结果：[‘/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/calculator/p1/pp1‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-15.2-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.28-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.10-x86_64.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/xlutils-1.7.1-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/xlwt-1.0.0-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/xlrd-0.9.3-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tornado-4.1-py2.7-macosx-10.10-x86_64.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/backports.ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certifi-2015.4.28-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyOpenSSL-0.15.1-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six-1.9.0-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cryptography-0.9.1-py2.7-macosx-10.10-x86_64.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cffi-1.1.1-py2.7-macosx-10.10-x86_64.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipaddress-1.0.7-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/enum34-1.0.4-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyasn1-0.1.7-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/idna-2.0-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pycparser-2.13-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Django-1.7.8-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko-1.10.1-py2.7.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gevent-1.0.2-py2.7-macosx-10.10-x86_64.egg‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/greenlet-0.4.7-py2.7-macosx-10.10-x86_64.egg‘, ‘/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/calculator‘, ‘/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python27.zip‘, ‘/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7‘, ‘/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin‘, ‘/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac‘, ‘/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages‘, ‘/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk‘, ‘/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-old‘, ‘/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload‘, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages‘, ‘/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages‘]

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 #coding:utf-8 3  4 import paramiko 5  6 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 7 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) 8 ssh.connect(‘192.168.1.108‘, 22, ‘alex‘, ‘123‘) 9 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)10 print stdout.read()11 ssh.close();

import paramikoprivate_key_path = ‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_path)ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())ssh.connect(‘主机名 ‘, 端口, ‘用户名‘, key)stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)print stdout.read()ssh.close()

import os,sysimport paramikot = paramiko.Transport((‘182.92.219.86‘,22))t.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘,password=‘123‘)sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)sftp.put(‘/tmp/test.py‘,‘/tmp/test.py‘) t.close()import os,sysimport paramikot = paramiko.Transport((‘182.92.219.86‘,22))t.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘,password=‘123‘)sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)sftp.get(‘/tmp/test.py‘,‘/tmp/test2.py‘)t.close()

import paramikopravie_key_path = ‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(pravie_key_path)t = paramiko.Transport((‘182.92.219.86‘,22))t.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘,pkey=key)sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)sftp.put(‘/tmp/test3.py‘,‘/tmp/test3.py‘) t.close()import paramikopravie_key_path = ‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(pravie_key_path)t = paramiko.Transport((‘182.92.219.86‘,22))t.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘,pkey=key)sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)sftp.get(‘/tmp/test3.py‘,‘/tmp/test4.py‘) t.close()

import md5hash = md5.new()hash.update(‘admin‘)print hash.hexdigest()

import shahash = sha.new()hash.update(‘admin‘)print hash.hexdigest()

import subprocessobj = subprocess.Popen("mkdir t3", shell=True, cwd=‘/home/dev‘,)

import subprocessobj = subprocess.Popen(["python"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)obj.stdin.write(‘print 1 \n ‘)obj.stdin.write(‘print 2 \n ‘)obj.stdin.write(‘print 3 \n ‘)obj.stdin.write(‘print 4 \n ‘)obj.stdin.close()cmd_out = obj.stdout.read()obj.stdout.close()cmd_error = obj.stderr.read()obj.stderr.close()print cmd_outprint cmd_error

import subprocessobj = subprocess.Popen(["python"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)obj.stdin.write(‘print 1 \n ‘)obj.stdin.write(‘print 2 \n ‘)obj.stdin.write(‘print 3 \n ‘)obj.stdin.write(‘print 4 \n ‘)out_error_list = obj.communicate()print out_error_list

import subprocessobj = subprocess.Popen(["python"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)out_error_list = obj.communicate(‘print "hello"‘)print out_error_list

def copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16*1024):    """copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst"""    while 1:        buf = fsrc.read(length)        if not buf:            break        fdst.write(buf)

def copyfile(src, dst):    """Copy data from src to dst"""    if _samefile(src, dst):        raise Error("`%s` and `%s` are the same file" % (src, dst))    for fn in [src, dst]:        try:            st = os.stat(fn)        except OSError:            # File most likely does not exist            pass        else:            # XXX What about other special files? (sockets, devices...)            if stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode):                raise SpecialFileError("`%s` is a named pipe" % fn)    with open(src, ‘rb‘) as fsrc:        with open(dst, ‘wb‘) as fdst:            copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst)

def copymode(src, dst):    """Copy mode bits from src to dst"""    if hasattr(os, ‘chmod‘):        st = os.stat(src)        mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)        os.chmod(dst, mode)

def copystat(src, dst):    """Copy all stat info (mode bits, atime, mtime, flags) from src to dst"""    st = os.stat(src)    mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)    if hasattr(os, ‘utime‘):        os.utime(dst, (st.st_atime, st.st_mtime))    if hasattr(os, ‘chmod‘):        os.chmod(dst, mode)    if hasattr(os, ‘chflags‘) and hasattr(st, ‘st_flags‘):        try:            os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)        except OSError, why:            for err in ‘EOPNOTSUPP‘, ‘ENOTSUP‘:                if hasattr(errno, err) and why.errno == getattr(errno, err):                    break            else:                raise

def copy(src, dst):    """Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst").    The destination may be a directory.    """    if os.path.isdir(dst):        dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))    copyfile(src, dst)    copymode(src, dst)

def copy2(src, dst):    """Copy data and all stat info ("cp -p src dst").    The destination may be a directory.    """    if os.path.isdir(dst):        dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))    copyfile(src, dst)    copystat(src, dst)

def ignore_patterns(*patterns):    """Function that can be used as copytree() ignore parameter.    Patterns is a sequence of glob-style patterns    that are used to exclude files"""    def _ignore_patterns(path, names):        ignored_names = []        for pattern in patterns:            ignored_names.extend(fnmatch.filter(names, pattern))        return set(ignored_names)    return _ignore_patternsdef copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):    """Recursively copy a directory tree using copy2().    The destination directory must not already exist.    If exception(s) occur, an Error is raised with a list of reasons.    If the optional symlinks flag is true, symbolic links in the    source tree result in symbolic links in the destination tree; if    it is false, the contents of the files pointed to by symbolic    links are copied.    The optional ignore argument is a callable. If given, it    is called with the `src` parameter, which is the directory    being visited by copytree(), and `names` which is the list of    `src` contents, as returned by os.listdir():        callable(src, names) -> ignored_names    Since copytree() is called recursively, the callable will be    called once for each directory that is copied. It returns a    list of names relative to the `src` directory that should    not be copied.    XXX Consider this example code rather than the ultimate tool.    """    names = os.listdir(src)    if ignore is not None:        ignored_names = ignore(src, names)    else:        ignored_names = set()    os.makedirs(dst)    errors = []    for name in names:        if name in ignored_names:            continue        srcname = os.path.join(src, name)        dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)        try:            if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):                linkto = os.readlink(srcname)                os.symlink(linkto, dstname)            elif os.path.isdir(srcname):                copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)            else:                # Will raise a SpecialFileError for unsupported file types                copy2(srcname, dstname)        # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can        # continue with other files        except Error, err:            errors.extend(err.args[0])        except EnvironmentError, why:            errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))    try:        copystat(src, dst)    except OSError, why:        if WindowsError is not None and isinstance(why, WindowsError):            # Copying file access times may fail on Windows            pass        else:            errors.append((src, dst, str(why)))    if errors:        raise Error, errors

def rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, one rror=None):    """Recursively delete a directory tree.    If ignore_errors is set, errors are ignored; otherwise, if one rror    is set, it is called to handle the error with arguments (func,    path, exc_info) where func is os.listdir, os.remove, or os.rmdir;    path is the argument to that function that caused it to fail; and    exc_info is a tuple returned by sys.exc_info().  If ignore_errors    is false and one rror is None, an exception is raised.    """    if ignore_errors:        def one rror(*args):            pass    elif one rror is None:        def one rror(*args):            raise    try:        if os.path.islink(path):            # symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669            raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")    except OSError:        one rror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info())        # can‘t continue even if one rror hook returns        return    names = []    try:        names = os.listdir(path)    except os.error, err:        one rror(os.listdir, path, sys.exc_info())    for name in names:        fullname = os.path.join(path, name)        try:            mode = os.lstat(fullname).st_mode        except os.error:            mode = 0        if stat.S_ISDIR(mode):            rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, one rror)        else:            try:                os.remove(fullname)            except os.error, err:                one rror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info())    try:        os.rmdir(path)    except os.error:        one rror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())

def move(src, dst):    """Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is    similar to the Unix "mv" command.    If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source    is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already    exist.    If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be    overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics.    If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used.    Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed.    A lot more could be done here...  A look at a mv.c shows a lot of    the issues this implementation glosses over.    """    real_dst = dst    if os.path.isdir(dst):        if _samefile(src, dst):            # We might be on a case insensitive filesystem,            # perform the rename anyway.            os.rename(src, dst)            return        real_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src))        if os.path.exists(real_dst):            raise Error, "Destination path ‘%s‘ already exists" % real_dst    try:        os.rename(src, real_dst)    except OSError:        if os.path.isdir(src):            if _destinsrc(src, dst):                raise Error, "Cannot move a directory ‘%s‘ into itself ‘%s‘." % (src, dst)            copytree(src, real_dst, symlinks=True)            rmtree(src)        else:            copy2(src, real_dst)            os.unlink(src)复制代码

def make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0,                 dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None):    """Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar).    ‘base_name‘ is the name of the file to create, minus any format-specific    extension; ‘format‘ is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "bztar"    or "gztar".    ‘root_dir‘ is a directory that will be the root directory of the    archive; ie. we typically chdir into ‘root_dir‘ before creating the    archive.  ‘base_dir‘ is the directory where we start archiving from;    ie. ‘base_dir‘ will be the common prefix of all files and    directories in the archive.  ‘root_dir‘ and ‘base_dir‘ both default    to the current directory.  Returns the name of the archive file.    ‘owner‘ and ‘group‘ are used when creating a tar archive. By default,    uses the current owner and group.    """    save_cwd = os.getcwd()    if root_dir is not None:        if logger is not None:            logger.debug("changing into ‘%s‘", root_dir)        base_name = os.path.abspath(base_name)        if not dry_run:            os.chdir(root_dir)    if base_dir is None:        base_dir = os.curdir    kwargs = {‘dry_run‘: dry_run, ‘logger‘: logger}    try:        format_info = _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[format]    except KeyError:        raise ValueError, "unknown archive format ‘%s‘" % format    func = format_info[0]    for arg, val in format_info[1]:        kwargs[arg] = val    if format != ‘zip‘:        kwargs[‘owner‘] = owner        kwargs[‘group‘] = group    try:        filename = func(base_name, base_dir, **kwargs)    finally:        if root_dir is not None:            if logger is not None:                logger.debug("changing back to ‘%s‘", save_cwd)            os.chdir(save_cwd)    return filename

import zipfile# 压缩z = zipfile.ZipFile(‘laxi.zip‘, ‘w‘)z.write(‘a.log‘)z.write(‘data.data‘)z.close()# 解压z = zipfile.ZipFile(‘laxi.zip‘, ‘r‘)z.extractall()z.close()

import tarfile# 压缩tar = tarfile.open(‘your.tar‘,‘w‘)tar.add(‘/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/bbs2.zip‘, arcname=‘bbs2.zip‘)tar.add(‘/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/cmdb.zip‘, arcname=‘cmdb.zip‘)tar.close()# 解压tar = tarfile.open(‘your.tar‘,‘r‘)tar.extractall()  # 可设置解压地址tar.close()

class ZipFile(object):    """ Class with methods to open, read, write, close, list zip files.    z = ZipFile(file, mode="r", compression=ZIP_STORED, allowZip64=False)    file: Either the path to the file, or a file-like object.          If it is a path, the file will be opened and closed by ZipFile.    mode: The mode can be either read "r", write "w" or append "a".    compression: ZIP_STORED (no compression) or ZIP_DEFLATED (requires zlib).    allowZip64: if True ZipFile will create files with ZIP64 extensions when                needed, otherwise it will raise an exception when this would                be necessary.    """    fp = None                   # Set here since __del__ checks it    def __init__(self, file, mode="r", compression=ZIP_STORED, allowZip64=False):        """Open the ZIP file with mode read "r", write "w" or append "a"."""        if mode not in ("r", "w", "a"):            raise RuntimeError(‘ZipFile() requires mode "r", "w", or "a"‘)        if compression == ZIP_STORED:            pass        elif compression == ZIP_DEFLATED:            if not zlib:                raise RuntimeError,                      "Compression requires the (missing) zlib module"        else:            raise RuntimeError, "That compression method is not supported"        self._allowZip64 = allowZip64        self._didModify = False        self.debug = 0  # Level of printing: 0 through 3        self.NameToInfo = {}    # Find file info given name        self.filelist = []      # List of ZipInfo instances for archive        self.compression = compression  # Method of compression        self.mode = key = mode.replace(‘b‘, ‘‘)[0]        self.pwd = None        self._comment = ‘‘        # Check if we were passed a file-like object        if isinstance(file, basestring):            self._filePassed = 0            self.filename = file            modeDict = {‘r‘ : ‘rb‘, ‘w‘: ‘wb‘, ‘a‘ : ‘r+b‘}            try:                self.fp = open(file, modeDict[mode])            except IOError:                if mode == ‘a‘:                    mode = key = ‘w‘                    self.fp = open(file, modeDict[mode])                else:                    raise        else:            self._filePassed = 1            self.fp = file            self.filename = getattr(file, ‘name‘, None)        try:            if key == ‘r‘:                self._RealGetContents()            elif key == ‘w‘:                # set the modified flag so central directory gets written                # even if no files are added to the archive                self._didModify = True            elif key == ‘a‘:                try:                    # See if file is a zip file                    self._RealGetContents()                    # seek to start of directory and overwrite                    self.fp.seek(self.start_dir, 0)                except BadZipfile:                    # file is not a zip file, just append                    self.fp.seek(0, 2)                    # set the modified flag so central directory gets written                    # even if no files are added to the archive                    self._didModify = True            else:                raise RuntimeError(‘Mode must be "r", "w" or "a"‘)        except:            fp = self.fp            self.fp = None            if not self._filePassed:                fp.close()            raise    def __enter__(self):        return self    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):        self.close()    def _RealGetContents(self):        """Read in the table of contents for the ZIP file."""        fp = self.fp        try:            endrec = _EndRecData(fp)        except IOError:            raise BadZipfile("File is not a zip file")        if not endrec:            raise BadZipfile, "File is not a zip file"        if self.debug > 1:            print endrec        size_cd = endrec[_ECD_SIZE]             # bytes in central directory        offset_cd = endrec[_ECD_OFFSET]         # offset of central directory        self._comment = endrec[_ECD_COMMENT]    # archive comment        # "concat" is zero, unless zip was concatenated to another file        concat = endrec[_ECD_LOCATION] - size_cd - offset_cd        if endrec[_ECD_SIGNATURE] == stringEndArchive64:            # If Zip64 extension structures are present, account for them            concat -= (sizeEndCentDir64 + sizeEndCentDir64Locator)        if self.debug > 2:            inferred = concat + offset_cd            print "given, inferred, offset", offset_cd, inferred, concat        # self.start_dir:  Position of start of central directory        self.start_dir = offset_cd + concat        fp.seek(self.start_dir, 0)        data = fp.read(size_cd)        fp = cStringIO.StringIO(data)        total = 0        while total < size_cd:            centdir = fp.read(sizeCentralDir)            if len(centdir) != sizeCentralDir:                raise BadZipfile("Truncated central directory")            centdir = struct.unpack(structCentralDir, centdir)            if centdir[_CD_SIGNATURE] != stringCentralDir:                raise BadZipfile("Bad magic number for central directory")            if self.debug > 2:                print centdir            filename = fp.read(centdir[_CD_FILENAME_LENGTH])            # Create ZipInfo instance to store file information            x = ZipInfo(filename)            x.extra = fp.read(centdir[_CD_EXTRA_FIELD_LENGTH])            x.comment = fp.read(centdir[_CD_COMMENT_LENGTH])            x.header_offset = centdir[_CD_LOCAL_HEADER_OFFSET]            (x.create_version, x.create_system, x.extract_version, x.reserved,                x.flag_bits, x.compress_type, t, d,                x.CRC, x.compress_size, x.file_size) = centdir[1:12]            x.volume, x.internal_attr, x.external_attr = centdir[15:18]            # Convert date/time code to (year, month, day, hour, min, sec)            x._raw_time = t            x.date_time = ( (d>>9)+1980, (d>>5)&0xF, d&0x1F,                                     t>>11, (t>>5)&0x3F, (t&0x1F) * 2 )            x._decodeExtra()            x.header_offset = x.header_offset + concat            x.filename = x._decodeFilename()            self.filelist.append(x)            self.NameToInfo[x.filename] = x            # update total bytes read from central directory            total = (total + sizeCentralDir + centdir[_CD_FILENAME_LENGTH]                     + centdir[_CD_EXTRA_FIELD_LENGTH]                     + centdir[_CD_COMMENT_LENGTH])            if self.debug > 2:                print "total", total    def namelist(self):        """Return a list of file names in the archive."""        l = []        for data in self.filelist:            l.append(data.filename)        return l    def infolist(self):        """Return a list of class ZipInfo instances for files in the        archive."""        return self.filelist    def printdir(self):        """Print a table of contents for the zip file."""        print "%-46s %19s %12s" % ("File Name", "Modified    ", "Size")        for zinfo in self.filelist:            date = "%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d" % zinfo.date_time[:6]            print "%-46s %s %12d" % (zinfo.filename, date, zinfo.file_size)    def testzip(self):        """Read all the files and check the CRC."""        chunk_size = 2 ** 20        for zinfo in self.filelist:            try:                # Read by chunks, to avoid an OverflowError or a                # MemoryError with very large embedded files.                with self.open(zinfo.filename, "r") as f:                    while f.read(chunk_size):     # Check CRC-32                        pass            except BadZipfile:                return zinfo.filename    def getinfo(self, name):        """Return the instance of ZipInfo given ‘name‘."""        info = self.NameToInfo.get(name)        if info is None:            raise KeyError(                ‘There is no item named %r in the archive‘ % name)        return info    def setpassword(self, pwd):        """Set default password for encrypted files."""        self.pwd = pwd    @property    def comment(self):        """The comment text associated with the ZIP file."""        return self._comment    @comment.setter    def comment(self, comment):        # check for valid comment length        if len(comment) > ZIP_MAX_COMMENT:            import warnings            warnings.warn(‘Archive comment is too long; truncating to %d bytes‘                          % ZIP_MAX_COMMENT, stacklevel=2)            comment = comment[:ZIP_MAX_COMMENT]        self._comment = comment        self._didModify = True    def read(self, name, pwd=None):        """Return file bytes (as a string) for name."""        return self.open(name, "r", pwd).read()    def open(self, name, mode="r", pwd=None):        """Return file-like object for ‘name‘."""        if mode not in ("r", "U", "rU"):            raise RuntimeError, ‘open() requires mode "r", "U", or "rU"‘        if not self.fp:            raise RuntimeError,                   "Attempt to read ZIP archive that was already closed"        # Only open a new file for instances where we were not        # given a file object in the constructor        if self._filePassed:            zef_file = self.fp            should_close = False        else:            zef_file = open(self.filename, ‘rb‘)            should_close = True        try:            # Make sure we have an info object            if isinstance(name, ZipInfo):                # ‘name‘ is already an info object                zinfo = name            else:                # Get info object for name                zinfo = self.getinfo(name)            zef_file.seek(zinfo.header_offset, 0)            # Skip the file header:            fheader = zef_file.read(sizeFileHeader)            if len(fheader) != sizeFileHeader:                raise BadZipfile("Truncated file header")            fheader = struct.unpack(structFileHeader, fheader)            if fheader[_FH_SIGNATURE] != stringFileHeader:                raise BadZipfile("Bad magic number for file header")            fname = zef_file.read(fheader[_FH_FILENAME_LENGTH])            if fheader[_FH_EXTRA_FIELD_LENGTH]:                zef_file.read(fheader[_FH_EXTRA_FIELD_LENGTH])            if fname != zinfo.orig_filename:                raise BadZipfile,                         ‘File name in directory "%s" and header "%s" differ.‘ % (                            zinfo.orig_filename, fname)            # check for encrypted flag & handle password            is_encrypted = zinfo.flag_bits & 0x1            zd = None            if is_encrypted:                if not pwd:                    pwd = self.pwd                if not pwd:                    raise RuntimeError, "File %s is encrypted, "                         "password required for extraction" % name                zd = _ZipDecrypter(pwd)                # The first 12 bytes in the cypher stream is an encryption header                #  used to strengthen the algorithm. The first 11 bytes are                #  completely random, while the 12th contains the MSB of the CRC,                #  or the MSB of the file time depending on the header type                #  and is used to check the correctness of the password.                bytes = zef_file.read(12)                h = map(zd, bytes[0:12])                if zinfo.flag_bits & 0x8:                    # compare against the file type from extended local headers                    check_byte = (zinfo._raw_time >> 8) & 0xff                else:                    # compare against the CRC otherwise                    check_byte = (zinfo.CRC >> 24) & 0xff                if ord(h[11]) != check_byte:                    raise RuntimeError("Bad password for file", name)            return ZipExtFile(zef_file, mode, zinfo, zd,                    close_fileobj=should_close)        except:            if should_close:                zef_file.close()            raise    def extract(self, member, path=None, pwd=None):        """Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory,           using its full name. Its file information is extracted as accurately           as possible. `member‘ may be a filename or a ZipInfo object. You can           specify a different directory using `path‘.        """        if not isinstance(member, ZipInfo):            member = self.getinfo(member)        if path is None:            path = os.getcwd()        return self._extract_member(member, path, pwd)    def extractall(self, path=None, members=None, pwd=None):        """Extract all members from the archive to the current working           directory. `path‘ specifies a different directory to extract to.           `members‘ is optional and must be a subset of the list returned           by namelist().        """        if members is None:            members = self.namelist()        for zipinfo in members:            self.extract(zipinfo, path, pwd)    def _extract_member(self, member, targetpath, pwd):        """Extract the ZipInfo object ‘member‘ to a physical           file on the path targetpath.        """        # build the destination pathname, replacing        # forward slashes to platform specific separators.        arcname = member.filename.replace(‘/‘, os.path.sep)        if os.path.altsep:            arcname = arcname.replace(os.path.altsep, os.path.sep)        # interpret absolute pathname as relative, remove drive letter or        # UNC path, redundant separators, "." and ".." components.        arcname = os.path.splitdrive(arcname)[1]        arcname = os.path.sep.join(x for x in arcname.split(os.path.sep)                    if x not in (‘‘, os.path.curdir, os.path.pardir))        if os.path.sep == ‘\\‘:            # filter illegal characters on Windows            illegal = ‘:<>|"?*‘            if isinstance(arcname, unicode):                table = {ord(c): ord(‘_‘) for c in illegal}            else:                table = string.maketrans(illegal, ‘_‘ * len(illegal))            arcname = arcname.translate(table)            # remove trailing dots            arcname = (x.rstrip(‘.‘) for x in arcname.split(os.path.sep))            arcname = os.path.sep.join(x for x in arcname if x)        targetpath = os.path.join(targetpath, arcname)        targetpath = os.path.normpath(targetpath)        # Create all upper directories if necessary.        upperdirs = os.path.dirname(targetpath)        if upperdirs and not os.path.exists(upperdirs):            os.makedirs(upperdirs)        if member.filename[-1] == ‘/‘:            if not os.path.isdir(targetpath):                os.mkdir(targetpath)            return targetpath        with self.open(member, pwd=pwd) as source,              file(targetpath, "wb") as target:            shutil.copyfileobj(source, target)        return targetpath    def _writecheck(self, zinfo):        """Check for errors before writing a file to the archive."""        if zinfo.filename in self.NameToInfo:            import warnings            warnings.warn(‘Duplicate name: %r‘ % zinfo.filename, stacklevel=3)        if self.mode not in ("w", "a"):            raise RuntimeError, ‘write() requires mode "w" or "a"‘        if not self.fp:            raise RuntimeError,                   "Attempt to write ZIP archive that was already closed"        if zinfo.compress_type == ZIP_DEFLATED and not zlib:            raise RuntimeError,                   "Compression requires the (missing) zlib module"        if zinfo.compress_type not in (ZIP_STORED, ZIP_DEFLATED):            raise RuntimeError,                   "That compression method is not supported"        if not self._allowZip64:            requires_zip64 = None            if len(self.filelist) >= ZIP_FILECOUNT_LIMIT:                requires_zip64 = "Files count"            elif zinfo.file_size > ZIP64_LIMIT:                requires_zip64 = "Filesize"            elif zinfo.header_offset > ZIP64_LIMIT:                requires_zip64 = "Zipfile size"            if requires_zip64:                raise LargeZipFile(requires_zip64 +                                   " would require ZIP64 extensions")    def write(self, filename, arcname=None, compress_type=None):        """Put the bytes from filename into the archive under the name        arcname."""        if not self.fp:            raise RuntimeError(                  "Attempt to write to ZIP archive that was already closed")        st = os.stat(filename)        isdir = stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)        mtime = time.localtime(st.st_mtime)        date_time = mtime[0:6]        # Create ZipInfo instance to store file information        if arcname is None:            arcname = filename        arcname = os.path.normpath(os.path.splitdrive(arcname)[1])        while arcname[0] in (os.sep, os.altsep):            arcname = arcname[1:]        if isdir:            arcname += ‘/‘        zinfo = ZipInfo(arcname, date_time)        zinfo.external_attr = (st[0] & 0xFFFF) << 16L      # Unix attributes        if compress_type is None:            zinfo.compress_type = self.compression        else:            zinfo.compress_type = compress_type        zinfo.file_size = st.st_size        zinfo.flag_bits = 0x00        zinfo.header_offset = self.fp.tell()    # Start of header bytes        self._writecheck(zinfo)        self._didModify = True        if isdir:            zinfo.file_size = 0            zinfo.compress_size = 0            zinfo.CRC = 0            zinfo.external_attr |= 0x10  # MS-DOS directory flag            self.filelist.append(zinfo)            self.NameToInfo[zinfo.filename] = zinfo            self.fp.write(zinfo.FileHeader(False))            return        with open(filename, "rb") as fp:            # Must overwrite CRC and sizes with correct data later            zinfo.CRC = CRC = 0            zinfo.compress_size = compress_size = 0            # Compressed size can be larger than uncompressed size            zip64 = self._allowZip64 and                     zinfo.file_size * 1.05 > ZIP64_LIMIT            self.fp.write(zinfo.FileHeader(zip64))            if zinfo.compress_type == ZIP_DEFLATED:                cmpr = zlib.compressobj(zlib.Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION,                     zlib.DEFLATED, -15)            else:                cmpr = None            file_size = 0            while 1:                buf = fp.read(1024 * 8)                if not buf:                    break                file_size = file_size + len(buf)                CRC = crc32(buf, CRC) & 0xffffffff                if cmpr:                    buf = cmpr.compress(buf)                    compress_size = compress_size + len(buf)                self.fp.write(buf)        if cmpr:            buf = cmpr.flush()            compress_size = compress_size + len(buf)            self.fp.write(buf)            zinfo.compress_size = compress_size        else:            zinfo.compress_size = file_size        zinfo.CRC = CRC        zinfo.file_size = file_size        if not zip64 and self._allowZip64:            if file_size > ZIP64_LIMIT:                raise RuntimeError(‘File size has increased during compressing‘)            if compress_size > ZIP64_LIMIT:                raise RuntimeError(‘Compressed size larger than uncompressed size‘)        # Seek backwards and write file header (which will now include        # correct CRC and file sizes)        position = self.fp.tell()       # Preserve current position in file        self.fp.seek(zinfo.header_offset, 0)        self.fp.write(zinfo.FileHeader(zip64))        self.fp.seek(position, 0)        self.filelist.append(zinfo)        self.NameToInfo[zinfo.filename] = zinfo    def writestr(self, zinfo_or_arcname, bytes, compress_type=None):        """Write a file into the archive.  The contents is the string        ‘bytes‘.  ‘zinfo_or_arcname‘ is either a ZipInfo instance or        the name of the file in the archive."""        if not isinstance(zinfo_or_arcname, ZipInfo):            zinfo = ZipInfo(filename=zinfo_or_arcname,                            date_time=time.localtime(time.time())[:6])            zinfo.compress_type = self.compression            if zinfo.filename[-1] == ‘/‘:                zinfo.external_attr = 0o40775 << 16   # drwxrwxr-x                zinfo.external_attr |= 0x10           # MS-DOS directory flag            else:                zinfo.external_attr = 0o600 << 16     # ?rw-------        else:            zinfo = zinfo_or_arcname        if not self.fp:            raise RuntimeError(                  "Attempt to write to ZIP archive that was already closed")        if compress_type is not None:            zinfo.compress_type = compress_type        zinfo.file_size = len(bytes)            # Uncompressed size        zinfo.header_offset = self.fp.tell()    # Start of header bytes        self._writecheck(zinfo)        self._didModify = True        zinfo.CRC = crc32(bytes) & 0xffffffff       # CRC-32 checksum        if zinfo.compress_type == ZIP_DEFLATED:            co = zlib.compressobj(zlib.Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION,                 zlib.DEFLATED, -15)            bytes = co.compress(bytes) + co.flush()            zinfo.compress_size = len(bytes)    # Compressed size        else:            zinfo.compress_size = zinfo.file_size        zip64 = zinfo.file_size > ZIP64_LIMIT or                 zinfo.compress_size > ZIP64_LIMIT        if zip64 and not self._allowZip64:            raise LargeZipFile("Filesize would require ZIP64 extensions")        self.fp.write(zinfo.FileHeader(zip64))        self.fp.write(bytes)        if zinfo.flag_bits & 0x08:            # Write CRC and file sizes after the file data            fmt = ‘<LQQ‘ if zip64 else ‘<LLL‘            self.fp.write(struct.pack(fmt, zinfo.CRC, zinfo.compress_size,                  zinfo.file_size))        self.fp.flush()        self.filelist.append(zinfo)        self.NameToInfo[zinfo.filename] = zinfo    def __del__(self):        """Call the "close()" method in case the user forgot."""        self.close()    def close(self):        """Close the file, and for mode "w" and "a" write the ending        records."""        if self.fp is None:            return        try:            if self.mode in ("w", "a") and self._didModify: # write ending records                pos1 = self.fp.tell()                for zinfo in self.filelist:         # write central directory                    dt = zinfo.date_time                    dosdate = (dt[0] - 1980) << 9 | dt[1] << 5 | dt[2]                    dostime = dt[3] << 11 | dt[4] << 5 | (dt[5] // 2)                    extra = []                    if zinfo.file_size > ZIP64_LIMIT                             or zinfo.compress_size > ZIP64_LIMIT:                        extra.append(zinfo.file_size)                        extra.append(zinfo.compress_size)                        file_size = 0xffffffff                        compress_size = 0xffffffff                    else:                        file_size = zinfo.file_size                        compress_size = zinfo.compress_size                    if zinfo.header_offset > ZIP64_LIMIT:                        extra.append(zinfo.header_offset)                        header_offset = 0xffffffffL                    else:                        header_offset = zinfo.header_offset                    extra_data = zinfo.extra                    if extra:                        # Append a ZIP64 field to the extra‘s                        extra_data =http://www.mamicode.com/ struct.pack(                                ‘<HH‘ + ‘Q‘*len(extra),                                1, 8*len(extra), *extra) + extra_data                        extract_version = max(45, zinfo.extract_version)                        create_version = max(45, zinfo.create_version)                    else:                        extract_version = zinfo.extract_version                        create_version = zinfo.create_version                    try:                        filename, flag_bits = zinfo._encodeFilenameFlags()                        centdir = struct.pack(structCentralDir,                        stringCentralDir, create_version,                        zinfo.create_system, extract_version, zinfo.reserved,                        flag_bits, zinfo.compress_type, dostime, dosdate,                        zinfo.CRC, compress_size, file_size,                        len(filename), len(extra_data), len(zinfo.comment),                        0, zinfo.internal_attr, zinfo.external_attr,                        header_offset)                    except DeprecationWarning:                        print >>sys.stderr, (structCentralDir,                        stringCentralDir, create_version,                        zinfo.create_system, extract_version, zinfo.reserved,                        zinfo.flag_bits, zinfo.compress_type, dostime, dosdate,                        zinfo.CRC, compress_size, file_size,                        len(zinfo.filename), len(extra_data), len(zinfo.comment),                        0, zinfo.internal_attr, zinfo.external_attr,                        header_offset)                        raise                    self.fp.write(centdir)                    self.fp.write(filename)                    self.fp.write(extra_data)                    self.fp.write(zinfo.comment)                pos2 = self.fp.tell()                # Write end-of-zip-archive record                centDirCount = len(self.filelist)                centDirSize = pos2 - pos1                centDirOffset = pos1                requires_zip64 = None                if centDirCount > ZIP_FILECOUNT_LIMIT:                    requires_zip64 = "Files count"                elif centDirOffset > ZIP64_LIMIT:                    requires_zip64 = "Central directory offset"                elif centDirSize > ZIP64_LIMIT:                    requires_zip64 = "Central directory size"                if requires_zip64:                    # Need to write the ZIP64 end-of-archive records                    if not self._allowZip64:                        raise LargeZipFile(requires_zip64 +                                           " would require ZIP64 extensions")                    zip64endrec = struct.pack(                            structEndArchive64, stringEndArchive64,                            44, 45, 45, 0, 0, centDirCount, centDirCount,                            centDirSize, centDirOffset)                    self.fp.write(zip64endrec)                    zip64locrec = struct.pack(                            structEndArchive64Locator,                            stringEndArchive64Locator, 0, pos2, 1)                    self.fp.write(zip64locrec)                    centDirCount = min(centDirCount, 0xFFFF)                    centDirSize = min(centDirSize, 0xFFFFFFFF)                    centDirOffset = min(centDirOffset, 0xFFFFFFFF)                endrec = struct.pack(structEndArchive, stringEndArchive,                                    0, 0, centDirCount, centDirCount,                                    centDirSize, centDirOffset, len(self._comment))                self.fp.write(endrec)                self.fp.write(self._comment)                self.fp.flush()        finally:            fp = self.fp            self.fp = None            if not self._filePassed:                fp.close()

class TarFile(object):    """The TarFile Class provides an interface to tar archives.    """    debug = 0                   # May be set from 0 (no msgs) to 3 (all msgs)    dereference = False         # If true, add content of linked file to the                                # tar file, else the link.    ignore_zeros = False        # If true, skips empty or invalid blocks and                                # continues processing.    errorlevel = 1              # If 0, fatal errors only appear in debug                                # messages (if debug >= 0). If > 0, errors                                # are passed to the caller as exceptions.    format = DEFAULT_FORMAT     # The format to use when creating an archive.    encoding = ENCODING         # Encoding for 8-bit character strings.    errors = None               # Error handler for unicode conversion.    tarinfo = TarInfo           # The default TarInfo class to use.    fileobject = ExFileObject   # The default ExFileObject class to use.    def __init__(self, name=None, mode="r", fileobj=None, format=None,            tarinfo=None, dereference=None, ignore_zeros=None, encoding=None,            errors=None, pax_headers=None, debug=None, errorlevel=None):        """Open an (uncompressed) tar archive `name‘. `mode‘ is either ‘r‘ to           read from an existing archive, ‘a‘ to append data to an existing           file or ‘w‘ to create a new file overwriting an existing one. `mode‘           defaults to ‘r‘.           If `fileobj‘ is given, it is used for reading or writing data. If it           can be determined, `mode‘ is overridden by `fileobj‘s mode.           `fileobj‘ is not closed, when TarFile is closed.        """        modes = {"r": "rb", "a": "r+b", "w": "wb"}        if mode not in modes:            raise ValueError("mode must be ‘r‘, ‘a‘ or ‘w‘")        self.mode = mode        self._mode = modes[mode]        if not fileobj:            if self.mode == "a" and not os.path.exists(name):                # Create nonexistent files in append mode.                self.mode = "w"                self._mode = "wb"            fileobj = bltn_open(name, self._mode)            self._extfileobj = False        else:            if name is None and hasattr(fileobj, "name"):                name = fileobj.name            if hasattr(fileobj, "mode"):                self._mode = fileobj.mode            self._extfileobj = True        self.name = os.path.abspath(name) if name else None        self.fileobj = fileobj        # Init attributes.        if format is not None:            self.format = format        if tarinfo is not None:            self.tarinfo = tarinfo        if dereference is not None:            self.dereference = dereference        if ignore_zeros is not None:            self.ignore_zeros = ignore_zeros        if encoding is not None:            self.encoding = encoding        if errors is not None:            self.errors = errors        elif mode == "r":            self.errors = "utf-8"        else:            self.errors = "strict"        if pax_headers is not None and self.format == PAX_FORMAT:            self.pax_headers = pax_headers        else:            self.pax_headers = {}        if debug is not None:            self.debug = debug        if errorlevel is not None:            self.errorlevel = errorlevel        # Init datastructures.        self.closed = False        self.members = []       # list of members as TarInfo objects        self._loaded = False    # flag if all members have been read        self.offset = self.fileobj.tell()                                # current position in the archive file        self.inodes = {}        # dictionary caching the inodes of                                # archive members already added        try:            if self.mode == "r":                self.firstmember = None                self.firstmember = self.next()            if self.mode == "a":                # Move to the end of the archive,                # before the first empty block.                while True:                    self.fileobj.seek(self.offset)                    try:                        tarinfo = self.tarinfo.fromtarfile(self)                        self.members.append(tarinfo)                    except EOFHeaderError:                        self.fileobj.seek(self.offset)                        break                    except HeaderError, e:                        raise ReadError(str(e))            if self.mode in "aw":                self._loaded = True                if self.pax_headers:                    buf = self.tarinfo.create_pax_global_header(self.pax_headers.copy())                    self.fileobj.write(buf)                    self.offset += len(buf)        except:            if not self._extfileobj:                self.fileobj.close()            self.closed = True            raise    def _getposix(self):        return self.format == USTAR_FORMAT    def _setposix(self, value):        import warnings        warnings.warn("use the format attribute instead", DeprecationWarning,                      2)        if value:            self.format = USTAR_FORMAT        else:            self.format = GNU_FORMAT    posix = property(_getposix, _setposix)    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------    # Below are the classmethods which act as alternate constructors to the    # TarFile class. The open() method is the only one that is needed for    # public use; it is the "super"-constructor and is able to select an    # adequate "sub"-constructor for a particular compression using the mapping    # from OPEN_METH.    #    # This concept allows one to subclass TarFile without losing the comfort of    # the super-constructor. A sub-constructor is registered and made available    # by adding it to the mapping in OPEN_METH.    @classmethod    def open(cls, name=None, mode="r", fileobj=None, bufsize=RECORDSIZE, **kwargs):        """Open a tar archive for reading, writing or appending. Return           an appropriate TarFile class.           mode:           ‘r‘ or ‘r:*‘ open for reading with transparent compression           ‘r:‘         open for reading exclusively uncompressed           ‘r:gz‘       open for reading with gzip compression           ‘r:bz2‘      open for reading with bzip2 compression           ‘a‘ or ‘a:‘  open for appending, creating the file if necessary           ‘w‘ or ‘w:‘  open for writing without compression           ‘w:gz‘       open for writing with gzip compression           ‘w:bz2‘      open for writing with bzip2 compression           ‘r|*‘        open a stream of tar blocks with transparent compression           ‘r|‘         open an uncompressed stream of tar blocks for reading           ‘r|gz‘       open a gzip compressed stream of tar blocks           ‘r|bz2‘      open a bzip2 compressed stream of tar blocks           ‘w|‘         open an uncompressed stream for writing           ‘w|gz‘       open a gzip compressed stream for writing           ‘w|bz2‘      open a bzip2 compressed stream for writing        """        if not name and not fileobj:            raise ValueError("nothing to open")        if mode in ("r", "r:*"):            # Find out which *open() is appropriate for opening the file.            for comptype in cls.OPEN_METH:                func = getattr(cls, cls.OPEN_METH[comptype])                if fileobj is not None:                    saved_pos = fileobj.tell()                try:                    return func(name, "r", fileobj, **kwargs)                except (ReadError, CompressionError), e:                    if fileobj is not None:                        fileobj.seek(saved_pos)                    continue            raise ReadError("file could not be opened successfully")        elif ":" in mode:            filemode, comptype = mode.split(":", 1)            filemode = filemode or "r"            comptype = comptype or "tar"            # Select the *open() function according to            # given compression.            if comptype in cls.OPEN_METH:                func = getattr(cls, cls.OPEN_METH[comptype])            else:                raise CompressionError("unknown compression type %r" % comptype)            return func(name, filemode, fileobj, **kwargs)        elif "|" in mode:            filemode, comptype = mode.split("|", 1)            filemode = filemode or "r"            comptype = comptype or "tar"            if filemode not in ("r", "w"):                raise ValueError("mode must be ‘r‘ or ‘w‘")            stream = _Stream(name, filemode, comptype, fileobj, bufsize)            try:                t = cls(name, filemode, stream, **kwargs)            except:                stream.close()                raise            t._extfileobj = False            return t        elif mode in ("a", "w"):            return cls.taropen(name, mode, fileobj, **kwargs)        raise ValueError("undiscernible mode")    @classmethod    def taropen(cls, name, mode="r", fileobj=None, **kwargs):        """Open uncompressed tar archive name for reading or writing.        """        if mode not in ("r", "a", "w"):            raise ValueError("mode must be ‘r‘, ‘a‘ or ‘w‘")        return cls(name, mode, fileobj, **kwargs)    @classmethod    def gzopen(cls, name, mode="r", fileobj=None, compresslevel=9, **kwargs):        """Open gzip compressed tar archive name for reading or writing.           Appending is not allowed.        """        if mode not in ("r", "w"):            raise ValueError("mode must be ‘r‘ or ‘w‘")        try:            import gzip            gzip.GzipFile        except (ImportError, AttributeError):            raise CompressionError("gzip module is not available")        try:            fileobj = gzip.GzipFile(name, mode, compresslevel, fileobj)        except OSError:            if fileobj is not None and mode == ‘r‘:                raise ReadError("not a gzip file")            raise        try:            t = cls.taropen(name, mode, fileobj, **kwargs)        except IOError:            fileobj.close()            if mode == ‘r‘:                raise ReadError("not a gzip file")            raise        except:            fileobj.close()            raise        t._extfileobj = False        return t    @classmethod    def bz2open(cls, name, mode="r", fileobj=None, compresslevel=9, **kwargs):        """Open bzip2 compressed tar archive name for reading or writing.           Appending is not allowed.        """        if mode not in ("r", "w"):            raise ValueError("mode must be ‘r‘ or ‘w‘.")        try:            import bz2        except ImportError:            raise CompressionError("bz2 module is not available")        if fileobj is not None:            fileobj = _BZ2Proxy(fileobj, mode)        else:            fileobj = bz2.BZ2File(name, mode, compresslevel=compresslevel)        try:            t = cls.taropen(name, mode, fileobj, **kwargs)        except (IOError, EOFError):            fileobj.close()            if mode == ‘r‘:                raise ReadError("not a bzip2 file")            raise        except:            fileobj.close()            raise        t._extfileobj = False        return t    # All *open() methods are registered here.    OPEN_METH = {        "tar": "taropen",   # uncompressed tar        "gz":  "gzopen",    # gzip compressed tar        "bz2": "bz2open"    # bzip2 compressed tar    }    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------    # The public methods which TarFile provides:    def close(self):        """Close the TarFile. In write-mode, two finishing zero blocks are           appended to the archive.        """        if self.closed:            return        if self.mode in "aw":            self.fileobj.write(NUL * (BLOCKSIZE * 2))            self.offset += (BLOCKSIZE * 2)            # fill up the end with zero-blocks            # (like option -b20 for tar does)            blocks, remainder = divmod(self.offset, RECORDSIZE)            if remainder > 0:                self.fileobj.write(NUL * (RECORDSIZE - remainder))        if not self._extfileobj:            self.fileobj.close()        self.closed = True    def getmember(self, name):        """Return a TarInfo object for member `name‘. If `name‘ can not be           found in the archive, KeyError is raised. If a member occurs more           than once in the archive, its last occurrence is assumed to be the           most up-to-date version.        """        tarinfo = self._getmember(name)        if tarinfo is None:            raise KeyError("filename %r not found" % name)        return tarinfo    def getmembers(self):        """Return the members of the archive as a list of TarInfo objects. The           list has the same order as the members in the archive.        """        self._check()        if not self._loaded:    # if we want to obtain a list of            self._load()        # all members, we first have to                                # scan the whole archive.        return self.members    def getnames(self):        """Return the members of the archive as a list of their names. It has           the same order as the list returned by getmembers().        """        return [tarinfo.name for tarinfo in self.getmembers()]    def gettarinfo(self, name=None, arcname=None, fileobj=None):        """Create a TarInfo object for either the file `name‘ or the file           object `fileobj‘ (using os.fstat on its file descriptor). You can           modify some of the TarInfo‘s attributes before you add it using           addfile(). If given, `arcname‘ specifies an alternative name for the           file in the archive.        """        self._check("aw")        # When fileobj is given, replace name by        # fileobj‘s real name.        if fileobj is not None:            name = fileobj.name        # Building the name of the member in the archive.        # Backward slashes are converted to forward slashes,        # Absolute paths are turned to relative paths.        if arcname is None:            arcname = name        drv, arcname = os.path.splitdrive(arcname)        arcname = arcname.replace(os.sep, "/")        arcname = arcname.lstrip("/")        # Now, fill the TarInfo object with        # information specific for the file.        tarinfo = self.tarinfo()        tarinfo.tarfile = self        # Use os.stat or os.lstat, depending on platform        # and if symlinks shall be resolved.        if fileobj is None:            if hasattr(os, "lstat") and not self.dereference:                statres = os.lstat(name)            else:                statres = os.stat(name)        else:            statres = os.fstat(fileobj.fileno())        linkname = ""        stmd = statres.st_mode        if stat.S_ISREG(stmd):            inode = (statres.st_ino, statres.st_dev)            if not self.dereference and statres.st_nlink > 1 and                     inode in self.inodes and arcname != self.inodes[inode]:                # Is it a hardlink to an already                # archived file?                type = LNKTYPE                linkname = self.inodes[inode]            else:                # The inode is added only if its valid.                # For win32 it is always 0.                type = REGTYPE                if inode[0]:                    self.inodes[inode] = arcname        elif stat.S_ISDIR(stmd):            type = DIRTYPE        elif stat.S_ISFIFO(stmd):            type = FIFOTYPE        elif stat.S_ISLNK(stmd):            type = SYMTYPE            linkname = os.readlink(name)        elif stat.S_ISCHR(stmd):            type = CHRTYPE        elif stat.S_ISBLK(stmd):            type = BLKTYPE        else:            return None        # Fill the TarInfo object with all        # information we can get.        tarinfo.name = arcname        tarinfo.mode = stmd        tarinfo.uid = statres.st_uid        tarinfo.gid = statres.st_gid        if type == REGTYPE:            tarinfo.size = statres.st_size        else:            tarinfo.size = 0L        tarinfo.mtime = statres.st_mtime        tarinfo.type = type        tarinfo.linkname = linkname        if pwd:            try:                tarinfo.uname = pwd.getpwuid(tarinfo.uid)[0]            except KeyError:                pass        if grp:            try:                tarinfo.gname = grp.getgrgid(tarinfo.gid)[0]            except KeyError:                pass        if type in (CHRTYPE, BLKTYPE):            if hasattr(os, "major") and hasattr(os, "minor"):                tarinfo.devmajor = os.major(statres.st_rdev)                tarinfo.devminor = os.minor(statres.st_rdev)        return tarinfo    def list(self, verbose=True):        """Print a table of contents to sys.stdout. If `verbose‘ is False, only           the names of the members are printed. If it is True, an `ls -l‘-like           output is produced.        """        self._check()        for tarinfo in self:            if verbose:                print filemode(tarinfo.mode),                print "%s/%s" % (tarinfo.uname or tarinfo.uid,                                 tarinfo.gname or tarinfo.gid),                if tarinfo.ischr() or tarinfo.isblk():                    print "%10s" % ("%d,%d"                                     % (tarinfo.devmajor, tarinfo.devminor)),                else:                    print "%10d" % tarinfo.size,                print "%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d"                       % time.localtime(tarinfo.mtime)[:6],            print tarinfo.name + ("/" if tarinfo.isdir() else ""),            if verbose:                if tarinfo.issym():                    print "->", tarinfo.linkname,                if tarinfo.islnk():                    print "link to", tarinfo.linkname,            print    def add(self, name, arcname=None, recursive=True, exclude=None, filter=None):        """Add the file `name‘ to the archive. `name‘ may be any type of file           (directory, fifo, symbolic link, etc.). If given, `arcname‘           specifies an alternative name for the file in the archive.           Directories are added recursively by default. This can be avoided by           setting `recursive‘ to False. `exclude‘ is a function that should           return True for each filename to be excluded. `filter‘ is a function           that expects a TarInfo object argument and returns the changed           TarInfo object, if it returns None the TarInfo object will be           excluded from the archive.        """        self._check("aw")        if arcname is None:            arcname = name        # Exclude pathnames.        if exclude is not None:            import warnings            warnings.warn("use the filter argument instead",                    DeprecationWarning, 2)            if exclude(name):                self._dbg(2, "tarfile: Excluded %r" % name)                return        # Skip if somebody tries to archive the archive...        if self.name is not None and os.path.abspath(name) == self.name:            self._dbg(2, "tarfile: Skipped %r" % name)            return        self._dbg(1, name)        # Create a TarInfo object from the file.        tarinfo = self.gettarinfo(name, arcname)        if tarinfo is None:            self._dbg(1, "tarfile: Unsupported type %r" % name)            return        # Change or exclude the TarInfo object.        if filter is not None:            tarinfo = filter(tarinfo)            if tarinfo is None:                self._dbg(2, "tarfile: Excluded %r" % name)                return        # Append the tar header and data to the archive.        if tarinfo.isreg():            with bltn_open(name, "rb") as f:                self.addfile(tarinfo, f)        elif tarinfo.isdir():            self.addfile(tarinfo)            if recursive:                for f in os.listdir(name):                    self.add(os.path.join(name, f), os.path.join(arcname, f),                            recursive, exclude, filter)        else:            self.addfile(tarinfo)    def addfile(self, tarinfo, fileobj=None):        """Add the TarInfo object `tarinfo‘ to the archive. If `fileobj‘ is           given, tarinfo.size bytes are read from it and added to the archive.           You can create TarInfo objects using gettarinfo().           On Windows platforms, `fileobj‘ should always be opened with mode           ‘rb‘ to avoid irritation about the file size.        """        self._check("aw")        tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo)        buf = tarinfo.tobuf(self.format, self.encoding, self.errors)        self.fileobj.write(buf)        self.offset += len(buf)        # If there‘s data to follow, append it.        if fileobj is not None:            copyfileobj(fileobj, self.fileobj, tarinfo.size)            blocks, remainder = divmod(tarinfo.size, BLOCKSIZE)            if remainder > 0:                self.fileobj.write(NUL * (BLOCKSIZE - remainder))                blocks += 1            self.offset += blocks * BLOCKSIZE        self.members.append(tarinfo)    def extractall(self, path=".", members=None):        """Extract all members from the archive to the current working           directory and set owner, modification time and permissions on           directories afterwards. `path‘ specifies a different directory           to extract to. `members‘ is optional and must be a subset of the           list returned by getmembers().        """        directories = []        if members is None:            members = self        for tarinfo in members:            if tarinfo.isdir():                # Extract directories with a safe mode.                directories.append(tarinfo)                tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo)                tarinfo.mode = 0700            self.extract(tarinfo, path)        # Reverse sort directories.        directories.sort(key=operator.attrgetter(‘name‘))        directories.reverse()        # Set correct owner, mtime and filemode on directories.        for tarinfo in directories:            dirpath = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name)            try:                self.chown(tarinfo, dirpath)                self.utime(tarinfo, dirpath)                self.chmod(tarinfo, dirpath)            except ExtractError, e:                if self.errorlevel > 1:                    raise                else:                    self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e)    def extract(self, member, path=""):        """Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory,           using its full name. Its file information is extracted as accurately           as possible. `member‘ may be a filename or a TarInfo object. You can           specify a different directory using `path‘.        """        self._check("r")        if isinstance(member, basestring):            tarinfo = self.getmember(member)        else:            tarinfo = member        # Prepare the link target for makelink().        if tarinfo.islnk():            tarinfo._link_target = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.linkname)        try:            self._extract_member(tarinfo, os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name))        except EnvironmentError, e:            if self.errorlevel > 0:                raise            else:                if e.filename is None:                    self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e.strerror)                else:                    self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s %r" % (e.strerror, e.filename))        except ExtractError, e:            if self.errorlevel > 1:                raise            else:                self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e)    def extractfile(self, member):        """Extract a member from the archive as a file object. `member‘ may be           a filename or a TarInfo object. If `member‘ is a regular file, a           file-like object is returned. If `member‘ is a link, a file-like           object is constructed from the link‘s target. If `member‘ is none of           the above, None is returned.           The file-like object is read-only and provides the following           methods: read(), readline(), readlines(), seek() and tell()        """        self._check("r")        if isinstance(member, basestring):            tarinfo = self.getmember(member)        else:            tarinfo = member        if tarinfo.isreg():            return self.fileobject(self, tarinfo)        elif tarinfo.type not in SUPPORTED_TYPES:            # If a member‘s type is unknown, it is treated as a            # regular file.            return self.fileobject(self, tarinfo)        elif tarinfo.islnk() or tarinfo.issym():            if isinstance(self.fileobj, _Stream):                # A small but ugly workaround for the case that someone tries                # to extract a (sym)link as a file-object from a non-seekable                # stream of tar blocks.                raise StreamError("cannot extract (sym)link as file object")            else:                # A (sym)link‘s file object is its target‘s file object.                return self.extractfile(self._find_link_target(tarinfo))        else:            # If there‘s no data associated with the member (directory, chrdev,            # blkdev, etc.), return None instead of a file object.            return None    def _extract_member(self, tarinfo, targetpath):        """Extract the TarInfo object tarinfo to a physical           file called targetpath.        """        # Fetch the TarInfo object for the given name        # and build the destination pathname, replacing        # forward slashes to platform specific separators.        targetpath = targetpath.rstrip("/")        targetpath = targetpath.replace("/", os.sep)        # Create all upper directories.        upperdirs = os.path.dirname(targetpath)        if upperdirs and not os.path.exists(upperdirs):            # Create directories that are not part of the archive with            # default permissions.            os.makedirs(upperdirs)        if tarinfo.islnk() or tarinfo.issym():            self._dbg(1, "%s -> %s" % (tarinfo.name, tarinfo.linkname))        else:            self._dbg(1, tarinfo.name)        if tarinfo.isreg():            self.makefile(tarinfo, targetpath)        elif tarinfo.isdir():            self.makedir(tarinfo, targetpath)        elif tarinfo.isfifo():            self.makefifo(tarinfo, targetpath)        elif tarinfo.ischr() or tarinfo.isblk():            self.makedev(tarinfo, targetpath)        elif tarinfo.islnk() or tarinfo.issym():            self.makelink(tarinfo, targetpath)        elif tarinfo.type not in SUPPORTED_TYPES:            self.makeunknown(tarinfo, targetpath)        else:            self.makefile(tarinfo, targetpath)        self.chown(tarinfo, targetpath)        if not tarinfo.issym():            self.chmod(tarinfo, targetpath)            self.utime(tarinfo, targetpath)    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------    # Below are the different file methods. They are called via    # _extract_member() when extract() is called. They can be replaced in a    # subclass to implement other functionality.    def makedir(self, tarinfo, targetpath):        """Make a directory called targetpath.        """        try:            # Use a safe mode for the directory, the real mode is set            # later in _extract_member().            os.mkdir(targetpath, 0700)        except EnvironmentError, e:            if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:                raise    def makefile(self, tarinfo, targetpath):        """Make a file called targetpath.        """        source = self.extractfile(tarinfo)        try:            with bltn_open(targetpath, "wb") as target:                copyfileobj(source, target)        finally:            source.close()    def makeunknown(self, tarinfo, targetpath):        """Make a file from a TarInfo object with an unknown type           at targetpath.        """        self.makefile(tarinfo, targetpath)        self._dbg(1, "tarfile: Unknown file type %r, "                      "extracted as regular file." % tarinfo.type)    def makefifo(self, tarinfo, targetpath):        """Make a fifo called targetpath.        """        if hasattr(os, "mkfifo"):            os.mkfifo(targetpath)        else:            raise ExtractError("fifo not supported by system")    def makedev(self, tarinfo, targetpath):        """Make a character or block device called targetpath.        """        if not hasattr(os, "mknod") or not hasattr(os, "makedev"):            raise ExtractError("special devices not supported by system")        mode = tarinfo.mode        if tarinfo.isblk():            mode |= stat.S_IFBLK        else:            mode |= stat.S_IFCHR        os.mknod(targetpath, mode,                 os.makedev(tarinfo.devmajor, tarinfo.devminor))    def makelink(self, tarinfo, targetpath):        """Make a (symbolic) link called targetpath. If it cannot be created          (platform limitation), we try to make a copy of the referenced file          instead of a link.        """        if hasattr(os, "symlink") and hasattr(os, "link"):            # For systems that support symbolic and hard links.            if tarinfo.issym():                if os.path.lexists(targetpath):                    os.unlink(targetpath)                os.symlink(tarinfo.linkname, targetpath)            else:                # See extract().                if os.path.exists(tarinfo._link_target):                    if os.path.lexists(targetpath):                        os.unlink(targetpath)                    os.link(tarinfo._link_target, targetpath)                else:                    self._extract_member(self._find_link_target(tarinfo), targetpath)        else:            try:                self._extract_member(self._find_link_target(tarinfo), targetpath)            except KeyError:                raise ExtractError("unable to resolve link inside archive")    def chown(self, tarinfo, targetpath):        """Set owner of targetpath according to tarinfo.        """        if pwd and hasattr(os, "geteuid") and os.geteuid() == 0:            # We have to be root to do so.            try:                g = grp.getgrnam(tarinfo.gname)[2]            except KeyError:                g = tarinfo.gid            try:                u = pwd.getpwnam(tarinfo.uname)[2]            except KeyError:                u = tarinfo.uid            try:                if tarinfo.issym() and hasattr(os, "lchown"):                    os.lchown(targetpath, u, g)                else:                    if sys.platform != "os2emx":                        os.chown(targetpath, u, g)            except EnvironmentError, e:                raise ExtractError("could not change owner")    def chmod(self, tarinfo, targetpath):        """Set file permissions of targetpath according to tarinfo.        """        if hasattr(os, ‘chmod‘):            try:                os.chmod(targetpath, tarinfo.mode)            except EnvironmentError, e:                raise ExtractError("could not change mode")    def utime(self, tarinfo, targetpath):        """Set modification time of targetpath according to tarinfo.        """        if not hasattr(os, ‘utime‘):            return        try:            os.utime(targetpath, (tarinfo.mtime, tarinfo.mtime))        except EnvironmentError, e:            raise ExtractError("could not change modification time")    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------    def next(self):        """Return the next member of the archive as a TarInfo object, when           TarFile is opened for reading. Return None if there is no more           available.        """        self._check("ra")        if self.firstmember is not None:            m = self.firstmember            self.firstmember = None            return m        # Read the next block.        self.fileobj.seek(self.offset)        tarinfo = None        while True:            try:                tarinfo = self.tarinfo.fromtarfile(self)            except EOFHeaderError, e:                if self.ignore_zeros:                    self._dbg(2, "0x%X: %s" % (self.offset, e))                    self.offset += BLOCKSIZE                    continue            except InvalidHeaderError, e:                if self.ignore_zeros:                    self._dbg(2, "0x%X: %s" % (self.offset, e))                    self.offset += BLOCKSIZE                    continue                elif self.offset == 0:                    raise ReadError(str(e))            except EmptyHeaderError:                if self.offset == 0:                    raise ReadError("empty file")            except TruncatedHeaderError, e:                if self.offset == 0:                    raise ReadError(str(e))            except SubsequentHeaderError, e:                raise ReadError(str(e))            break        if tarinfo is not None:            self.members.append(tarinfo)        else:            self._loaded = True        return tarinfo    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------    # Little helper methods:    def _getmember(self, name, tarinfo=None, normalize=False):        """Find an archive member by name from bottom to top.           If tarinfo is given, it is used as the starting point.        """        # Ensure that all members have been loaded.        members = self.getmembers()        # Limit the member search list up to tarinfo.        if tarinfo is not None:            members = members[:members.index(tarinfo)]        if normalize:            name = os.path.normpath(name)        for member in reversed(members):            if normalize:                member_name = os.path.normpath(member.name)            else:                member_name = member.name            if name == member_name:                return member    def _load(self):        """Read through the entire archive file and look for readable           members.        """        while True:            tarinfo = self.next()            if tarinfo is None:                break        self._loaded = True    def _check(self, mode=None):        """Check if TarFile is still open, and if the operation‘s mode           corresponds to TarFile‘s mode.        """        if self.closed:            raise IOError("%s is closed" % self.__class__.__name__)        if mode is not None and self.mode not in mode:            raise IOError("bad operation for mode %r" % self.mode)    def _find_link_target(self, tarinfo):        """Find the target member of a symlink or hardlink member in the           archive.        """        if tarinfo.issym():            # Always search the entire archive.            linkname = "/".join(filter(None, (os.path.dirname(tarinfo.name), tarinfo.linkname)))            limit = None        else:            # Search the archive before the link, because a hard link is            # just a reference to an already archived file.            linkname = tarinfo.linkname            limit = tarinfo        member = self._getmember(linkname, tarinfo=limit, normalize=True)        if member is None:            raise KeyError("linkname %r not found" % linkname)        return member    def __iter__(self):        """Provide an iterator object.        """        if self._loaded:            return iter(self.members)        else:            return TarIter(self)    def _dbg(self, level, msg):        """Write debugging output to sys.stderr.        """        if level <= self.debug:            print >> sys.stderr, msg    def __enter__(self):        self._check()        return self    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):        if type is None:            self.close()        else:            # An exception occurred. We must not call close() because            # it would try to write end-of-archive blocks and padding.            if not self._extfileobj:                self.fileobj.close()            self.closed = True# class TarFile