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C++实现树的基本操作,界面友好,操作方便,运行流畅,运用模板

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 Ⅰ.说明:

    1.采用左孩子右兄弟的方式,转化为二叉树来实现。

    2.树的后根遍历与二叉树的中根遍历即有联系又有区别,请读者注意分析体会。

Ⅱ.功能:

    1.创建树并写入数据

    2.先根遍历树

    3.计算树高

    4.后根遍历树

    5.层次遍历树

    6.搜索数据域为某值的结点

    7.删除数据域为某值的结点及其子树

    8.销毁树

Ⅲ.代码:

//.h文件

#ifndef TREE_H
#define TREE_H

#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;

template<typename T>       //树结点
struct Node            
{
    T data;
    Node<T> *left, *right;
    Node(const T& item);
};

template<typename T>        //树结点初始化
Node<T>::Node(const T& item)  
{
    data = http://www.mamicode.com/item;"  ";
        if (i % 5 == 0)cout << endl;
        p = p->snext;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

template<typename T>           //清空队列Quefs
void Tree<T>::Delqs()
{
    Quefs<T>* itempsd;
    while(shead){ itempsd = shead; shead = shead->snext; delete itempsd; }
}

template<typename T>             //Quefd入队一个结点
void Tree<T>::Addqd(const T& dedata)
{
    if (!dhead){ dhead = dtail = new Quefd<T>(dedata, NULL); dsize = 1; }
    else
    {
        dtail->dnext = new Quefd<T>(dedata, NULL);
        dtail = dtail->dnext;
        dsize++;
    }
}

template<typename T>               //输出队列Quefd内全部元素
void Tree<T>::D_ShowAll(Quefd<T>* dheader)
{
    Quefd<T>* dp = dheader;
    for (int i = 1; i <= dsize; i++)
    {
        cout << setiosflags(ios::left);
        cout << setw(10) << dp->ddata;
        if (i % 5 == 0)cout << endl;
        dp = dp->dnext;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

template<typename T>           //利用结构体Quefd构造的临时堆栈的入队操作
Node<T>* Tree<T>::Push(Node<T>* t)
{
    while (!t->right)
    {
        top = new Quefd<T>(t->data, top);
        t = t->left;
    }
    return t;
}

template<typename T>            //一次性弹出队列中所有元素
void Tree<T>::PopAll(int& ct)
{
    while (top)
    {
        cout << setiosflags(ios::left);
        cout << setw(10) << top->ddata;
        ct++;
        if (ct % 5 == 0)cout << endl;
        Quefd<T>* itemp4;
        itemp4 = top; top = top->dnext; delete itemp4;
    }
}
template<typename T>           //清空队列Quefs
void Tree<T>::Delqd()
{
    Quefd<T>* itempdd;
    while (dhead){ itempdd = dhead; dhead = dhead->dnext; delete itempdd; }
}

template<typename T>          //创建树
Node<T>* Tree<T>::Creat(Node<T>* &rt)   
{
    int choice; bool flag;
    if (size > 0)
    {
        cout << "是否继续创建子树?是请按1,否请按0:" << endl;
        cin >> choice;
        flag = true;
    }
    if (size == 0)
    {
        cout << "请输入根结点数据;" << endl;
        T data; cin >> data;
        rt = new Node<T>(data);
        if (!rt){ cout << "根结点创建失败!" << endl; return NULL; }
        size++;
        flag = false;
        cout << "根结点创建成功!" << endl;
        cout << "目前树中共有结点" << size << "个。" << endl;
    }
    if (flag)
    {
        if (choice == 0)return 0;
        else
        {
            cout << "请输入子结点数据;" << endl;
            T data; cin >> data;
            rt = new Node<T>(data);
            if (!rt){ cout << "子结点创建失败!" << endl; return NULL; }
            size++;
            cout << "子结点创建成功!" << endl;
            cout << "目前树中共有结点" << size << "个。" << endl;
        }
    }
    Creat(rt->left);
    Creat(rt->right);
    return root;
}

template<typename T>              //先根递归遍历 FiRoTra是first root traversal的缩写
void Tree<T>::FiRoTra(Node<T>* rt, int& ct)
{
    if (rt)
    {
        cout << setiosflags(ios::left);
        cout << setw(10) << rt->data;
        ct++;
        if (ct % 5 == 0)
            cout << endl;
        FiRoTra(rt->left, ct);
        FiRoTra(rt->right, ct);
    }
}

template<typename T>              //中根递归遍历 MiRoTra是middle root traversal的缩写 这里用来进行树的后根遍历
void Tree<T>::MiRoTra(Node<T>* rt, int& ct)
{
    if (rt)
    {
        MiRoTra(rt->left, ct);
        cout << setiosflags(ios::left);
        cout << setw(10) << rt->data;
        ct++;
        if (ct % 5 == 0)
            cout << endl;
        MiRoTra(rt->right, ct);
    }
}

template<typename T>               //层次遍历 LeveTra是level traversal的缩写
void Tree<T>::LeveTra(Node<T>* t)
{
    int count=0;
    Node<T>* pt;
    Addqs(t);
    while (ssize>0)
    {
        pt = Outqs();
        count++;
        cout << setiosflags(ios::left);
        cout << setw(10) << pt->data;
        if (count % 5 == 0)cout << endl;
        pt = pt->left;
        while (pt)
        {
            Addqs(pt);
            pt = pt->right;
        }
    }
}
template<typename T>          //计算树高
int Tree<T>::Couhg(Node<T>* t)
{
    int level = 0, lev, max = 0;
    Node<T>* pt;
    Addqh(t, level);
    while (hsize>0)
    {
        Outqh(pt, lev);
        level = lev + 1;
        if (max < lev)max = lev;
        while (pt)
        {
            if (pt->left)Addqh(pt->left, level);
            pt = pt->right;
        }
    }
    hhead = htail = NULL;
    return max;
}

template<typename T>            //搜索数据域为某值的结点
void Tree<T>::Search(Node<T>* t, const T& item, bool& sign)
{
    if (t)
    {
        Search(t->left, item, sign);
        Search(t->right, item, sign);
        if (t->data =http://www.mamicode.com/= item){ sign = true; Addqs(t); }"请您选择操作(输入操作前的数字进行选择):" << endl;
        cout << "1.创建树并写入数据" << endl;
        cout << "2.先根遍历树" << endl;
        cout << "3.计算树高" << endl;
        cout << "4.后根遍历树" << endl;
        cout << "5.层次遍历树" << endl;
        cout << "6.搜索数据域为某值的结点" << endl;
        cout << "7.删除数据域为某值的结点及其子树" << endl;
        cout << "8.销毁树" << endl;
        int choice;
        cin >> choice;
        switch (choice)
        {
        //由用户创建树
        case 1:
        {
                  if (root){ cout << "树已经创建,无需再建!若想新建,请您先销毁旧树!" << endl; break; }
                  Creat(root);
                  cout << "树创建完成!" << endl;
                  cout << "此树中共有结点" << size << "个!" << endl;
                  break;
        }
        //先根遍历树
        case 2:
        {
                  if (!root){ cout << "树还未创建或已被销毁,无法执行遍历操作,请您先创建树!" << endl; break; }
                  int counter2 = 0;
                  FiRoTra(root, counter2);
                  cout << endl;
                  break;
        }
        //计算树高    
        case 3:
        {
                  if (!root){ cout << "树还未创建或已被销毁,无法计算树高,请您先创建树!" << endl; break; }
                  int high;
                  high= Couhg(root);     
                  cout << "树的高度为:" <<high<< endl;
                  break;
        }
        //后根遍历树
        case 4:
        {
                  if (!root){ cout << "树还未创建或已被销毁,无法执行遍历操作,请您先创建树!" << endl; break; }
                  Node<T>* pt4 = Push(root);
                  int counter4 = 0;
                  MiRoTra(pt4, counter4);
                  PopAll(counter4);
                  cout << endl;
                  break;
        }
        //层次遍历树
        case 5:
        {
                  if (!root){ cout << "树还未创建或已被销毁,无法执行遍历操作,请您先创建树!" << endl; break; }              
                  LeveTra(root);
                  cout << endl;
                  shead = stail = NULL;
                  break;
        }
        //搜索数据域为某值的结点    
        case 6:
        {
                  if (!root){ cout << "树还未创建或已被销毁,无法执行搜索操作,请您先创建树!" << endl; break; }
                  cout << "请您输入数据域的值;" << endl;
                  T indata;  cin >> indata;
                  bool flag = false;
                  Search(root, indata, flag);
                  if (!flag){ cout << "该树中没有数据域为" << indata << "的结点!" << endl; break; }
                  else cout << "该树中数据域为" << indata << "的结点共有" << ssize << "个。" << endl;
                  cout << "是否输出这些结点的地址?是请按1,否则按0:" << endl;
                  int choice6; cin >> choice6;
                  if (choice6 == 1)    ShowAll(shead);
                  Delqs(); shead = stail = NULL; ssize = 0;
                  break;
        }
        //删除数据域为某值的结点及其子树
        case 7:
        {
                  if (!root){ cout << "树还未创建或已被销毁,无法执行删除操作,请您先创建树!" << endl; break; }
                  T data7; bool flag7 = false; bool sign7 = true; int choice7;
                  cout << "请您输入结点数据的值:" << endl;
                  cin >> data7;
                  Search(root, data7, flag7);
                  if (!flag7){ cout << "目前树中无数据域为" << data7 << "的结点!" << endl;  break; }
                  while (sign7)
                  {
                      Node<T> *p7, *fp7;
                      Quefs<T> *item7;
                      p7 = shead->snodrs;
                      item7 = shead; shead = shead->snext; delete item7; ssize--;
                      if (p7 == root)
                      {
                          cout << "数据域为" << data7 << "的结点为根结点,若执行删除操作将会销毁整棵树!" << endl;
                          cout << "是否确定执行删除操作?确定请按1,取消请按0:" << endl;
                          cin >> choice7;
                          if (choice7 == 0){ Delqs(); shead = stail = NULL; ssize = 0; goto mark7; }
                          else
                          {
                              Destory(p7); root = NULL; size = 0;
                              cout << "删除成功!同时整棵树也被销毁!" << endl;
                              Delqs(); shead = stail = NULL; ssize = 0;
                              goto mark7;
                          }
                      }
                      fp7 = GetFather(root, p7);
                      if (p7->right)               //其实这两个if可以合成一个,但考虑到程序的可读性,分开来写
                      {
                          if (fp7->left == p7)fp7->left = p7->right;
                          if (fp7->right == p7) fp7->right = p7->right;
                          p7->right = NULL;
                      }
                      if (!p7->right)
                      {
                          if (fp7->left == p7)fp7->left = NULL;
                          if (fp7->right == p7)fp7->right = NULL;
                      }
                      Del(p7);
                      cout << "删除成功!" << endl;
                      if (ssize == 0){ cout << "此时树中已无数据域为" << data7 << "的结点及其子树!" << endl; sign7 = false; }
                      if (ssize > 0){ cout << "但此时树中数据域为" << data7 << "的结点还有" << ssize << "个!" << endl; }
                      cout << "此次共删除结点" << dsize << "个," << "目前树中还有结点" << size << "个。" << endl;
                      cout << "是否显示被删除的各结点的值?是请按1,否则请按0:" << endl;
                      cin >> choice7;
                      if (choice7 == 1)D_ShowAll(dhead);
                      Delqd(); dhead = dtail = NULL; dsize = 0;
                      if (ssize > 0)
                      {
                          cout << "是否继续删除数据域为" << data7 << "的结点及其子树?是请按1,否则按0:" << endl;
                          cin >> choice7;
                          if (choice7 == 0)sign7 = false;
                      }
                  }
                  Delqs(); shead = stail = NULL; ssize = 0;
              mark7:break;
        }
        
        //销毁树
        case 8:
        {
                  if (!root){ cout << "树还未创建或已被销毁!" << endl; break; }
                  cout << "您确定销毁该树吗?确定请按1,取消请按0:" << endl;
                  int choice8; cin >> choice8;
                  if (choice8 == 0)break;
                  else Destory(root);
                  root = NULL;
                  size = 0;
                  cout << "树已销毁!" << endl;
                  break;
        }
            //处理用户的错误输入    
        default:
        {
                   cout << "您的输入有误,无法进行操作!" << endl;
                   break;
        }

        }//switch结束
        //控制循环
        cout << "是否继续?继续请按1,退出请按0:" << endl;
        int ifgoon;
        cin >> ifgoon;
        if (ifgoon == 0)flager = false;
    }//while结束
}

#endif

//.cpp文件

#include"Tree.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    //是否进入程序
    int uscho;   bool flag = true;//uscho:user choice的缩写
    cout << "敬告;请您务必按提示要求操作,如果您进行了规定以外的操作,由此造成的一切后果,将全部由您个人承担,程序开发者概不负责!" << endl;
    cout << "是否进入程序?进入请按1,否则按0;" << endl;
    cin >> uscho;
    if (uscho == 0) return 0;
    //用户选择类型
    while (flag)
    {
        cout << "请选择您所要创建树的数据类型,输入类型前的数字进行选择;" << endl;
        cout << "1.整型  2.浮点  3.字符" << endl;
        cin >> uscho;
        if (uscho != 1 && uscho != 2 && uscho != 3)
        {
            cout << "您的输入有误!重新输入请按1,退出请按0:" << endl;
            cin >> uscho;
            if (uscho == 0)return 0;
            else  flag = false;
        }
        if (flag) flag = false;
        else flag = true;
    }
    switch (uscho)
    {
    case 1:
    {
              Tree<int> tree_int;
              tree_int.Operate();
              break;
    }
    case 2:
    {
              Tree<float> tree_float;
              tree_float.Operate();
              break;
    }
    case 3:
    {
              Tree<char> tree_char;
              tree_char.Operate();
              break;
    }
    default:
        cout << "您的输入有误!" << endl;
        break;
    }
    return 0;
}

Ⅳ.结语:

    代码已经过测试,在VS2013上成功运行!
    发此文有两大目的:
    1.和大家交流经验,供需要的人参考。
    2.在下菜鸟,代码中难免有不妥之处,恳求大神批评指正。您的批评就是在下提高的起点,对于您的
      批评,在下将不胜感激! 
技术分享

C++实现树的基本操作,界面友好,操作方便,运行流畅,运用模板