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Java学习笔记-13.创建窗口和程序片

1.init()方法:程序片第一次被创建,初次运行初始化程序片时调用。

    start()方法:每当程序片进入web浏览器中,并且允许程序片启动他的常规操作时调用(特殊的程序片被stop()关闭);同样在init()后调用。

     paint()方法:基础类Component的一部分(继承结构中上朔三级)。作为update()的一部分调用,以便对程序片的画布进行特殊的描绘。

     stop()方法:每次程序片从web浏览器的视线中离开时调用,时程序片能关闭代价高昂的操作;同样在调用destroy()前调用。

     destroy()方法:程序片不再需要,将它从页面中卸载时调用。

2.事件模型:(1)先在类中添加addXXXXXListener()方法。

                     (2)重写执行接口的方法。

package thirteen;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import java.applet.*;public class Button2New extends Applet {    Button b1 = new Button("button1"), b2 = new Button("button2");    public void init() {        b1.addActionListener(new B1());        b2.addActionListener(new B2());        add(b1);        add(b2);    }    class B1 implements ActionListener {        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {            getAppletContext().showStatus("BUTTon1");        }    }    class B2 implements ActionListener {        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {            getAppletContext().showStatus("Button2");        }    }}

3.制作窗口:(1)main()方法中新建一个Frame类,并将applet的衍生类给其初始化。

                     (2)继承WindowAdapter类,并重写windowClosing()方法。

                     (3)执行Frame的setVisible()方法。

package thirteen;import java.applet.*;import java.applet.*;import java.awt.BorderLayout;import java.awt.Button;import java.awt.TextField;import java.awt.Desktop.Action;import java.awt.Frame;import java.awt.event.*;import java.time.temporal.TemporalQueries;import javax.swing.table.TableRowSorter;import org.omg.CORBA.FloatSeqHelper;public class TextNew extends Applet {    Button b1 = new Button("Get Text"), b2 = new Button("Set Text");    TextField t1 = new TextField(30), t2 = new TextField(30), t3 = new TextField(30);    String s = new String();    public void init() {        b1.addActionListener(new B1());        b2.addActionListener(new B2());        t1.addTextListener(new T1());        t1.addActionListener(new T1A());        t1.addKeyListener(new T1K());        add(b1);        add(b2);        add(t1);        add(t2);        add(t3);    }    class T1 implements TextListener {        public void textValueChanged(TextEvent e) {            t2.setText(t1.getText());        }    }    class T1A implements ActionListener {        private int count = 0;        @Override        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根            t3.setText("t1 Action Event " + count++);        }    }    class T1K extends KeyAdapter {        public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {            String tString = t1.getText();            if (e.getKeyChar() == KeyEvent.VK_BACK_SPACE) {                if (tString.length() > 0) {                    tString = tString.substring(0, tString.length() - 1);                    t1.setText(tString);                }            }else                t1.setText(t1.getText()+Character.toUpperCase(e.getKeyChar()));            t1.setCaretPosition(t1.getText().length());            e.consume();        }    }        class B1 implements ActionListener{        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){            s=t1.getSelectedText();            if(s.length()==0)s=t1.getText();            t1.setEditable(true);        }    }    class B2 implements ActionListener{        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){            t1.setText("Insert by Button2:"+s);            t1.setEditable(false);;        }    }        public static void main(String[] args){        TextNew applet=new TextNew();        Frame aFrame=new Frame("TextNew");        aFrame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){                System.exit(0);            }        });        aFrame.add(applet, BorderLayout.CENTER);        aFrame.setSize(300,200);        applet.init();        applet.start();        aFrame.setVisible(true);    }}

4.JavaBean要求:

(1)所有的类必须放在一个包中,在web中没有包是不存在的。

(2)所有的类必须声明为public class,这样才能够被外部访问。

(3)类中所有的属性都必须封装,使用private声明。

(4)封装的属性如果需要被外部所操作,则必须编写对应的setter,getter方法。

(5)一个JavaBean中至少存在一个无参构造方法。

5.Swing各种边框的一个例子:

package thirteen;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import javax.swing.*;import javax.swing.border.*;public class Borders extends JPanel {    static JPanel showBorder(Border b) {        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel();        jPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());        String nm = b.getClass().toString();        nm = nm.substring(nm.lastIndexOf(‘.‘) + 1);        jPanel.add(new JLabel(nm, JLabel.CENTER), BorderLayout.CENTER);        jPanel.setBorder(b);        return jPanel;    }    public Borders() {        setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 4));        add(showBorder(new TitledBorder("Title")));        add(showBorder(new EtchedBorder()));        add(showBorder(new LineBorder(Color.blue)));        add(showBorder(new MatteBorder(5, 5, 30, 30, Color.green)));        add(showBorder(new BevelBorder(BevelBorder.RAISED)));        add(showBorder(new SoftBevelBorder(BevelBorder.LOWERED)));        add(showBorder(new CompoundBorder(new EtchedBorder(), new LineBorder(Color.red))));    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        Show.inFrame(new Borders(), 500, 300);    }     static class Show {        public static void inFrame(JPanel jPanel, int width, int height) {            String title = jPanel.getClass().toString();            if (title.indexOf("class") != -1)                title = title.substring(6);            JFrame frame = new JFrame(title);            frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {                public void WindowClosing(WindowEvent e) {                    System.exit(0);                }            });            frame.getContentPane().add(jPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);            frame.setSize(width, height);            frame.setVisible(true);        }    }}

Java学习笔记-13.创建窗口和程序片