玩转单元測试之WireMock -- Web服务模拟器

首页 > 代码库 > 玩转单元測试之WireMock -- Web服务模拟器

玩转单元測试之WireMock -- Web服务模拟器

2024-10-19 15:18:39 208人阅读

WireMock 是一个灵活的库用于 Web 服务測试，和其它測试工具不同的是。WireMock 创建一个实际的 HTTPserver来执行你的 Web 服务以方便測试。

它支持 HTTP 响应存根、请求验证、代理/拦截、记录和回放。而且能够在单元測试下使用或者部署到測试环境。

它能够用在哪些场景下：

測试移动应用依赖于第三方REST APIs
创建高速原型的APIs
注入否则难于模拟第三方服务中的错误
不论什么单元測试的代码依赖于web服务的

文件夹
   前提条件
   Maven配置
   准备工作
   Examples
   Troubleshooting
   參考

前提条件

JDK 1.7

Maven 3

Maven配置

pom里加入下面的dependencies

<dependency>
      <groupId>com.github.tomakehurst</groupId>
      <artifactId>wiremock</artifactId>
      <version>1.53</version>
      <classifier>standalone</classifier>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.8</version>
</dependency>

假设有依赖冲突，能够exclued 掉冲突的依赖，配置例如以下

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.tomakehurst</groupId>
    <artifactId>wiremock</artifactId>
    <version>1.53</version>

    <!-- Include everything below here if you have dependency conflicts -->
    <classifier>standalone</classifier>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
          <artifactId>jetty</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
          <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
          <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>org.skyscreamer</groupId>
          <artifactId>jsonassert</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>xmlunit</groupId>
          <artifactId>xmlunit</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
          <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>net.sf.jopt-simple</groupId>
          <artifactId>jopt-simple</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
     </exclusions>
</dependency>

准备工作

首先我写了一个类HTTPRequestor用来运行Http request訪问Rest服务的。然后我须要一个Rest服务来測试我写的类是否ok, 但我手上没有一个真实的Rest web service, 所以WireMock就能够出场了，模拟一个Rest web serivce来測试我这个类。

HTTPRequestor例如以下：

 1 package com.demo.HttpRequestor;
 2 
 3 import static com.jayway.restassured.RestAssured.given;
 4 
 5 import java.util.HashMap;
 6 import java.util.Map;
 7 
 8 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 9 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
10 
11 import com.jayway.restassured.response.Response;
12 import com.jayway.restassured.specification.RequestSpecification;
13 
14 /**
15  * Wrapper for RestAssured. Perform an HTTP requests.
16  * 
17  * @author wadexu
18  *
19  */
20 public class HTTPRequestor {
21 
22         protected static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HTTPRequestor.class);
23     private RequestSpecification reqSpec;
24     
25 
26     /**
27      * Constructor. Initializes the RequestSpecification (relaxedHTTPSValidation
28      * avoids certificate errors).
29      * 
30      */
31     public HTTPRequestor() {
32         reqSpec = given().relaxedHTTPSValidation();
33     }
34 
35     public HTTPRequestor(String proxy) {
36         reqSpec = given().relaxedHTTPSValidation().proxy(proxy);
37     }
38 
39     /**
40      * Performs the request using the stored request data and then returns the response
41      * 
42      * @param url
43      * @param method
44      * @param headers
45      * @param body
46      * @return response Response, will contain entire response (response string and status code).
47      * @throws Exception
48      */
49     public Response perform_request(String url, String method, HashMap<String, String> headers, String body) throws Exception {
50         
51         Response response = null;
52         
53         try {
54 
55           for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry: headers.entrySet()) {
56             reqSpec.header(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
57           }
58       
59           switch(method) {
60       
61             case "GET": {
62               response = reqSpec.get(url);
63               break;
64             }
65             case "POST": {
66               response = reqSpec.body(body).post(url);
67               break;
68             }
69             case "PUT": {
70               response = reqSpec.body(body).put(url);
71               break;
72             }
73             case "DELETE": {
74               response = reqSpec.delete(url);
75               break;
76             }
77       
78             default: {
79               logger.error("Unknown call type: [" + method + "]");
80             }
81           }
82           
83         } catch (Exception e) {
84           logger.error("Problem performing request: ", e);
85         }
86 
87         return response;
88       }
89 }

这个类是须要依赖 jayway 的 rest-assured包的

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.jayway.restassured</groupId>
            <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

Examples

新建一个測试类HTTPRequestorMockTest

new 一个 WireMockService 配置一下然后启动

        wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8090));
        WireMock.configureFor("localhost", 8090);
        wireMockServer.start();

在測试方法之前

创建存根, 指明是GET方法，URL路径, Header的内容，会返回什么样的Response

    @BeforeTest
    public void stubRequests() {
      stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/cars/Chevy"))
              .withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
              .withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
                      .willReturn(aResponse()
                                  .withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
                                  .withStatus(200)
                                  .withBody("{\"message\":\"Chevy car response body\"}")
                                 )
             );
    }

##转载注明出处： http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4299710.html

一切都模拟好了，接下来開始測试了。測试方法例如以下

@Test
    public void test_Get_Method() {
        
        String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Chevy";
        String method = "GET";
        String body = "";
        
        HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
        headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
        headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
        
        HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
        Response response = null;
        
        try {
                response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
        } catch (Exception e) {
                fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
        }
        
        assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
        assertEquals("Chevy car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
        
    }

上面的样例是GET，没有请求体。以下我们来看POST的样例

同理创建存根

RequestBody如果为"Mini Cooper"

 stubFor(post(urlEqualTo("/cars/Mini"))
              .withHeader("Authorization", equalTo("Basic d8d74jf82o929d"))
              .withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
              .withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
              .withRequestBody(equalTo("Mini Cooper"))
                      .willReturn(aResponse()
                                  .withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
                                  .withStatus(200)
                                  .withBody("{\"message\":\"Mini Cooper car response body\", \"success\":true}")
                                 )
             );

測试方法例如以下：

 @Test
    public void test_Post_Method() {
        
        String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Mini";
        String method = "POST";
        String body = "Mini Cooper";
        
        HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
        headers.put("Authorization", "Basic d8d74jf82o929d");
        headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
        headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
        
        HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
        Response response = null;
        
        try {
                response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
        } catch (Exception e) {
                fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
        }
        
        assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
        assertEquals("Mini Cooper car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
        assertEquals(true, response.jsonPath().get("success"));
        
    }

PUT 和 DELETE 都是一样的道理，有兴趣的读者能够自行练习。

測试结束之后不要忘记tear down，停掉WireMockServer

@AfterTest(alwaysRun=true)
    public void tearDown() {    
      wireMockServer.stop();
      wireMockServer.shutdown();
    }

贴出我的整个測试类 (两个測试方法都须要相同的參数，所以能够用@DataProvider的方式来改进。我这里就不具体阐述了)

1 package com.demo.mocktest;
  2 
  3 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.aResponse;
  4 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.equalTo;
  5 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.get;
  6 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.post;
  7 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.stubFor;
  8 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.urlEqualTo;
  9 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.core.WireMockConfiguration.wireMockConfig;
 10 import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;
 11 import static org.testng.Assert.fail;
 12 
 13 import java.util.HashMap;
 14 
 15 import org.testng.ITest;
 16 import org.testng.annotations.AfterTest;
 17 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
 18 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 19 
 20 import com.demo.HttpRequestor.HTTPRequestor;
 21 import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.WireMockServer;
 22 import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock;
 23 import com.jayway.restassured.response.Response;
 24 
 25 public class HTTPRequestorMockTest implements ITest{
 26     
 27     private WireMockServer wireMockServer;
 28     
 29     @Override
 30     public String getTestName() {
 31       return "Mock Test";
 32     }
 33     
 34     public HTTPRequestorMockTest() {
 35         wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8090));
 36         WireMock.configureFor("localhost", 8090);
 37         wireMockServer.start();  
 38     }
 39     
 40     @BeforeTest
 41     public void stubRequests() {
 42       stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/cars/Chevy"))
 43               .withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
 44               .withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
 45                       .willReturn(aResponse()
 46                                   .withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
 47                                   .withStatus(200)
 48                                   .withBody("{\"message\":\"Chevy car response body\"}")
 49                                  )
 50              );
 51       
 52       stubFor(post(urlEqualTo("/cars/Mini"))
 53               .withHeader("Authorization", equalTo("Basic d8d74jf82o929d"))
 54               .withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
 55               .withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
 56               .withRequestBody(equalTo("Mini Cooper"))
 57                       .willReturn(aResponse()
 58                                   .withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
 59                                   .withStatus(200)
 60                                   .withBody("{\"message\":\"Mini Cooper car response body\", \"success\":true}")
 61                                  )
 62              );
 63     }
 64     
 65     @Test
 66     public void test_Get_Method() {
 67         
 68         String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Chevy";
 69         String method = "GET";
 70         String body = "";
 71         
 72         HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
 73         headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
 74         headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
 75         
 76         
 77         HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
 78         Response response = null;
 79         
 80         try {
 81                 response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
 82         } catch (Exception e) {
 83                 fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
 84         }
 85         
 86         assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
 87         assertEquals("Chevy car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
 88         
 89     }
 90     
 91     @Test
 92     public void test_Post_Method() {
 93         
 94         String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Mini";
 95         String method = "POST";
 96         String body = "Mini Cooper";
 97         
 98         HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
 99         headers.put("Authorization", "Basic d8d74jf82o929d");
100         headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
101         headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
102         
103         HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
104         Response response = null;
105         
106         try {
107                 response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
108         } catch (Exception e) {
109                 fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
110         }
111         
112         assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
113         assertEquals("Mini Cooper car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
114         assertEquals(true, response.jsonPath().get("success"));
115         
116     }
117     
118     @AfterTest(alwaysRun=true)
119     public void tearDown() {    
120       wireMockServer.stop();
121       wireMockServer.shutdown();
122     }
123 
124 }

##转载注明出处： http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4299710.html

Run as TestNG

測试结果例如以下：

PASSED: Mock Test
PASSED: Mock Test

===============================================
    Default test
    Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.JUnitReportReporter@26b923ee: 7 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by [TestListenerAdapter] Passed:0 Failed:0 Skipped:0]: 1 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.EmailableReporter@512f0124: 5 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.XMLReporter@5a4ec51c: 7 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.SuiteHTMLReporter@5706937e: 31 ms

技术分享

Troubleshooting

HTTPRequestor类第59行报错Cannot switch on a value of type String for source level below 1.7. Only convertible int values or enum constants are permitted

--- Java Build Path 设置 JRE System library 1.7 以上

Static import 例如以下：

import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.aResponse;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.equalTo;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.get;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.post;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.stubFor;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.urlEqualTo;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.core.WireMockConfiguration.wireMockConfig;

參考

官方文档：http://wiremock.org/

本文同一时候发表在博客园 http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4299710.html

玩转单元測试之WireMock -- Web服务模拟器

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