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exec函数簇

2024-07-14 03:51:21   222人阅读

exec一共有六种函数，都是以exec开头。

 

1 int execl(const char *path, const char *arg, ...);2 int execlp(const char *file, const char *arg, ...);3 int execle(const char *path, const char *arg, ..., char * const envp[]);4 int execv(const char *path, char *const argv[]);5 int execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);6 int execve(const char *path, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);

 

后缀含义
ll代表list,接受以逗号的参数，最后是以(char *)0结束。
vv代表vector,接受参数数组，数组以NULL结束。
pp代表取用PATH环境环境寻找可执行文件，不需要单独传入一个路径参数。
e取代当前的环境环境

主程序

 1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <unistd.h> 3 #include <sys/wait.h> 4 #include <errno.h> 5 extern char **environ; 6 int main(){ 7     char *env[]={"USER=hh","PATH=/home/map/users",NULL}; 8     int pid; 9     if((pid=fork())<0){10         perror("fork error;");11     }else if(pid==0){12         execle("/home/map/users/maxin/cpp/chr08/test","test","hello","world",(char *)0,env);13         perror("exec error:");14     }15     if(waitpid(pid,NULL,0)!=pid){16         perror("wait error");17     }18     printf("----------------------------------------\n");19     if((pid=fork())<0){20         perror("fork error;");21     }else if(pid==0){22         execle("/home/map/users/maxin/cpp/chr08/test","test","hello","world",(char *)0,environ);23         perror("exec error:");24     }25     if(waitpid(pid,NULL,0)!=pid){26         perror("wait error");27     }28 29     printf("----------------------------------------\n");30     if((pid=fork())<0){31         perror("fork error;");32     }else if(pid==0){33         execlp("./test","./test","hello",(char *)0);34         perror("exec error:");35     }36     if(waitpid(pid,NULL,0)!=pid){37         perror("wait error");38     }39 }

被调用的程序

 1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 extern char **environ; 4 void showEnv(); 5 int main(int args,const char *argv[]){ 6     printf("args%d\n",args ); 7     for(int i=0;i!=args;++i){ 8         printf("argv[%d]:%s\n",i,argv[i]); 9     }10     printf("USER:%s\n", getenv("USER"));11     printf("PATH:%s\n", getenv("PATH"));12     showEnv();13 }14 void showEnv(){15     int i=0;16     while(environ[i]){17         printf("environ[%d]:%s\n",i,environ[i] );18         ++i;19     }20     printf("----------------------END---------------------------\n" );21 }

 最后的显示结果

args3argv[0]:testargv[1]:helloargv[2]:worldUSER:hhPATH:/home/map/usersenviron[0]:USER=hhenviron[1]:PATH=/home/map/users----------------------END-------------------------------------------------------------------args3argv[0]:testargv[1]:helloargv[2]:worldUSER:mapPATH:/home/tools/tools/svn/1.6.5/64/bin:/home/tools/tools/scmtools/usr/bin:/home/tools/tools/../bin/64/:/home/tools/tools/maven/apache-maven-2.2.0/bin:/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.6.5/bin:/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.7.1/bin:/home/tools/tools/php/5.2.17/64/bin:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/bin:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/jre/bin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/share/*****/bin:/opt/bin:/home/opt/bin:/home/map/bin:/home/work/.nlpcloud/nlpc/bin:/home/work/.qu/qu:/home/map/bin:/home/map/users/yinsongyang/fis/node-v0.10.26-linux-x64/bin:/home/map/users/yinsongyang/fis/jre1.7.0_55/bin:/home/map/odp24/php/binenviron[0]:MAC=64environ[1]:MANPATH=:/tools/*****_manpage/manenviron[2]:HOSTNAME=cq01-rdqa-*****.*****.*****.comenviron[3]:TERM=vt100environ[4]:SHELL=/bin/bashenviron[5]:HISTSIZE=1000environ[6]:SSH_CLIENT=172.22.4.13 36038 22environ[7]:OLDPWD=/home/map/users/maxin/cppenviron[8]:MAVEN_2_2_1=/home/tools/tools/maven/apache-maven-2.2.1/binenviron[9]:SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/2environ[10]:MAVEN_3_0_4=/home/tools/tools/maven/apache-maven-3.0.4/binenviron[11]:ANT_HOME=/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.6.5environ[12]:USER=mapenviron[13]:LS_COLORS=no=00:fi=00:di=01;34:ln=01;36:pi=40;33:so=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=01;05;37;41:mi=01;05;37;41:ex=01;32:*.cmd=01;32:*.exe=01;32:*.com=01;32:*.btm=01;32:*.bat=01;32:*.sh=01;32:*.csh=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.tif=01;35:environ[14]:MAIL=/var/spool/mail/mapenviron[15]:PATH=/home/tools/tools/svn/1.6.5/64/bin:/home/tools/tools/scmtools/usr/bin:/home/tools/tools/../bin/64/:/home/tools/tools/maven/apache-maven-2.2.0/bin:/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.6.5/bin:/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.7.1/bin:/home/tools/tools/php/5.2.17/64/bin:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/bin:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/jre/bin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/share/*****/bin:/opt/bin:/home/opt/bin:/home/map/bin:/home/work/.nlpcloud/nlpc/bin:/home/work/.qu/qu:/home/map/bin:/home/map/users/yinsongyang/fis/node-v0.10.26-linux-x64/bin:/home/map/users/yinsongyang/fis/jre1.7.0_55/bin:/home/map/odp24/php/binenviron[16]:INPUTRC=/etc/inputrcenviron[17]:PWD=/home/map/users/maxin/cpp/chr08environ[18]:JAVA_HOME=/java/jdk1.6.0_06environ[19]:LANG=en_USenviron[20]:JAVA_HOME_1_6=/home/tools/tools/java/jdk1.6.0_20environ[21]:JAVA_HOME_1_5=/home/tools/tools/java/jdk1.5.0_07environ[22]:ANT_HOME_1_7=/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.7.1environ[23]:SHLVL=1environ[24]:HOME=/home/mapenviron[25]:LOGNAME=mapenviron[26]:CLASSPATH=:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/lib:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/jre/libenviron[27]:SSH_CONNECTION=172.22.4.13 36038 10.48.52.44 22environ[28]:PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:environ[29]:LESSOPEN=|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %senviron[30]:G_BROKEN_FILENAMES=1environ[31]:_=./a.out----------------------END-------------------------------------------------------------------args2argv[0]:./testargv[1]:helloUSER:mapPATH:/home/tools/tools/svn/1.6.5/64/bin:/home/tools/tools/scmtools/usr/bin:/home/tools/tools/../bin/64/:/home/tools/tools/maven/apache-maven-2.2.0/bin:/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.6.5/bin:/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.7.1/bin:/home/tools/tools/php/5.2.17/64/bin:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/bin:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/jre/bin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/share/*****/bin:/opt/bin:/home/opt/bin:/home/map/bin:/home/work/.nlpcloud/nlpc/bin:/home/work/.qu/qu:/home/map/bin:/home/map/users/yinsongyang/fis/node-v0.10.26-linux-x64/bin:/home/map/users/yinsongyang/fis/jre1.7.0_55/bin:/home/map/odp24/php/binenviron[0]:MAC=64environ[1]:MANPATH=:/tools/*****_manpage/manenviron[2]:HOSTNAME=cq01-rdqa-*****.*****.*****.comenviron[3]:TERM=vt100environ[4]:SHELL=/bin/bashenviron[5]:HISTSIZE=1000environ[6]:SSH_CLIENT=172.22.4.13 36038 22environ[7]:OLDPWD=/home/map/users/maxin/cppenviron[8]:MAVEN_2_2_1=/home/tools/tools/maven/apache-maven-2.2.1/binenviron[9]:SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/2environ[10]:MAVEN_3_0_4=/home/tools/tools/maven/apache-maven-3.0.4/binenviron[11]:ANT_HOME=/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.6.5environ[12]:USER=mapenviron[13]:LS_COLORS=no=00:fi=00:di=01;34:ln=01;36:pi=40;33:so=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=01;05;37;41:mi=01;05;37;41:ex=01;32:*.cmd=01;32:*.exe=01;32:*.com=01;32:*.btm=01;32:*.bat=01;32:*.sh=01;32:*.csh=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.tif=01;35:environ[14]:MAIL=/var/spool/mail/mapenviron[15]:PATH=/home/tools/tools/svn/1.6.5/64/bin:/home/tools/tools/scmtools/usr/bin:/home/tools/tools/../bin/64/:/home/tools/tools/maven/apache-maven-2.2.0/bin:/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.6.5/bin:/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.7.1/bin:/home/tools/tools/php/5.2.17/64/bin:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/bin:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/jre/bin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/share/*****/bin:/opt/bin:/home/opt/bin:/home/map/bin:/home/work/.nlpcloud/nlpc/bin:/home/work/.qu/qu:/home/map/bin:/home/map/users/yinsongyang/fis/node-v0.10.26-linux-x64/bin:/home/map/users/yinsongyang/fis/jre1.7.0_55/bin:/home/map/odp24/php/binenviron[16]:INPUTRC=/etc/inputrcenviron[17]:PWD=/home/map/users/maxin/cpp/chr08environ[18]:JAVA_HOME=/java/jdk1.6.0_06environ[19]:LANG=en_USenviron[20]:JAVA_HOME_1_6=/home/tools/tools/java/jdk1.6.0_20environ[21]:JAVA_HOME_1_5=/home/tools/tools/java/jdk1.5.0_07environ[22]:ANT_HOME_1_7=/home/tools/tools/ant/apache-ant-1.7.1environ[23]:SHLVL=1environ[24]:HOME=/home/mapenviron[25]:LOGNAME=mapenviron[26]:CLASSPATH=:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/lib:/java/jdk1.6.0_06/jre/libenviron[27]:SSH_CONNECTION=172.22.4.13 36038 10.48.52.44 22environ[28]:PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:environ[29]:LESSOPEN=|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %senviron[30]:G_BROKEN_FILENAMES=1environ[31]:_=./a.out----------------------END---------------------------

 


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