先定义表类型：

CREATE TYPE t_bak_tables AS TABLE(table_name VARCHAR(200))

然后再定义备份过程：

CREATE PROC sp_bak_tables @tbs t_bak_tables READONLY, @bak_path VARCHAR(200) AS
DECLARE @now VARCHAR(8) = CONVERT(VARCHAR(8),GETDATE(),112), @tb_name VARCHAR(100)
DECLARE @bak_db_name VARCHAR(100) = ‘db_bak_‘ + @now
EXEC(‘CREATE DATABASE ‘ + @bak_db_name)
DECLARE c_tbs CURSOR LOCAL FOR SELECT * FROM @tbs
OPEN c_tbs
FETCH NEXT FROM c_tbs INTO @tb_name
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
	DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(1000) = ‘SELECT * INTO ‘ + @bak_db_name + ‘.dbo.‘ + REPLACE(@tb_name,‘.‘,‘_‘) + ‘ FROM ‘ + @tb_name
  EXEC(@sql)
  FETCH NEXT FROM c_tbs INTO @tb_name
END
CLOSE c_tbs  
DEALLOCATE c_tbs
DECLARE @bak_file VARCHAR(100) = @bak_path + ‘db_bak_‘ + @now + ‘_‘ + CAST(DATEDIFF(s,{d‘1970-01-01‘},GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(100)) + ‘.bak‘
EXEC(‘BACKUP DATABASE ‘ + @bak_db_name + ‘ TO DISK = ‘‘‘ + @bak_file + ‘‘‘‘)
EXEC(‘DROP DATABASE ‘ + @bak_db_name)

最后调用方法如下：

DECLARE @tmp_tb bak_tables
INSERT INTO @tmp_tb VALUES (‘table_a‘),(‘table_b‘)
EXEC sp_bak_tables @tmp_tb ‘D:\BACKUP\‘

参考： SQL Server 备份、还原、附加、分离数据库 批量语句

SQLServer备份指定表