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MySQL DBA 刚入职时如何快速拥抱新的环境
方法何其多、这里介绍的是懒人做法、也就是、借助工具
但是、生产环境是不能随便安装程序的、肿么办?
没关系、我们伟大的percona 已经为我们考虑周详鸟
这里、我们要借助三个工具:
① pt-summary:绿色纯天然、免安装、下载即用、收集MySQL Server所在OS的基本信息
② pt-mysql-summary:本地安装、然后远程收集MySQL Server的基本信息
③ innotop:将MySQL Server的信息分析的粒度做细、让你深入观察和监控MySQL Server、同样可以远程监控
关于 pt-summary、这个工具几乎把这个服务器的配置从里到外扒了遍、
而且、所显示的参数也非常明了、有兴趣的朋友到官网下个、跑一下就出来
下面重点介绍的是 pt-mysql-summary和innotop
先瞧瞧 pt-mysql-summary
- [mysql@odd ~]$ pt-mysql-summary --user=david --password=123 --host=62.131.164.222
- ㈠ 第一部分
- # Percona Toolkit MySQL Summary Report #######################
- System time | 2013-06-12 08:58:40 UTC (local TZ: CST +0800)
- # Instances ##################################################
- Port Data Directory Nice OOM Socket
- ===== ========================== ==== === ======
- 3306 /home/mysql/mysql/data 0 0 /tmp/mysql.sock
- --前面这两部分展示了MySQL 实例的基本概况
- --实际上、这里可以列出多个实例、不过、我这里仅有一个
- ㈡ 第二部分
- # MySQL Executable ###########################################
- Path to executable | /home/mysql/mysql/bin/mysqld
- Has symbols | Yes
- # Report On Port 3306 ########################################
- User | david@%
- Time | 2013-06-12 16:57:58 (CST)
- Hostname | cdio
- Version | 5.5.16-log Source distribution
- Built On | Linux x86_64
- Started | 2013-06-11 15:26 (up 1+01:31:13)
- Databases | 6
- Datadir | /home/mysql/mysql/data/
- Processes | 20 connected, 2 running
- Replication | Is not a slave, has 0 slaves connected
- Pidfile | /home/mysql/mysql/data/cdio.pid (does not exist)
- --这部分是对 MySQL 实例(PS:这里特指3306、因为还可存在其他实例)的基本情况再次做报表、当然、比前面部分来得详细些
- --有个参数需要特别注意、Time 指的是MySQL 服务器的当前时间、而不是MySQL 服务器所在的系统的时间
- ㈢ 第三部分
- # Processlist ################################################
- Command COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time)
- ------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- ---------
- Query 1 1 0 0
- Sleep 20 0 35000 4000
- User COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time)
- ------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- ---------
- david 1 1 0 0
- root 9 0 0 0
- shaoyun 10 0 0 0
- Host COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time)
- ------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- ---------
- 110.80.147.20 1 1 0 0
- 110.84.245.124 6 0 0 0
- 27.151.68.106 4 0 0 0
- localhost 9 0 0 0
- db COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time)
- ------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- ---------
- cdio 15 0 0 0
- NULL 5 1 0 0
- State COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time)
- ------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- ---------
- 20 0 0 0
- NULL 1 1 0 0
- --这部分的内容来自 show processlist 、我们先看看未经过统计的 show processlist的 内容、如下:
- --
- mysql> show processlist;
- +------+---------+---------------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
- | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
- +------+---------+---------------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
- | 1508 | shaoyun | 130.84.225.124:4373 | cdio | Sleep | 3523 | | NULL |
- | 1510 | shaoyun | 130.84.225.124:4385 | cdio | Sleep | 2322 | | NULL |
- | 1513 | shaoyun | 27.161.68.106:2585 | NULL | Sleep | 7866 | | NULL |
- | 1514 | shaoyun | 27.161.68.106:2586 | NULL | Sleep | 7866 | | NULL |
- | 1522 | shaoyun | 27.161.68.106:3107 | NULL | Sleep | 6861 | | NULL |
- | 1529 | root | localhost | cdio | Sleep | 4426 | | NULL |
- | 1557 | root | localhost:59459 | cdio | Sleep | 7 | | NULL |
- | 1579 | shaoyun | 165.77.122.42:56966 | cdio | Sleep | 433 | | NULL |
- | 1580 | root | localhost | cdio | Sleep | 239 | | NULL |
- | 1582 | shaoyun | 27.161.68.126:5640 | cdio | Sleep | 164 | | NULL |
- | 1583 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist |
- +------+---------+---------------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
- --不难看出、这是对每一列都做了统计
- ㈣ 第四部分
- # Status Counters (Wait 10 Seconds) ##########################
- Variable Per day Per second 295 secs
- Bytes_received 90000000 1000 4000
- Bytes_sent 600000000 7000 22500
- Com_admin_commands 1
- Handler_rollback 80
- Handler_update 6000
- Handler_write 20000 5
- Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed 2250 1
- Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests 2250000 25 125
- Innodb_buffer_pool_reads 800
- Innodb_buffer_pool_write_requests 10000 7
- Innodb_data_fsyncs 1250
- Innodb_data_read 15000000 175 100
- Innodb_data_reads 900
- Innodb_data_writes 2000 1
- Innodb_data_written 40000000 450 25000
- Innodb_dblwr_pages_written 1250
- Innodb_dblwr_writes 150
- Innodb_log_write_requests 1750 1
- Innodb_log_writes 600
- Innodb_os_log_fsyncs 700
- Innodb_os_log_written 1000000 10 600
- --这部分内容取自 show global status 、仅收集哪些变化的量
- --比较有价值的应该是第三列、取自两张快照、除以变化量、算出每秒的变化
- ㈤ 第五部分
- # Table cache ################################################
- Size | 64
- Usage | 100%
- --显示表缓存的大小、Usage表示在用百分比、这是个近视值
- ㈥ 第六部分
- # Plugins ####################################################
- InnoDB compression | ACTIVE
- --显示指定的插件程序以及它们的状态
- ㈦ 第七部分
- # Query cache ################################################
- query_cache_type | ON
- Size | 0.0
- Usage | 0%
- HitToInsertRatio | 0%
- --这部分是关于查询缓存基本情况
- ㈧ 第八部分
- # Schema #####################################################
- Would you like to mysqldump -d the schema and analyze it? y/n y
- There are 6 databases. Would you like to dump all, or just one?
- Type the name of the database, or press Enter to dump all of them.
- Database Tables Views SPs Trigs Funcs FKs Partn
- cdio 61 65
- jiradb 130 6
- mysql 22
- test
- Database InnoDB MyISAM
- cdio 61
- jiradb 130
- mysql 22
- test
- Database BTREE
- cdio 193
- jiradb 274
- mysql 31
- c t
- h i
- a m
- r e
- s
- t
- a
- m
- p
- Database === ===
- cdio 114 155
- jiradb 1 346
- mysql 8 3
- test
- --这部分便是 mysqldump --no-data 跑出来的数据
- --第一个小部分指明每个库有多少张表、视图、存储过程、触发器、函数、外键约束等
- --第二个小部分指明每个库有多少张表使用了不同的存储引擎
- --第三个小部分指明每个库有多少索引类型
- --第四个小部分指明每个库数据类型的分布情况、可能比较难看、因为列是竖着放、比如第一列是char
- ㈨ 第九部分
- # Noteworthy Technologies ####################################
- Full Text Indexing | No
- Geospatial Types | No
- Foreign Keys | Yes
- Partitioning | No
- InnoDB Compression | No
- SSL | No
- Explicit LOCK TABLES | No
- Delayed Insert | No
- XA Transactions | No
- NDB Cluster | No
- Prepared Statements | No
- Prepared statement count | 0
- --这部分显示了一些关键技术是否被用上、如:全文索引、XA等
- (十)第十部分
- # InnoDB #####################################################
- Version | 1.1.8
- Buffer Pool Size | 128.0M
- Buffer Pool Fill | 10%
- Buffer Pool Dirty | 0%
- File Per Table | ON
- Page Size | 16k
- Log File Size | 2 * 5.0M = 10.0M
- Log Buffer Size | 8M
- Flush Method |
- Flush Log At Commit | 1
- XA Support | ON
- Checksums | ON
- Doublewrite | ON
- R/W I/O Threads | 4 4
- I/O Capacity | 200
- Thread Concurrency | 0
- Concurrency Tickets | 500
- Commit Concurrency | 0
- Txn Isolation Level | REPEATABLE-READ
- Adaptive Flushing | ON
- Adaptive Checkpoint |
- Checkpoint Age | 0
- InnoDB Queue | 0 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue
- Oldest Transaction | 0 Seconds
- History List Len | 1899
- Read Views | 1
- Undo Log Entries | 0 transactions, 0 total undo, 0 max undo
- Pending I/O Reads | 0 buf pool reads, 0 normal AIO, 0 ibuf AIO, 0 preads
- Pending I/O Writes | 0 buf pool (0 LRU, 0 flush list, 0 page); 0 AIO, 0 sync, 0 log IO (0 log, 0 chkp); 0 pwrites
- Pending I/O Flushes | 0 buf pool, 0 log
- Transaction States | 16xnot started
- --这部分显示了InnoDB 的基本配置
- --Buffer Pool Fill和Buffer Pool Dirty是近视值
- (11)第11部分
- # MyISAM #####################################################
- Key Cache | 16.0M
- Pct Used | 20%
- Unflushed | 0%
- --这部分是MyISAM的部分
- (12)第12部分
- # Security ###################################################
- Users | 9 users, 1 anon, 4 w/o pw, 9 old pw
- Old Passwords | ON
- --这部分从 grants table 的mysql表提取出来
- --显示了显示了有多少用户以及各种可能的安全配置
- (13)第13部分
- # Binary Logging #############################################
- Binlogs | 12
- Zero-Sized | 0
- Total Size | 62.5M
- binlog_format | MIXED
- expire_logs_days | 0
- sync_binlog | 0
- server_id | 1
- binlog_do_db |
- binlog_ignore_db |
- --这部分显示了二进制日志的配置
- (14)第14部分
- # Noteworthy Variables #######################################
- Auto-Inc Incr/Offset | 1/1
- default_storage_engine | InnoDB
- flush_time | 0
- init_connect |
- init_file |
- sql_mode |
- join_buffer_size | 128k
- sort_buffer_size | 512k
- read_buffer_size | 256k
- read_rnd_buffer_size | 512k
- bulk_insert_buffer | 0.00
- max_heap_table_size | 16M
- tmp_table_size | 16M
- max_allowed_packet | 1M
- thread_stack | 256k
- log | OFF
- log_error | /home/mysql/mysql/log/alert.log
- log_warnings | 1
- log_slow_queries | ON
- log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF
- log_slave_updates | OFF
- --这部分展示了服务器的几个关键配置
- (15)第15部分
- # Configuration File #########################################
- Config File | /etc/my.cnf
- [client]
- port = 3306
- socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
- [mysqld]
- port = 3306
- socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
- basedir = /home/mysql/mysql
- datadir = /home/mysql/mysql/data
- log-error = /home/mysql/mysql/log/alert.log
- log_slow_queries = /home/mysql/mysql/log/slow.log
- skip-external-locking
- key_buffer_size = 16M
- max_allowed_packet = 1M
- table_open_cache = 64
- sort_buffer_size = 512K
- net_buffer_length = 8K
- read_buffer_size = 256K
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
- myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
- innodb_file_per_table = 1
- log-bin = mysql-bin
- binlog_format = mixed
- server-id = 1
- sync_binlog = 1
- innodb_support_xa = 1
- innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
- [mysqldump]
- quick
- max_allowed_packet = 16M
- [mysql]
- no-auto-rehash
- [myisamchk]
- key_buffer_size = 20M
- sort_buffer_size = 20M
- read_buffer = 2M
- write_buffer = 2M
- [mysqlhotcopy]
- interactive-timeout
- # The End ####################################################
- --如您所见、这部分完完全全来自 my.cnf、这里不赘述了
其实分析完 pt-mysql-summary 之后、你基本就已经对你即将管理的Server知根知底了
接下来的 Innotop 能给您想知道的部分锦上添花的作用
更多了解请查询:code.google.com/p/innotop
㈠ 安装
# perl -MCPAN -eshell
CPAN> install Time::HiRes
CPAN> install Term::ReadKey
CPAN> install DBI
CPAN> install DBD::mysql
# wget https://innotop.googlecode.com/files/innotop-1.9.0.tar.gz
# tar -zxv -f innotop-1.9.0.tar.gz
# cd innotop-1.9.0
# perl Makefile.PL
# make install
㈡ 进入
# innotop -uroot -p123 -h127.0.0.1
㈢ 使用
进入第一件事情就是按 ? 号、然后innotop就会自个教你如何使用
举个例子、如果你想查询MySQL当前执行的SQL、您可以这么做:
按 Q 进入 Query list模式
然后、按 e并输入thread ID显示执行计划