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在Linux服务器上安装lxml

最近新接的活,第一个任务是处理一堆xml格式的专利文件,把里面的有效信息提取出来

因为公司的相关规定不允许把文件down到本地处理,只能在对方提供的远程服务器上写代码

由于xml里面的元素是XXX:YYYY这种带前缀的格式,用xml.etree的ElementTree死活解析不出来,最后从OverStack上找到了解释

ElementTree is not too smart about namespaces. You need to give the .find()findall() and iterfind() methods an explicit namespace dictionary. This is not documented very well:

namespaces = {‘owl‘: ‘http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#‘} # add more as needed

root.findall(‘owl:Class‘, namespaces)

Prefixes are only looked up in the namespaces parameter you pass in. This means you can use any namespace prefix you like; the API splits off the owl: part, looks up the corresponding namespace URL in the namespaces dictionary, then changes the search to look for the XPath expression {http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl}Class instead.

If you can switch to the lxml library things are better; that library supports the same ElementTree API, but collects namespaces for you in a .nsmap attribute on elements.

于是果断去装lxml

服务器上已经装了python2.7,然而除此之外的东西全都没有,因此又手动装了pip

执行pip install lxml 报了一大堆错,注意到:

Could not find function xmlCheckVersion in library libxml2. Is libxml2 installed?

查到lxml还需要先安装依赖库libxml2和libxslt的开发版

yum install libxml2-devel

yum install libxslt-devel

安装好依赖库后pip还是报错

这次又认真读了一遍错误信息发现前面居然还有一行:

unable to execute gcc: No such file or directory

好吧,连gcc都没有安装,难怪无法编译

yum install gcc

安装好以后pip install,居然,还是报错!

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:84:20: 致命错误:Python.h:没有那个文件或目录

再查资料,原来还需要安装一个python-devel,这是Python的头文件和静态库包

yum install python-devel

安装完之后再次pip install lxml

终于见到了喜闻乐见的

Successfully installed lxml

至此,linux下的lxml安装完成

在Linux服务器上安装lxml