MySQL 5.7--------SSL连接最佳实战

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MySQL 5.7--------SSL连接最佳实战

2024-10-14 04:41:39 216人阅读

MySQL 5.7--------SSL连接最佳实战

1. 背景

* 在生产环境下，安全总是无法忽视的问题，数据库安全则是重中之重，因为所有的数据都存放在数据库中

* 当使用非加密方式连接MySQL数据库时，在网络中传输的所有信息都是明文的，可以被网络中所有人截取，敏感信息可能被泄露。在传送敏感信息（如密码）时，可以采用SSL连接的方式。

* 版本小于5.7.6时按照 MySQL 5.6 SSL配置的方式进行。

2. MySQL 连接方式

* socket连接

* TCP非SSL连接

* SSL安全连接

* SSL + 密码连接 [version > MySQL 5.7.5]

　　 * SSL + 密码 + 密钥连接

3. SSL 简介

* SSL指的是SSL/TLS，其是一种为了在计算机网络进行安全通信的加密协议。假设用户的传输不是通过SSL的方式，那么其在网络中以明文的方式进行传输，而这给别有用心的人带来了可乘之机。所以，现在很多网站其实默认已经开启了SSL功能，比如Facebook、Twtter、YouTube、淘宝等。

技术分享

4. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]

* system 环境

[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS release 6.9 (Final)

[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64

[root@MySQL ~]# getenforce

Disabled

* MySQL 环境 [ MySQL 5.7安装前面篇章已做详细介绍 ]

have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为DISABLED表示ssl未开启

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -p‘123‘

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 6

Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select version();

+-----------+

| version() |

+-----------+

| 5.7.18 |

+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like ‘have%ssl%‘;

+---------------+----------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+----------+

| have_openssl | DISABLED |

| have_ssl | DISABLED |

+---------------+----------+

2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> show variables like ‘port‘;

+---------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

| port | 3306 |

+---------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> show variables like ‘datadir‘;

+---------------+-------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------------------+

| datadir | /data/mysql_data/ |

+---------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

5. SSL配置

* 利用自带工具生成SSL相关文件

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/data/mysql_data

Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key

..........................................................................+++

.....+++

writing new private key to ‘ca-key.pem‘

-----

Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key

.......................................................................................................................................................................+++

...+++

writing new private key to ‘server-key.pem‘

-----

Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key

.....................+++

...........................................+++

writing new private key to ‘client-key.pem‘

-----

* 查看生成的SSL文件

[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem

-rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem

-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem

-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem

-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem

* 重启 MySQL 服务

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

* 连接MySQL 查看SSL开启状态

have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为YES表示ssl开启成功

mysql> show variables like ‘have%ssl%‘;

+---------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

| have_openssl | YES |

| have_ssl | YES |

+---------------+-------+

2 rows in set (0.03 sec)

6. SSL + 密码连接测试

* 创建用户并指定 SSL 连接 [ MySQL 5.7后推荐使用create user 方式创建用户 ]

mysql> create user ‘ssl_test‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘123‘ require SSL;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 通过密码连接测试 [ 默认采用SSL连接，需要指定不使用SSL连接 ]

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p‘123‘ --ssl=0

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘ssl_test‘@‘192.168.60.129‘ (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL + 密码连接测试

SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过SSL连接

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p‘123‘ --ssl

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

WARNING: --ssl is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use --ssl-mode instead.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 12

Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> \s

--------------

mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id: 12

Current database:

Current user: ssl_test@192.168.60.129

SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA

Current pager: stdout

Using outfile: ‘‘

Using delimiter: ;

Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Protocol version: 10

Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP

Server characterset: latin1

Db characterset: latin1

Client characterset: utf8

Conn. characterset: utf8

TCP port: 3306

Uptime: 7 min 34 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 29  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 112  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 105  Queries per second avg: 0.063

--------------

7. SSL + 密码 + 密钥连接

* 创建用户并指定 X509 [ SSL+密钥 ] 连接 [ MySQL 5.7后推荐使用create user 方式创建用户 ]

mysql> create user ‘X509_test‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘123‘ require X509;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 通过密码连接测试

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p‘123‘ --ssl=0

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘X509_test‘@‘192.168.60.129‘ (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL +密码连接测试

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p‘123‘ --ssl

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘X509_test‘@‘192.168.60.129‘ (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL + 密码＋密钥连接测试

　 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过SSL连接

[root@MySQL ~]

# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p‘123‘ --ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 21

Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> \s

--------------

mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id: 21

Current database:

Current user: X509_test@192.168.60.129

SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA

Current pager: stdout

Using outfile: ‘‘

Using delimiter: ;

Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Protocol version: 10

Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP

Server characterset: latin1

Db characterset: latin1

Client characterset: utf8

Conn. characterset: utf8

TCP port: 3306

Uptime: 18 min 27 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 40  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 118  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 111  Queries per second avg: 0.036

--------------

MySQL 5.7--------SSL连接最佳实战

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MySQL 5.7--------SSL连接最佳实战

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