Problem:

Write a function that takes an unsigned integer and returns the number of ’1‘ bits it has (also known as the Hamming weight).

For example, the 32-bit integer ’11‘ has binary representation 00000000000000000000000000001011, so the function should return 3.

Summary:

求三十二位无符号数含1的位数。

Analysis:

1. 最简单的思路为将n移位直至n为0，每移位一次判断最低位是否为1。但若有1在最高位则需移位32次，效率太低。

 1 class Solution {
 2 public:
 3     int hammingWeight(uint32_t n) {
 4         int cnt = 0;
 5         while (n) {
 6             cnt += n & 1;
 7             n = n >> 1;
 8         }
 9         
10         return cnt;
11     }
12 };

2. 下面这种思路能够把移位的次数降低至与含1的位数相等，大大提高了效率。

举个栗子：若n = 1010010，则：

1. n = 1010010  n - 1 = 1010001  n & (n - 1) = 1010000
2. n = 1010000  n - 1 = 1001111  n & (n - 1) = 1000000
3. n = 1000000  n - 1 = 0111111  n & (n - 1) = 0000000

可以看出，每进行一次n & (n - 1)操作，最低位上的1就会被消去。

 1 class Solution {
 2 public:
 3     int hammingWeight(uint32_t n) {
 4         int cnt = 0;
 5         while (n) {
 6             n &= (n - 1);
 7             cnt++;
 8         }
 9         
10         return cnt;
11     }
12 };

LeetCode 191 Number of 1 Bits