首页 > 代码库 > Day2 - Python基础（列表，元组等）
Day2 - Python基础（列表，元组等）
本节内容
- 列表、元组操作
- 字符串操作
- 字典操作
- 集合操作
- 文件操作
- 字符编码与转码
1. 列表、元组操作
列表是我们最以后最常用的数据类型之一，通过列表可以对数据实现最方便的存储、修改等操作
定义列表示例
1 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"]
通过下标访问列表中的元素，下标从0开始计数
1 >>> names[0] 2 ‘ZhangYang‘
切片示例1
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 #!/usr/bin/env python 6 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 7 #Author: huzhihua 8 9 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen" 10 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 11 12 print(names) 13 print(names[0],names[2]) 14 print(names[1:3]) #这就是切片（从0开始切，0就是ZhangYang）
执行结果：
1 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘ Guyun‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘] 2 ZhangYang Xiangpeng 3 [‘ Guyun‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘]
切片示例2
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen" 6 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 7 8 print(names) 9 print(names[0],names[2]) 10 print(names[1:3]) #这就是切片（从0开始，取下标1至下标3之间的数字，包括1，不包括3）
11print(names[3]) #取第3个值，从0从始取
12print(names[-2]) #在不知道是多长的情况下，取出最后2个位置
13print(names[-2:]) #要取最后面的值，把-1省略掉
14print(names[0:3]) #取从0-3
15print(names[:3]) #如果是从头开始取，0可以忽略，跟上句效果一样
执行结果：
1 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘ Guyun‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘] 2 ZhangYang Xiangpeng 3 [‘ Guyun‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘] 4 XuLiangChen 5 Xiangpeng 6 [‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘] 7 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘ Guyun‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘] 8 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘ Guyun‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘]
追加示例
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen" 6 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 7 names.append("LeiHaidong") #追加到最后一行 8 print(names)
执行结果：
1 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘ Guyun‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘, ‘LeiHaidong‘]
插入示例
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen" 6 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 7 names.append("LeiHaidong") #追加到最后一行 8 names.insert(1,"nulige") #插到那个位置 就写那个位置 9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入3的位置，不能批量插入 10 print(names)
执行结果：
1 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘nulige‘, ‘ Guyun‘, ‘Xinzhiyu‘‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘, ‘LeiHaidong‘]
修改示例
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen" 6 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 7 names.append("LeiHaidong") #追加到最后一行 8 names.insert(1,"nulige") #插到那个位置 就写那个位置 9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入3的位置，不能批量插入 10 names[2] ="XieDi" #修改 11 print(names)
执行结果：
1 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘nulige‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘Xinzhiyu‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘, ‘LeiHaidong‘]
删除示例
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen" 6 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 7 names.append("LeiHaidong") #追加到最后一行 8 names.insert(1,"Nulige") #插到那个位置 就写那个位置 9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入3的位置，不能批量插入 10 names[2] ="XieDi" 11 12 #delete 13 names.remove("Nulige") #删除Nulige 14 del names[1] 15 print(names)
执行效果：
删除前效果：
[‘ZhangYang‘, ‘Nulige‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘Xinzhiyu‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘, ‘LeiHaidong‘]
删除后效果：
1 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘Xinzhiyu‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘, ‘LeiHaidong‘]
index示例
查找XieDi的位置，并将找到的结果打印出来
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen" 6 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun","XieDi"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 7 8 # 查找XieDi的位置，并将找到的结果打印出来 9 print(names) 10 print(names.index("XieDi")) #找到XieDi 11 print(names[names.index("XieDi")]) #把他打印出来
执行结果：
1 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘ Guyun‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘] 2 2 3 XieDi
拷贝示例
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen" 6 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun","XieDi"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 7 8 name_copy = names.copy() 9 print(name_copy)
执行结果：
1 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘ Guyun‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘]
copy真的这么简单么？
统计示例
#统计有两个XieDi
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen " 6 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun","XieDi"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 7 names.append("LeiHaidong") 8 names.insert(1,"ChenRonghua") 9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入 10 names[2] ="XieDi" #修改 11 print(names) 12 print(names.count("XieDi"))
执行结果：
1 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘ChenRonghua‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘Xinzhiyu‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘, ‘LeiHaidong‘] 2 2
清除示例
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen " 6 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun","XieDi"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 7 names.append("LeiHaidong") 8 names.insert(1,"ChenRonghua") 9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入 10 names[2] ="XieDi" #修改 11 print(names) 12 print(names.count("XieDi")) 13 14 #clear 15 names.clear() 16 print(names)
执行结果
1 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘ChenRonghua‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘Xinzhiyu‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘, ‘LeiHaidong‘] 2 2 3 []
反转示例1
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen " 6 names = ["ZhangYang"," Guyun","XieDi"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 7 names.append("LeiHaidong") 8 names.insert(1,"ChenRonghua") 9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入 10 names[2] ="XieDi" #修改 11 print(names) 12 print(names.count("XieDi")) 13 14 #reverse 15 names.reverse() 16 print(names)
执行结果：
1 [‘ZhangYang‘, ‘ChenRonghua‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘Xinzhiyu‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘, ‘LeiHaidong‘] 2 2 3 [‘LeiHaidong‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘Xinzhiyu‘, ‘XieDi‘, ‘ChenRonghua‘, ‘ZhangYang‘] #对比第一行，反转过来了
反转示例2
1 >>> names 2 [‘Alex‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Tom‘, ‘Amy‘, 1, 2, 3] 3 >>> names.sort() #排序 4 Traceback (most recent call last): 5 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 6 TypeError: unorderable types: int() < str() #3.0里不同数据类型不能放在一起排序了，擦 7 >>> names[-3] = ‘1‘ 8 >>> names[-2] = ‘2‘ 9 >>> names[-1] = ‘3‘ 10 >>> names 11 [‘Alex‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Tom‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘] 12 >>> names.sort() 13 >>> names 14 [‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘Alex‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Tom‘]
排序示例
按ASCII码顺序进行排序的
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = ["4ZhangYang"," #!Guyun","xXieDi"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 6 print(names) 7 8 #排序(sort) 9 names.sort() 10 print(names)
执行结果：
1 [‘4ZhangYang‘, ‘ #!Guyun‘, ‘xXieDi‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘] 2 [‘ #!Guyun‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘, ‘4ZhangYang‘, ‘xXieDi‘]
扩展示例
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = ["4ZhangYang"," #!Guyun","xXieDi"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 6 print(names) 7 8 names2 = [1,2,3,4] 9 names.extend(names2) 10 print(names)
执行结果：
1 [‘4ZhangYang‘, ‘ #!Guyun‘, ‘xXieDi‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘] 2 [‘4ZhangYang‘, ‘ #!Guyun‘, ‘xXieDi‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘, 1, 2, 3, 4]
删除列表中的变量示例
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 #Author: nulige 4 5 names = ["4ZhangYang"," #!Guyun","xXieDi"," Xiangpeng"," XuLiangChen"] 6 print(names) 7 8 names2 = [1,2,3,4] 9 names.extend(names2) 10 del names2 11 print(names,names2)
执行结果：
会报错，因为找不到nemes2变量的值
1 Traceback (most recent call last): 2 [‘4ZhangYang‘, ‘ #!Guyun‘, ‘xXieDi‘, ‘ Xiangpeng‘, ‘ XuLiangChen‘] 3 File "D:/python/day2/name_test02.py", line 11, in <module> 4 print(names,names2) 5 NameError: name ‘names2‘ is not defined
Day2 - Python基础（列表，元组等）
声明：以上内容来自用户投稿及互联网公开渠道收集整理发布，本网站不拥有所有权，未作人工编辑处理，也不承担相关法律责任，若内容有误或涉及侵权可进行投诉： 投诉/举报 工作人员会在5个工作日内联系你，一经查实，本站将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。