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信号量工作原理

一、内核相关文件为include/linux/semaphore.h和kernel/semaphore.c

二、主要结构体:

struct semaphore {	raw_spinlock_t		lock;	unsigned int		count;	struct list_head	wait_list;};

结构体成员变量解读:

1、lock主要用于保护count和wait_list链表的访问;

2、count记录信号量等待进程的计数;

3、wait_list用于记录等待信号量的进程,串成一个链表来统一管理;

三、相关接口

1、初始化接口

static inline void sema_init(struct semaphore *sem, int val){	static struct lock_class_key __key;	*sem = (struct semaphore) __SEMAPHORE_INITIALIZER(*sem, val);	lockdep_init_map(&sem->lock.dep_map, "semaphore->lock", &__key, 0);}

接口主要完成互斥锁、信号量计数初始值、链表头结点的初始化操作;

2、down信号量接口

获取信号量接口总共有五个:

extern void down(struct semaphore *sem);extern int __must_check down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem);extern int __must_check down_killable(struct semaphore *sem);extern int __must_check down_trylock(struct semaphore *sem);extern int __must_check down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long jiffies);

1)down接口内核已不建议使用,按照内核发展趋势,将会逐步取消掉此接口;

2)down信号量接口,一般都建议使用down_interruptible,此接口将会把当前任务状态设置为TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE,意味着一旦满足条件,任务将会在设定的超时时间到来之前被调度;

3)down_killable:可被杀死地获取信号量。如果睡眠被致命信号中断,返回错误-EINTR;

4)down_trylock:此接口上来就去获取信号量,不会设置超时时间,不做任何等待,获取到就返回0,获取不到就返回1;

5)down_timeout:如果上来就获取到信号量,则直接返回,获取不到则睡眠等待设置的超时时间时长;

这五个接口,除了down_trylock,最终都调用了__down_common这个接口,只不过传入的参数不同而已

static noinline void __sched __down(struct semaphore *sem){	__down_common(sem, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);}static noinline int __sched __down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem){	return __down_common(sem, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);}static noinline int __sched __down_killable(struct semaphore *sem){	return __down_common(sem, TASK_KILLABLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);}static noinline int __sched __down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long jiffies){	return __down_common(sem, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, jiffies);}

我们可以看一下__down_common这个接口:首先会把当前进程挂接到信号量的Wait_list链表中,然后会通过schedule_timeout调度其他进程,当前任务挂起;

struct semaphore_waiter {	struct list_head list;	struct task_struct *task;	int up;};
static inline int __sched __down_common(struct semaphore *sem, long state,								long timeout){	struct task_struct *task = current;	struct semaphore_waiter waiter;	list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list);	waiter.task = task;	waiter.up = 0;	for (;;) {		if (signal_pending_state(state, task))			goto interrupted;		if (timeout <= 0)			goto timed_out;		__set_task_state(task, state);		raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->lock);		timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);		raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->lock);		if (waiter.up)			return 0;	} timed_out:	list_del(&waiter.list);	return -ETIME; interrupted:	list_del(&waiter.list);	return -EINTR;}


3、释放信号量接口:此接口主要做了以下工作,首先判断当前信号量的wait_list是否为空,如果为空,即没有任何进程等待此信号量,则直接sem->count++,否则,则把wait_list中第一个节点摘除,通过wake_up_process放置到激活任务队列中,等待执行。

extern void up(struct semaphore *sem);void up(struct semaphore *sem){	unsigned long flags;	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);	if (likely(list_empty(&sem->wait_list)))		sem->count++;	else		__up(sem);	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);}static noinline void __sched __up(struct semaphore *sem){	struct semaphore_waiter *waiter = list_first_entry(&sem->wait_list,						struct semaphore_waiter, list);	list_del(&waiter->list);	waiter->up = 1;	wake_up_process(waiter->task);}


 

 


 

信号量工作原理