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用C++实现一个Log系统

提要

近期在写一些C++的图形代码,在调试和測试过程中都会须要在终端打印一些信息出来。

之前的做法是直接用

std::cout<<"Some Word"<<std::endl;

这样做事实上非常的麻烦,每次都要打非常多的字母还有特殊符号,除去我要打印的内容。还须要按下28下键盘,简直不能忍!

參考Unity里面的打log的方式

Debug.Log("Some Word");

或者Qt中的处理方式

qDebug() << "Some Word";

这两种都方便太多。

今天要实现的Log系统须要满足的特性有:

1.非常方便地在终端打印各种类型数据信息;

2.能够区分Log等级;

3.打印信息的同一时候能够提供打印语句的文件,函数名,行号


类说明

简单地画了下UML,主要分为以下几个类


简单说一下类的作用

MessageLogContext

记录Log的上下文,也就是Log处在的文件。函数名,行号。

MessageLogger

基本的Log类,提供了上次调用的一些接口。注意一下这个宏比較有意思

qDebug MessageLogger(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__).debug

这样当使用

qDebug()

的时候,

宏替换就直接转换成了MessageLogger的构造函数

MessageLogger(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__).debug()

等于是先构造MessageLogger,然后调用这个对象的debug()方法。


Debug

详细处理Debug信息的类。

用了一个内部Stream结构体来记录Debug信息,记得在使用前要new。析构的时候delete掉。

重构了非常多的<<方法,就是为了能处理多种数据类型,包含自己定义的类。还能够通过模板来打印stl里面的东西。

LogToConsole是将log打印信息到终端的函数。在析构函数中会被调用。假设想要实现更加炫酷的打印log方式(各种颜色),扩展这个函数就好了。


整个Log的流程例如以下图


測试代码

void DebugTest()
{
	Vector2 v = Vector2(1, 1);
	Vector2 v2 = Vector2(2, 1);
	Vector3 v3 = Vector3(0, 2, 1);
	Vector3 v4 = Vector3(0, 2, 1);
	Vector3 v5 = Vector3(23, 112, 22);
	Vector3 v6 = Vector3(23, 112, 22);
	std::vector<Vector3> vec;
	vec.push_back(v3);
	vec.push_back(v4);
	vec.push_back(v5);
	vec.push_back(v6);
	vec.push_back(v6);
	vec.push_back(v6);
	vec.push_back(v6);
	vec.push_back(v6);
	std::string testStr = "vector Test";
	qDebug() << "Hello Debug";
	qDebug() <<""<< v << v2<< v3;
	qDebug() << v3;
	qWarning() << vec;
}

执行结果


技术分享



代码清单

MessageLogContext.h
#pragma once
#include <string>

class MessageLogContext
{
public:
	MessageLogContext() : line(0), file(0), function(0) {}
	MessageLogContext(const char *fileName, const char *functionName, int lineNumber)
		: file(fileName), function(functionName), line(lineNumber) {}

	int line;
	const char *file;
	const char *function;
	void copy(const MessageLogContext &logContext)
	{
		this->file = logContext.file;
		this->line = logContext.line;
		this->function = logContext.function;
	}

private:
	friend class MessageLogger;
	friend class Debug;
};


Log.h
#pragma once
#define qDebug MessageLogger(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__).debug
#define qInfo MessageLogger(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__).info
#define qWarning MessageLogger(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__).warning
#define qCritical MessageLogger(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__).critical
#define qFatal MessageLogger(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__).fatal
#include "Debug.h"
#include "MessageLogContext.h"

class MessageLogger
{
public:
	MessageLogger() : context(){}
	MessageLogger(const char *fileName, const char *functionName, int lineNumber)
		: context(fileName, functionName, lineNumber) {}

	Debug info() const;
	Debug warning() const;
	Debug critical() const;
	Debug debug() const;

protected:
private:
	MessageLogContext context;
};




Log.cpp

#include "Log.h"


Debug MessageLogger::debug() const
{
	std::string debug = "debug";
	Debug dbg = Debug(&debug);
	MessageLogContext &ctxt = dbg.stream->context;
	ctxt.copy(context);
	dbg.stream->logType = Info;
	return dbg;
}

Debug MessageLogger::info() const
{
	Debug dbg = Debug();
	MessageLogContext &ctxt = dbg.stream->context;
	ctxt.copy(context);
	dbg.stream->logType = Info;
	return dbg;
}

Debug MessageLogger::warning() const
{
	Debug dbg = Debug();
	MessageLogContext &ctxt = dbg.stream->context;
	ctxt.copy(context);
	dbg.stream->logType = Warning;
	return dbg;
}

Debug MessageLogger::critical() const
{
	Debug dbg = Debug();
	MessageLogContext &ctxt = dbg.stream->context;
	ctxt.copy(context);
	dbg.stream->logType = Error;
	return dbg;
}



Debug.h

#pragma once

#include <iostream>  
#include <iomanip>  
#include <fstream>  
#include <string>  
#include <cstdlib>  
#include <stdint.h>  
#include <sstream>  
#include "Math/Vector2.h"  
#include "Math/Vector3.h"  
#include <vector>
//#include "Log.h"
#include "MessageLogContext.h"

enum LogType
{
	Info,
	Warning,
	Error,
	Default,
};

class Debug
{
public:
	struct Stream {
		Stream():ss(), space(true), context() {}
		Stream(std::string *s) :ss(*s), space(true), context(){}
		std::ostringstream ss;
		bool space;
		MessageLogContext context;
		LogType logType;
	} *stream;

	Debug() : stream(new Stream()) {}
	inline Debug(std::string *s) : stream(new Stream(s)) {}
	~Debug();
	inline Debug &operator<<(bool t) { stream->ss<<(t ? "true" : "false"); return maybeSpace(); }
	inline Debug &operator<<(char t) { stream->ss<< t; return maybeSpace(); }
	inline Debug &operator<<(signed short t) { stream->ss << t; return maybeSpace(); }
	inline Debug &operator<<(unsigned short t) { stream->ss << t; return maybeSpace(); }
	inline Debug &operator<<(std::string s) { stream->ss << s; return maybeSpace(); }
	inline Debug &operator<<(const char* c) { stream->ss << c; return maybeSpace(); }
	inline Debug &operator<<(Vector2 vec) { stream->ss << "(" << vec.x <<","<< vec.y<<")"; return maybeSpace(); }
	inline Debug &operator<<(Vector3 vec) { stream->ss << "(" << vec.x << "," << vec.y <<"," << vec.z << ")"; return maybeSpace(); }
	inline Debug &space() { stream->space = true; stream->ss << ‘ ‘; return *this; }
	inline Debug &nospace() { stream->space = false; return *this; }
	inline Debug &maybeSpace() { if (stream->space) stream->ss << ‘ ‘; return *this; }

	template <typename T>
	inline Debug &operator<<(const std::vector<T> &vec)
	{
		stream->ss << ‘(‘;
		for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i) {
			stream->ss << vec.at(i);
			stream->ss << ", ";
		}
		stream->ss << ‘)‘;
		return maybeSpace();
	}

	void LogToConsole(LogType type, const MessageLogContext &context, std::string logBuffer);

private:
	static Debug* _instance;
};


Debug.cpp

#include "Debug.h"

Debug::~Debug()
{
	LogToConsole(stream->logType, stream->context, stream->ss.str());
	delete stream;
}

void Debug::LogToConsole(LogType type, const MessageLogContext &context, std::string logBuffer)
{
	std::string logString;
	switch (type)
	{
	case Error:
		logString.append("Error! ");
		break;
	case Info:
		//logString.append("");
		break;
	case Warning:
		logString.append("Warning! ");
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	logString.append(logBuffer);
	logString.append("......");

	logString.append(context.file);
	logString.append(" ");
	logString.append(context.function);
	logString.append("()");

	std::cout << logString <<" line: " << context.line << " "  << std::endl;

	//logString.append(context.line);
}



參考

Qt source code

Qt Documentation http://doc.qt.io/qt-4.8/qdebug.html

http://www.cplusplus.com/

用C++实现一个Log系统