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[C++]LeetCode: 95 Binary Tree Preorder Traversal (先序遍历)

题目:

Given a binary tree, return the preorder traversal of its nodes‘ values.

For example:
Given binary tree {1,#,2,3},

   1
         2
    /
   3

return [1,2,3].

Note: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?

Answer 1: 递归法

思路:如果当前节点不为空,先把当前节点的值放入数组。从树的根结点开始,再先序遍历左子树和右子树,最后返回数组。迭代终止条件,如果当前节点为空,则返回数组。

AC Code:

/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode *root) {
        if(root == NULL) return Vpreorder;
        Vpreorder.push_back(root->val);
        preorderTraversal(root->left);
        preorderTraversal(root->right);
        return Vpreorder;
    }
private:
    vector<int> Vpreorder;
};


Answer 2: 非递归法

思路:使用栈的非递归算法。先用根结点初始化栈,然后在栈不为空时,循环做以下操作,然后访问栈顶节点,接下来依次把栈顶节点的右结点和栈顶节点的左结点压栈(注意次序 ,先右结点,后左结点,一定不能反),因为先序遍历是先访问左子树,后访问右子树。

AC Code:

/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode *root) {
        vector<int> ret;
        if(root == NULL) return ret;
        stack<TreeNode*> stk;
        stk.push(root);
        
        while(!stk.empty())
        {
            TreeNode* node = stk.top();
            stk.pop();
            ret.push_back(node->val);
            //次序不能反,一定要先压入右结点,再压入左结点
            if(node->right) stk.push(node->right);
            if(node->left) stk.push(node->left);
        }
       
        return ret;  
    }
};


[C++]LeetCode: 95 Binary Tree Preorder Traversal (先序遍历)