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hashCode与equals的区别与联系

转自:http://blog.csdn.net/afgasdg/article/details/6889383#

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一、equals方法的作用

 

1、默认情况(没有覆盖equals方法)下equals方法都是调用Object类的equals方法,而Object的equals方法主要用于判断对象的内存地址引用是不是同一个地址(是不是同一个对象)。

2、要是类中覆盖了equals方法,那么就要根据具体的代码来确定equals方法的作用了,覆盖后一般都是通过对象的内容是否相等来判断对象是否相等。

没有覆盖equals方法代码如下:

//学生类public class Student {	private int age;	private String name;		public Student() {	}	public Student(int age, String name) {		super();		this.age = age;		this.name = name;	}	public int getAge() {		return age;	}	public String getName() {		return name;	}	public void setAge(int age) {		this.age = age;	}	public void setName(String name) {		this.name = name;	}}

测试 代码如下:

 
import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.LinkedList;import java.util.Set;public class EqualsTest {	public static void main(String[] args) {		LinkedList<Student> list = new LinkedList<Student>();		Set<Student> set = new HashSet<Student>();		Student stu1  = new Student(3,"张三");		Student stu2  = new Student(3,"张三");		System.out.println("stu1 == stu2 : "+(stu1 == stu2));		System.out.println("stu1.equals(stu2) : "+stu1.equals(stu2));		list.add(stu1);		list.add(stu2);		System.out.println("list size:"+ list.size());				set.add(stu1);		set.add(stu2);		System.out.println("set size:"+ set.size());	}}

运行结果:

stu1 == stu2 : false
stu1.equals(stu2) : false
list size:2
set size:2

结果分析:Student类没有覆盖equals方法,stu1调用equals方法实际上调用的是Object的equals方法。所以采用对象内存地址是否相等来判断对象是否相等。因为是两个新对象所以对象的内存地址不相等,所以stu1.equals(stu2) 是false。 

3、我们覆盖一下equals方法(age和name属性),让Student类其通过判断对象的内容是否相等来确定对象是否相等。覆盖后的Student类:    

//学生类public class Student {	private int age;	private String name;		public Student() {	}	public Student(int age, String name) {		super();		this.age = age;		this.name = name;	}	public int getAge() {		return age;	}	public String getName() {		return name;	}	public void setAge(int age) {		this.age = age;	}	public void setName(String name) {		this.name = name;	}	@Override	public boolean equals(Object obj) {		if (this == obj)			return true;		if (obj == null)			return false;		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())			return false;		Student other = (Student) obj;		if (age != other.age)			return false;		if (name == null) {		  if (other.name != null)			return false;		} else if (!name.equals(other.name))			return false;		return true;	}	}
运行结果:

stu1 == stu2 : false
stu1.equals(stu2) : true
list size:2
set size:2

结果分析:因为Student两个对象的age和name属性相等,而且又是通过覆盖equals方法来判断的,所示stu1.equals(stu2) 为true。注意以上几次测试list和set的size都是2

 

二、HashCode

 

4、通过以上的代码运行,我们知道equals方法已经生效。接下来我们在覆盖一下hashCode方法(通过age和name属性来生成hashcode)并不覆盖equals方法,其中Hash码是通过age和name生成的。

 

覆盖hashcode后的Student类:

 

 

 

[java] view plaincopy

 

//学生类public class Student {	private int age;	private String name;		public Student() {	}	public Student(int age, String name) {		super();		this.age = age;		this.name = name;	}	public int getAge() {		return age;	}	public String getName() {		return name;	}	public void setAge(int age) {		this.age = age;	}	public void setName(String name) {		this.name = name;	}	@Override	public int hashCode() {		final int prime = 31;		int result = 1;		result = prime * result + age;		result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());		return result;	}	}


运行结果:
 

 

stu1 == stu2 : false
stu1.equals(stu2) : false
list size:2
hashCode :775943
hashCode :775943
set size:2

 

结果分析:我们并没有覆盖equals方法只覆盖了hashCode方法,两个对象虽然hashCode一样,但在将stu1和stu2放入set集合时由于equals方法比较的两个对象是false,所以就没有在比较两个对象的hashcode值。

 

 

5、我们覆盖一下equals方法和hashCode方法。Student代码如下:

 

[java] view plaincopyprint?
//学生类public class Student {	private int age;	private String name;	public Student() {	}	public Student(int age, String name) {		super();		this.age = age;		this.name = name;	}	public int getAge() {		return age;	}	public String getName() {		return name;	}	public void setAge(int age) {		this.age = age;	}	public void setName(String name) {		this.name = name;	}	@Override	public int hashCode() {		final int prime = 31;		int result = 1;		result = prime * result + age;		result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());		System.out.println("hashCode : "+ result);		return result;	}	@Override	public boolean equals(Object obj) {		if (this == obj)			return true;		if (obj == null)			return false;		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())			return false;		Student other = (Student) obj;		if (age != other.age)			return false;		if (name == null) {			if (other.name != null)				return false;		} else if (!name.equals(other.name))			return false;		return true;	}	}

 

运行结果:

stu1 == stu2 : false

stu1.equals(stu2) :true

list size:2

hashCode :775943

hashCode :775943

set size:1

结果分析:stu1和stu2通过equals方法比较相等,而且返回的hashCode值一样,所以放入set集合中时只放入了一个对象。

 

6、下面我们让两个对象equals方法比较相等,但hashCode值不相等试试。

Student类的代码如下:

 

[java] view plaincopyprint? 
//学生类public class Student {	private int age;	private String name;	private static int index=5;	public Student() {	}	public Student(int age, String name) {		super();		this.age = age;		this.name = name;	}	public int getAge() {		return age;	}	public String getName() {		return name;	}	public void setAge(int age) {		this.age = age;	}	public void setName(String name) {		this.name = name;	}	@Override	public int hashCode() {		final int prime = 31;		int result = 1;		result = prime * result + (age+index++);		result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());		System.out.println("result :"+result);		return result;	}	@Override	public boolean equals(Object obj) {		if (this == obj)			return true;		if (obj == null)			return false;		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())			return false;		Student other = (Student) obj;		if (age != other.age)			return false;		if (name == null) {			if (other.name != null)				return false;		} else if (!name.equals(other.name))			return false;		return true;	}	}

运行结果:

 

stu1 == stu2 : false
stu1.equals(stu2) : true
list size:2
hashCode :776098
hashCode :776129
set size:2

结果分析:虽然stu1和stu2通过equals方法比较相等,但两个对象的hashcode的值并不相等,所以在将stu1和stu2放入set集合中时认为是两个不同的对象。

7、修改stu1的某个属性值

Student代码如下:

 

[java] view plaincopyprint?
//学生类public class Student {	private int age;	private String name;	public Student() {	}	public Student(int age, String name) {		super();		this.age = age;		this.name = name;	}	public int getAge() {		return age;	}	public String getName() {		return name;	}	public void setAge(int age) {		this.age = age;	}	public void setName(String name) {		this.name = name;	}	@Override	public int hashCode() {		final int prime = 31;		int result = 1;		result = prime * result + age;		result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());		System.out.println("hashCode : "+ result);		return result;	}	@Override	public boolean equals(Object obj) {		if (this == obj)			return true;		if (obj == null)			return false;		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())			return false;		Student other = (Student) obj;		if (age != other.age)			return false;		if (name == null) {			if (other.name != null)				return false;		} else if (!name.equals(other.name))			return false;		return true;	}	}


测试代码如下:

[java] view plaincopyprint?
import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.LinkedList;import java.util.Set;public class EqualsTest {	public static void main(String[] args) {		LinkedList<Student> list = new LinkedList<Student>();		Set<Student> set = new HashSet<Student>();		Student stu1  = new Student(3,"张三");		Student stu2  = new Student(3,"张三");		System.out.println("stu1 == stu2 : "+(stu1 == stu2));		System.out.println("stu1.equals(stu2) : "+stu1.equals(stu2));		list.add(stu1);		list.add(stu2);		System.out.println("list size:"+ list.size());				set.add(stu1);		set.add(stu2);		System.out.println("set size:"+ set.size());		stu1.setAge(34);		System.out.println("remove stu1 : "+set.remove(stu1));		System.out.println("set size:"+ set.size());	}}


运行结果:

 

stu1 == stu2 : false
stu1.equals(stu2) : true
list size:2
hashCode : 775943
hashCode : 775943
set size:1
hashCode : 776904
remove stu1 : false
set size:1

结果分析:

当我们将某个对象存到set中时,如果该对象的属性参与了hashcode的计算,那么以后就不能修改该对象参与hashcode计算的那些属性了,否则会引起意向不到的错误的。正如测试中,不能够移除stu1对象。

总结:

1、equals方法用于比较对象的内容是否相等(覆盖以后)

 

2、hashcode方法只有在集合中用到

 

3、当覆盖了equals方法时,比较对象是否相等将通过覆盖后的equals方法进行比较(判断对象的内容是否相等)。

 

4、将对象放入到集合中时,首先判断要放入对象的hashcode值与集合中的任意一个元素的hashcode值是否相等,如果不相等直接将该对象放入集合中。如果hashcode值相等,然后再通过equals方法判断要放入对象与集合中的任意一个对象是否相等,如果equals判断不相等,直接将该元素放入到集合中,否则不放入。

 

5、将元素放入集合的流程图: