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wordpress博客站点配置及数据库迁移
1.wordpress博客站点部署配置
1.1 检查环境
1.1.1 nginx.conf配置文件
###检查nginx配置文件
[root@web02 conf]# cat nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]"$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent"$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent""$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
access_log logs/access.log main;
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
includeextra/www.conf;
includeextra/bbs.conf;
includeextra/blog.conf;
includeextra/stat.conf;
}
###检查blog配置文件
[root@web02 conf]# pwd
/application/nginx/conf
[root@web02 conf]# cat extra/blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@web02 conf]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 1879 1 0 03:17 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
www 2466 1879 0 08:58 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 126392 2548 0 12:03 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nginx
[root@web02 conf]# netstat -lntup|grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1879/nginx
[root@web02 conf]# curl blog.etiantian.org
blog 10.0.0.7
1.1.2 修改nginx配置文件，使nginx程序与php程序建立联系
说明：利用nginx的location区块实现动态请求与静态请求的分别处理
[root@web02 conf]# vim extra/blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
# 静态请求处理的location
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.php index.html index.htm; <-- 需要注
意编辑修改默认首页文件
}
# 动态请求处理的location
location ~* .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root html/blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
[root@web02 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.10.2/conf/nginx.confsyntax is ok
nginx: configuration file/application/nginx-1.10.2/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
nginx负责接收用户的请求，静态数据（html js css 图片等）请求的话nginx直接处理了，动态页面（php$）就转交给php-fpm处理了，有数据请求呢，php就会和mysql进行交互，如果加了memcached，那么php会首先到memcached去找，mem没有的话再到mysql去找，同时会在mem存一份，以供下次数据请求。
1.2 编辑nginx与php连通性测试文件,并进行测试
echo‘<?php phpinfo(); ?>‘ >/application/nginx/html/blog/test_info.php
[root@web02 blog]# curl -I blog.etiantian.org
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.10.2
Date: Mon, 22 May 2017 04:10:19 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 14
Last-Modified: Fri, 19 May 2017 01:53:30 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "591e501a-e"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
1.2.1 检查网页是否访问成功
[root@web02 blog]#curl http://blog.etiantian.org/index.html <-- 静态请求站
点文件信息测试
[root@web02 blog]# curl -I http://blog.etiantian.org/test_info.php <-- 动态请求站
点文件信息测试
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.10.2
Date: Mon, 22 May 2017 04:10:36 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.5.32
说明：当php服务停止时，9000端口信息消失，即停止PHP错误报502错误，linux系统测试完毕后，建议利用浏览器进行最终测试，测试效果更明显
些。
1.3 编辑php与mysql连通性测试文件,并进行测试
1.3.1 创建wordpress数据库
[root@web02 blog]# mysql-uroot -poldboy123
mysql> createdatabase wordpress;
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| wordpress |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3.2 添加数据库用户
mysql> grant all on wordpress.* to ‘wordpress‘@‘localhost‘identified by ‘oldboy123‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
注：grant 为添加用户；all为授权的权限；wordpress为数据库名 .（点为分隔符）*为数据库中所有表格；黄色底纹的wordpress为用户名
mysql>flushprivileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) ##添加完后更新数据库。
查看系统中的数据库用户
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-----------+-----------+
| user | host |
+-----------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1 |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
| wordpress | localhost |
| | web02 |
| root | web02 |
+-----------+-----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
drop userwordpress@‘172.16.1.8‘; <--- 删除用户信息
select user,host frommysql.user; <--- 查看用户信息
mysql -uwordpress-p123456 <--- 测试创建的用户连接
mysql>
1.3.3 测试添加的用户登录数据库
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@web02 blog]# mysql -uwordpress -poldboy123;
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clearthe current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> select user();
+---------------------+
| user() |
+---------------------+
| wordpress@localhost |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test |
| wordpress | ##发现进入后
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
1.3.4 查看数据库下面文件属组和属主为mysql
[root@web02 blog]# ll /application/mysql/data/
total 110620
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 May 22 10:22 auto.cnf
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 22 10:22ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 22 10:22ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 22 10:07ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096May 22 10:07 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 22 10:07 performance_schema
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 22 09:57 test
-rw-r----- 1 mysql root 2261 May 22 10:22 web02.err
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 May 22 10:22 web02.pid
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 22 12:16 wordpress
[root@web02 blog]# chown -R mysql.mysql/application/mysql/data/
1.3.5 测试php与mysql的联通性
进入blog下编辑生成一个test_mysql.php文件。
[root@web02 blog]# pwd
pplication/nginx/html/blog
[root@web02 blog]# vim test_mysql.php
<?php
//$link_id=mysql_connect(‘主机名‘,‘用户‘,‘密码‘);
//mysql -u用户 -p密码 -h主机
$link_id=mysql_connect(‘localhost‘,‘wordpress‘,‘oldboy123‘)or mysql_error();
if($link_id){
echo "mysql successful by oldboy !\n";
}else{
echo mysql_error();
}
?>
[root@web02 blog]# curlblog.etiantian.org/test_mysql.php
mysql successful by oldboy !
1.4 配置博客软件
下载部署wordpress博客程序（https://cn.wordpress.org/ 英文官网：https://www.wordpress.org/ ）
1, 网站下载： wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.5.1-zh_CN.tar.gz
2，网上下载上传到Linux： tar xf wordpress-4.5.1-zh_CN.tar.gz
mvwordpress/* /application/nginx/html/blog/
chown -Rwww.www /application/nginx/html/blog/
注意：确认hosts文件进行了解析
浏览器页面进行wordpress部署
vimwp-config.php 可以修改wordpress上的数据库连接参数信息
1.4.1 解压软件
[root@web02 home]# cd /home/oldboy/tools/
[root@web02 tools]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@web02 tools]# ls
libiconv-1.14 nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz
libiconv-1.14.tar.gz php-5.5.32
mysql-5.6.34-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz php-5.5.32.tar.gz
nginx-1.10.2
[root@web02tools]# tar xfwordpress-4.7.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@web02 tools]# mv wordpress/* /application/nginx/html/blog/
[root@web02 tools]# ll /application/nginx/html/blog/
1.4.2 更改目录属主属组
[root@web02 tools]# chown -R www.www/application/nginx/html/blog/
[root@web02 tools]# ll/application/nginx/html/blog/
total 200
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 14 May 19 09:53 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 418 Sep 25 2013 index.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 19935 Jan 3 02:51 license.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 6956 Mar 7 13:14 readme.html
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 20 May 22 12:09 test_info.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 312 May 22 12:29 test_mysql.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 5447 Sep 28 2016 wp-activate.php
drwxr-xr-x 9www www 4096 Mar 7 13:14 wp-admin
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 364 Dec 19 2015 wp-blog-header.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 1627 Aug 29 2016 wp-comments-post.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 2930 Mar 7 13:14 wp-config-sample.php
drwxr-xr-x 5www www 4096 Mar 7 13:14 wp-content
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 3286 May 25 2015 wp-cron.php
drwxr-xr-x 18 www www 12288 Mar 7 13:14 wp-includes
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 2422 Nov 21 10:46wp-links-opml.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 3301 Oct 25 2016 wp-load.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 33939 Nov 21 10:46 wp-login.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 8048 Jan 11 13:15 wp-mail.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 16250 Nov 29 13:39 wp-settings.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 29896 Oct 19 2016 wp-signup.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 4513 Oct 15 2016 wp-trackback.php
-rw-r--r-- 1www www 3065 Sep 1 2016xmlrpc.php
1.4.3 注意域名解析
注意本地的hosts文件和Windows的hosts文件要有对应的域名解析
[root@web02 blog]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomainlocalhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.1.5 lb01
172.16.1.6 lb02
172.16.1.7 web01
172.16.1.8 web02
172.16.1.51 db01 db01.etiantian.org
172.16.1.31 nfs01
172.16.1.41 backup
172.16.1.61 m01
10.0.0.7 www.etiantian.org etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org blog.etiantian.org
[root@web02 blog]#
1.4.4 测试并开始页面安装
浏览器中访问blog.etiantian.org/index.php
注：如果出现再次进入网站的时候可以使用强制刷新缓存文件（ctrl+F5）
2.wordpress博客站点数据库迁移
2.1 环境准备
2.1.1 mysql安装软件
在nginx上面传软件到新克隆的虚拟机（172.16.1.51DB01）上
[root@web02 ~]# cd /home/oldboy/tools/
[root@web02 ~]#scp -rpmysql-5.6.34-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 172.16.1.51:/home/oldboy/tools/
###1.添加用户
useradd-s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
####2.解压 mysql 二进制包
cd/home/oldboy/tools
tarxf mysql-5.6.34-*-x86_64.tar.gz
####3.把MySQL 移动到 /application/
mkdir-p /application/
mv/home/oldboy/tools/mysql-5.6.34-*-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.6.34
####4.创建软连接
ln -s/application/mysql-5.6.34/ /application/mysql
####5.让MySQL用户管理 /application/mysql
chown-R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
####6.安装这个软件 初始化数据库
#1.软件安装在哪里
#2.数据存放在哪里
#3.MySQL使用的用户谁？
/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db--basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --user=mysql
#####To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
#####support-files/mysql.server to the right placefor your system
#####mysql启动脚本默认放在support-files/mysql.server
#####
#####记得给MySQL设置个密码
#####PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THEMySQL root USER !
#####To do so, start the server, then issue the followingcommands:
#####
##### /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘new-password‘
##### /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h web01 password‘new-password‘
####7.复制启动脚本授权
cp/application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod+x /etc/init.d/mysqld
####8.修改启动脚本和 mysql命令 中的路径
sed-i ‘s#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g‘ /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe/etc/init.d/mysqld
####9.复制默认的配置文件
\cp/application/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/etc/init.d/mysqldstart
###故障
##1./tmp权限
##2.主机名解析 hosts解析#ping 主机名
##3.一步一步执行
##
##/application/mysql/bin/mysql
##Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
##Your MySQL connection id is 1
##Server version: 5.5.49 MySQL Community Server(GPL)
##mysql>
####10.PATH路径
echo‘export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ >>/etc/profile
source/etc/profile
whichmysql
####11.加入开机自启动
chkconfig--add mysqld
chkconfigmysqld on
####12.给MySQL root用户设置密码
/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin-u root password ‘oldboy123‘
####13.重新登录MySQL数据库
mysql-uroot -poldboy123
2.2 wordpress博客站点数据库迁移
2.2.1 在nginx服务器上备份数据库数据库信息
mysqldump-uroot -poldboy123 --all-databases >/tmp/mysqlbak.sql
ll/tmp/bak.sql -h
[root@web02 tools]# scp -rp /tmp/mysqlbak.sql 172.16.1.51:/tmp
2.2.2 恢复数据库数据库信息
当上面的命令执行成功后，切换到db数据库，将nginx服务器上推送的数据库同步到本地数据库。
2.2.2.1 ##db01数据库上添加用户
mysql-uroot -poldboy123 </tmp/bak.sql
###db01添加新的用户
grantall on wordpress.* to wordpress@‘10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0‘identified by ‘oldboy123‘;
flushprivileges;
2.2.2.2 ##数据库上导入数据
[root@DB tmp]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123</tmp/mysqlbak.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command lineinterface can be insecure.
[root@DB tmp]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123
mysql> show databases
-> ;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| wordpress |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2.3 数据库迁移完毕，修改网站连接数据库的配置文件
[root@guanli blog]# cd /application/nginx/html/blog
[root@web02 blog]# vim wp-config.php <-- 修改wordpress上的数据库连接参数信息
（省略数行）
// ** MySQL 设置 - 具体信息来自您正在使用的主机 ** //
/** WordPress数据库的名称 */
define(‘DB_NAME‘, ‘wordpress‘);
/** MySQL数据库用户名 */
define(‘DB_USER‘, ‘wordpress‘);
/** MySQL数据库密码 */
define(‘DB_PASSWORD‘, ‘oldboy123‘);
/** MySQL主机 */
define(‘DB_HOST‘, ‘172.16.1.51‘); <-- 修改连接的主机信息，将localhost修改为172.16.1.51
（省略数行）
[root@web02 blog]# mysql -uwordpress -poldboy123 -h 172.16.1.51 <-- 修改配置文件之前，先测试网站web服务器与迁移后的数据库连通性
2.2.4 停止nginx上的mysql数据库
[root@web02 application]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop 说明：web服务器数据库此时可以关闭了
2.2.5 检查确认nginx的配置文件
[root@web02 conf]# cat nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]"$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
access_log logs/access.log main;
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
includeextra/www.conf;
includeextra/bbs.conf;
includeextra/blog.conf;
# includeextra/stat.conf;
}
[root@web02 conf]#
[root@web02 extra]# cat blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
# 静态请求处理的location
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.php index.htmlindex.htm;
}
# 动态请求处理的location
location ~* .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root html/blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
[root@web02 extra]#
2.2.5.1web服务器上测试数据库的连通性
[root@web01 blog]# mysql -uwordpress -poldboy123 -h172.16.1.51
Warning: Using a password on the command lineinterface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.6.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of theirrespective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clearthe current input statement.
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@web01 blog]#
2.2.5.2 排错
[root@guanli extra]# curl -I blog.etiantian.org
curl: (7) couldn‘t connect to host
[root@guanli extra]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx-t
nginx: the configuration file/application/nginx-1.10.2/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file/application/nginx-1.10.2/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@guanli extra]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@guanli extra]# curl -I blog.etiantian.org
HTTP/1.1 502 Bad Gateway
Server: nginx/1.10.2
Date: Tue, 30 May 2017 10:22:44 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 537
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "592c2c4a-219"
[root@guanli extra]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm
[root@guanli extra]# curl -I blog.etiantian.org
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.10.2
Date: Tue, 30 May 2017 10:23:30 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.5.32
Link:<http://blog.etiantian.org/?rest_route=/>;rel="https://api.w.org/"
[root@guanli extra]#
2.2.6 测试访问网站
2.3 进行数据迁移到NFS共享服务器
2.3.1 先将原有目录中数据移出
cd /application/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads
[root@web02 uploads]# pwd
/application/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads ###这个目录是blog的上传目录，当上传时，自动生成。
[root@web02 uploads]# mkdir /tmp/nfsbak -p ##先建立一个目录，将原有的上传目录uploads中的文件移动到这个目录中，防止稍后挂载时，上传目录文件丢失
[root@web02 uploads]# mv ./* /tmp/wordpress_backup/
2.3.2 NFS服务器上配置创建共享目录
vim /etc/exports
/data172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash)
showmount -e 172.16.1.31
mount -t nfs172.16.1.31:/data /mnt/ nginx上挂载nfs共享目录
2.3.3 nginx挂载共享目录
[root@web02 wp-content]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data /application/nginx-1.10.2/html/blog/wp-content/uploads
[root@web02 wp-content]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 6.9G 3.6G 2.9G 56% /
tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 34M 147M 19% /boot
172.16.1.31:/data 6.9G 1.5G 5.1G 23% /application/nginx-1.10.2/html/blog/wp-content/uploads
[root@web02 wp-content]# cd uploads/
[root@web02 uploads]# touch 1.txt
[root@web02 uploads]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 May 23 11:221.txt
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wordpress博客站点配置及数据库迁移