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直截了当的告诉你什么是工厂模式

2024-10-27 07:05:39   211人阅读

千万不要以为创建一个类，以Factory为后缀就是工厂，那不是工厂。

直接演示：

public interface IMachine
{
    string Name { get; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 机器启动
    /// </summary>
    void TurnOn();
}
public class Computer : IMachine
{
    public string Name
    {
        get { return "戴尔"; }
    }

    public void TurnOn()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("电脑启动");
    }
}
public class Mobile : IMachine
{
    public string Name
    {
        get { return "魅族"; }
    }

    public void TurnOn()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("手机启动");
    }
}
public class UnknownMachine : IMachine
{
    public string Name
    {
        get { return "机器故障" }
    }

    public void TurnOn()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("启动失败");
    }
}
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        string description = "computer";
        IMachine machine = GetMachine(description);
        machine.TurnOn();

        Console.ReadKey();
    }
    private static IMachine GetMachine(string description)
    {
        switch (description)
        {
            case "computer":
                return new Computer();
            case "mobile":
                return new Mobile();
            default:
                return new UnknownMachine();
        }
    }
}

上面代码一执行，IMachine接口里装的Computer，所以电脑启动了

工厂模式登场

public class MachineFactory
{
    private Dictionary<string, Type> _machines;

    public MachineFactory()
    {
        LoadTypesICanReturn();
    }

    public IMachine CreateInstance(string description)
    {
        Type t = GetTypeToCreate(description);

        if (t == null)
            return new UnknownMachine();

        return Activator.CreateInstance(t) as IMachine;
    }

    private Type GetTypeToCreate(string machineName)
    {
        foreach (var machine in _machines)
        {
            if (machine.Key.Contains(machineName))
            {
                return _machines[machine.Key];
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    private void LoadTypesICanReturn()
    {
        _machines = new Dictionary<string, Type>();

        Type[] typesInThisAssembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetTypes();

        foreach (Type type in typesInThisAssembly)
        {
            if (type.GetInterface(nameof(IMachine)) != null)
            {
                _machines.Add(type.Name, type);
            }
        }
    }
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string description = "Computer";
    IMachine machine = new MachineFactory().CreateInstance(description);
    machine.TurnOn();

    Console.ReadKey();
}

CreateInstance方法也可以设计成静态的

MachineFactory.CreateInstance(description);

在抽象一点可以让MachineFactory实现IMachineFactory接口

public interface IMachineFactory
{
    IMachine CreateInstance(string description);
}
public class MachineFactory : IMachineFactory

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static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string description = "Computer";
    IMachine machine = LoadFactory().CreateInstance(description);
    machine.TurnOn();

    Console.ReadKey();
}

private static IMachineFactory LoadFactory()
{
    string factoryName = Properties.Settings.Default.DefaultMachineFactory;
    return Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().CreateInstance(factoryName) as IMachineFactory;
}

如果没有上面的IMachineFactory接口，那么具体的工厂将与其生产的具体类型紧密耦合，我认为这也是可以接受的。好了。就是这么直截了当，简单粗暴。

直截了当的告诉你什么是工厂模式


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