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C#结构体的使用
C#结构体的使用
结构体:相当于是我们自己定义的一种复杂的类型。
常见简单类型:int... double float bool char string
常见复杂类型:DateTime 数组类型
生活中大部份的对象都是复合型的对象。
如何定义结构体类型?
一般来说结构体的定义要放在class的外面或class的里面,尽量不放在Main的里面。
struct 自定义类型名
{
public 变量类型 变量名;
......;
......;
......;
}
例如:
struct YuanGong //自定义的数据类型。用来描述员工的信息。
{
public string NO;
public string Name;
public int Age;
public string Nation;
public bool Sex;
}
如何用自定义的类型来定义变量?
自定义类型名 变量 = new 自定义类型名();
如何使用自定义类型的变量?
变量.子变量 = "xxxx";
Console.WriteLine(变量名.子变量);
例如:
//定义自定义类型的变量
YuanGong zhangsan = new YuanGong();
//给变量赋值
zhangsan.NO = "Y001";
zhangsan.Name = "张三";
zhangsan.Age = 22;
zhangsan.Sex = true;
zhangsan.Nation = "汉族";
//对变量取值
Console.WriteLine(zhangsan.NO+"\t"+zhangsan.Name+"\t"+zhangsan.Age);
Console.WriteLine(zhangsan.Nation+"\t"+(zhangsan.Sex?"男":"女"));
例题1.描述员工信息
struct YuanGong //自定义的数据类型。用来描述员工的信息。 { public string NO; public string Name; public int Age; public string Nation; public bool Sex; public LianXiFangShi LianXi; } struct LianXiFangShi { public string QQ; public string WeiXin; public string Email; public string Telephone; public string Address; public string ZipCode; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { YuanGong zhangsan = new YuanGong(); zhangsan.NO = "Y001"; zhangsan.Name = "张三"; zhangsan.Age = 22; zhangsan.Sex = true; zhangsan.Nation = "汉族"; zhangsan.LianXi.QQ = "434354546"; //zhangsan.LianXi.WeiXin = "张三三"; //zhangsan.LianXi.Email = "zhangsan@tom.com"; zhangsan.LianXi.Address = "张店区张家胡同"; zhangsan.LianXi.ZipCode = "25000"; zhangsan.LianXi.Telephone = ""; YuanGong lisi = new YuanGong(); lisi.NO = "Y002"; lisi.Name = "李四"; lisi.Age = 25; lisi.Sex =false; lisi.Nation = "回族"; Console.WriteLine("**********张三的个人信息***********"); Console.WriteLine(zhangsan.NO+"\t"+zhangsan.Name+"\t"+zhangsan.Age); Console.WriteLine(zhangsan.Nation+"\t"+(zhangsan.Sex?"男":"女")); Console.WriteLine("联系方式:"); Console.WriteLine( "QQ:"+(zhangsan.LianXi.QQ==null?"无":zhangsan.LianXi.QQ)+"\t"//若没输入qq,打印“无” +"微信:"+(zhangsan.LianXi.WeiXin == null?"无":zhangsan.LianXi.WeiXin)+"\t" +"手机:"+(zhangsan.LianXi.Telephone==null?"无":zhangsan.LianXi.Telephone)+"\t" +"邮箱:"+(zhangsan.LianXi.Email==null?"无":zhangsan.LianXi.Email)+"\t" +"地址:"+zhangsan.LianXi.Address+"\t"+zhangsan.LianXi.ZipCode); }
例题、两人对战游戏
struct Ren { public string Name; public int Blood; public int Attack; public int Defend; public int Quick; } struct WuGong { public string Name; public int Attack; } static void Main(string[] args) { WuGong[] wg = new WuGong[3]; wg[0].Name = "辟邪剑法"; wg[0].Attack = 500; wg[1].Name = "降龙十八掌"; wg[1].Attack = 600; wg[2].Name = "暗然消魂掌"; wg[2].Attack = 400; Ren r1 = new Ren(); Ren r2 = new Ren(); //初化两个战斗人员的属性。 Console.Write("请输入第一个战士姓名:"); r1.Name = Console.ReadLine(); Console.Write("请输入第二个战士姓名:"); r2.Name = Console.ReadLine(); //生成血量 Random rand = new Random(); r1.Blood = rand.Next(1000) + 1000; r2.Blood = rand.Next(1000) + 1000; //生成攻防 r1.Attack = rand.Next(50) + 50; r2.Attack = rand.Next(50) + 50; r1.Defend = rand.Next(50) + 50; r2.Defend = rand.Next(50) + 50; //生成身法 r1.Quick = rand.Next(100); r2.Quick = rand.Next(100); Console.WriteLine("姓名:" + r1.Name + "\t生命力:" + r1.Blood+"\t攻击力:"+r1.Attack+"\t防御力:"+r1.Defend+"\t敏捷度:"+r1.Quick); Console.WriteLine("VS"); Console.WriteLine("姓名:" + r2.Name + "\t生命力:" + r2.Blood + "\t攻击力:" + r2.Attack + "\t防御力:" + r2.Defend + "\t敏捷度:" + r2.Quick); Console.WriteLine("按任意键开始..."); Console.ReadKey(); while(true) { //跳出循环。 if(r1.Blood <=0 && r2.Blood<=0) { Console.WriteLine(r1.Name+"与"+r2.Name+"同归于尽了!"); break; } if(r1.Blood<=0) { Console.WriteLine(r2.Name+"把"+r1.Name+"KO了~!"); break; } if (r2.Blood <= 0) { Console.WriteLine(r1.Name + "把" + r2.Name + "KO了~!"); break; } //对战 //大招 int dz1 = rand.Next(10); //r2的大招 if (dz1 >= 8) //大招 { WuGong w1 = wg[rand.Next(3)]; int b1 = rand.Next(100); //r1失掉的血 int gj1 = rand.Next(100) - 50; //为了浮动r1的攻击 int fy1 = rand.Next(100) - 50;//为了浮动r2的防御 b1 = (b1 + (r2.Attack + gj1+w1.Attack) - (r1.Defend + fy1)) < 0 ? 0 : (b1 + (r2.Attack + gj1+w1.Attack) - (r1.Defend + fy1)); r1.Blood -= b1; if (r1.Blood < 0) { r1.Blood = 0; } //稍待一下。 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000); Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red; Console.WriteLine(r2.Name + "使用大招"+w1.Name+"发起攻击," + r1.Name + "失掉生命力" + b1 + "点!"); Console.ResetColor(); Console.WriteLine(); } else //平常招式 { int sf1 = rand.Next(80); if (r1.Quick - sf1 >= 0) { Console.WriteLine(r1.Name + "躲过了" + r2.Name + "攻击"); } else { int b1 = rand.Next(100); //r1失掉的血 int gj1 = rand.Next(100) - 50; //为了浮动r1的攻击 int fy1 = rand.Next(100) - 50;//为了浮动r2的防御 b1 = (b1 + (r2.Attack + gj1) - (r1.Defend + fy1)) < 0 ? 0 : (b1 + (r2.Attack + gj1) - (r1.Defend + fy1)); r1.Blood -= b1; if (r1.Blood < 0) { r1.Blood = 0; } //稍待一下。 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000); Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red; Console.WriteLine(r2.Name + "发起攻击," + r1.Name + "失掉生命力" + b1 + "点!"); Console.ResetColor(); Console.WriteLine(); } } //稍待一下。 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000); int dz2 = rand.Next(10); //r2的大招 if (dz2 >= 8) //大招 { WuGong w1 = wg[rand.Next(3)]; int b2 = rand.Next(100); //r1失掉的血 int gj1 = rand.Next(100) - 50; //为了浮动r1的攻击 int fy1 = rand.Next(100) - 50;//为了浮动r2的防御 b2 = (b2 + (r1.Attack + gj1 + w1.Attack) - (r2.Defend + fy1)) < 0 ? 0 : (b2 + (r1.Attack + gj1 + w1.Attack) - (r2.Defend + fy1)); r2.Blood -= b2; if (r2.Blood < 0) { r2.Blood = 0; } //稍待一下。 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000); Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red; Console.WriteLine(r1.Name + "使用大招" + w1.Name + "发起攻击," + r2.Name + "失掉生命力" + b2 + "点!"); Console.ResetColor(); Console.WriteLine(); } else { int sf2 = rand.Next(80); if (r2.Quick - sf2 >= 0) { Console.WriteLine(r2.Name + "躲过了" + r1.Name + "攻击"); } else { int b2 = rand.Next(100);//r2失掉的血 int gj2 = rand.Next(100) - 50; //为了浮动r1的攻击 int fy2 = rand.Next(100) - 50;//为了浮动r2的防御 b2 = (b2 + (r1.Attack + gj2) - (r2.Defend + fy2)) < 0 ? 0 : (b2 + (r1.Attack + gj2) - (r2.Defend + fy2)); r2.Blood -= b2; if (r2.Blood < 0) { r2.Blood = 0; } Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Blue; Console.WriteLine(r1.Name + "发起攻击," + r2.Name + "失掉生命力" + b2 + "点!"); Console.ResetColor(); Console.WriteLine(); } } Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow; Console.Write("姓名:" + r1.Name + "生命力:" + r1.Blood + "\t"); Console.Write("姓名:" + r2.Name + "生命力:" + r2.Blood); Console.ResetColor(); Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine(); } }
练习1.输入学生成绩信息
struct Student { public string Name; public int No; public double ToltallGrd; public double Chinese; public double math;//快速移至下行尾 } //输入学生成绩信息并排序 static void Main(string[] args) { Student[] a = new Student[5]; //输入成绩 GetGrade(a); //根据总分排序 Order(a); //输出学生成绩信息 Output(a); } private static void Output(Student[] a) { for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++) { Console.WriteLine("姓名:{0}\t学号:{1}\t名次:\t{2}总分:{3}\t语文:{4}\t数学:{5}", a[i].Name, a[i].No, i + 1, a[i].ToltallGrd, a[i].Chinese, a[i].math); } } private static void Order(Student[] a) { for (int i = 1; i <= a.Length - 1; i++) { for (int j = 1; j <= a.Length - i; j++) { if (a[j].ToltallGrd > a[j - 1].ToltallGrd) { Student tem = a[j]; a[j] = a[j - 1]; a[j - 1] = tem; } } } } private static void GetGrade(Student[] a) { for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++) { Console.WriteLine("请输入第" + (i + 1) + "名学生姓名:"); a[i].Name = Console.ReadLine(); a[i].No = i + 1; Console.Write("语文:"); a[i].Chinese = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine()); Console.Write("数学:"); a[i].math = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine()); a[i].ToltallGrd = a[i].Chinese + a[i].math; } }
练习2.郭靖PK欧阳克
struct Roal { public int blood; public int def; public int mov1; public int mov2; } class 对战游戏 { static void Main(string[] args) { Roal cast1, cast2; //角色1的属性 cast1.blood = 1000; cast1.def = 50; cast1.mov1 = 120; cast1.mov2 = 160; //角色2的属性 cast2.blood = 1000; cast2.def = 60; cast2.mov1 = 110; cast2.mov2 = 130; //颜色设置 Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Blue; Console.BackgroundColor = ConsoleColor.White; Console.Clear(); //输入操作 //角色1攻击 while(cast1.blood >0&&cast2.blood >0) { Console.WriteLine("请郭靖发招:a-降龙十八掌 s-打狗棒"); string m = Console.ReadLine(); Random n1 = new Random(); if (m == "a") { int s = n1.Next(60);//角色2的防御值 int s2 = cast1.mov1 - s;//攻击效果 cast2.blood -= s2;//角色2血量减少 } else if (m == "s") { int s = n1.Next(60);//角色2的防御值 int s2 = cast1.mov2 - s;//攻击效果 cast2.blood -= s2;//角色2血量减少 } //角色2攻击 Console.WriteLine("请欧阳克发招:k-蛤蟆功 l-九阴真经"); string h= Console.ReadLine(); Random i = new Random(); if (h == "k") { int s = i.Next(50);//角色1的防御值 int s2 = cast1.mov1 - s;//攻击效果 cast1.blood -= s2;//角色1血量减少 } else if (h == "l") { int s = n1.Next(50);//角色1的防御值 int s2 = cast1.mov2 - s;//攻击效果 cast1.blood -= s2;//角色1血量减少 } else { Console.WriteLine("发招失败"); } Console.Clear(); cast1.blood = cast1.blood < 0 ? 0 : cast1.blood ;//控制血量不要小于零 cast2.blood = cast2.blood < 0 ? 0 : cast2.blood;//控制血量不要小于零 Console.WriteLine ("郭靖血量:{0}",cast1.blood ); Console.WriteLine("欧阳克血量:{0}",cast2.blood); } //输出对殴结果 if (cast1.blood == 0 && cast2.blood == 0) { Console.WriteLine("同归于尽"); } else if (cast1.blood ==0) { Console.WriteLine("欧阳克打败郭靖,抢走黄蓉"); } else { Console.WriteLine("郭靖打败欧阳克,和黄蓉去了桃花岛"); } }
C#结构体的使用