring is not found.**6. char *strcasestr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);   locate a substring,ignores the     return a pointer to the beginning of the substring,                                                                  case of both arguments.            or NULL if the substring is not found.*
  • 内存及字符串拷贝、比较函数归类
*           函数名                                                  用途                                        备注**1. void *memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);        copy memory area                      The memcpy() function returns a pointer to dest.**2. char *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src);                  copy a string                         return a pointer to the destination string dest.**3. char *strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n);       copy a string                         return a pointer to the destination string dest.**4. void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);       copy memory area , may overlap        returns a pointer to dest.**5. int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);       compare memory areas                  returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the first n bytes of s1 is found**6. int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);                 compare two strings                   return an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is foundfound**7. int strncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);      compare two strings                   UP**8. int strcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);             compare two strings ignoring case     UP**9. int strncasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);  compare two strings ignoring case     UP** 10. char *strdup(const char *s);                              duplicate a string                     returns a pointer to a new string which is a duplicate of the string s.  Memory for the new string is obtained with* 
  • 内存或字符串连接、分割、求长等函数归类
*           函数名                                                  用途                                            备注*1. char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src);                  concatenate two strings                 return a pointer to the resulting string dest**2. char *strncat(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n);       UP                                      UP**3. char *strtok(char *str, const char *delim);                 extract tokens from strings             第一次调用时,str必须不为空,第二次调用str必须为空**4. char *strtok_r(char *str, const char *delim, char **saveptr);   可重入函数,线程安全                推荐使用这个分割函数,具体讨论见http://blog.csdn.net/liuintermilan/article/details/6283705*

 

以上,就是对第一项的整理归纳。接下来,会对第二项 字符串转换  进行归纳。

 

归纳整理Linux下C语言常用的库函数----内存及字符串控制及操作