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Powershell 之管理Linux服务器
PS本身是基于.NET框架的脚本开发工具，要想直接在Linux上运行，那几乎是不可能的。
了解Ansible的同学应该都知道其原理，PS也一样可以实现其相同的功能，要想完全拷贝，还是要下一番功夫的，这里呢只是简单介绍通过PS远程连接到Linux服务器。
PS要连接Linux服务器，我们需要先下载SSH模块，请下载附件，成功下载后请将其进行注册（直接放到 C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules），再通过命令验证是否成功
import-model posh-ssh
posh-ssh模块支持很多功能，这里只写两个，一个是SSH Command，一个是SSH SFTP。
SSH SESSION
#
#使用SSH协议连接服务器
#return Object @session
#
function ssh-connection{
param(
[string][alias(‘s‘)]$computer,
[int][alias(‘p‘)]$port=22,
[string][alias(‘u‘)]$user,
[string][alias(‘pw‘)]$pwd
)
#
#检查是否有配置连接信息
#
if($computer -eq $null -or $user -eq $null -or $pwd -eq $null){
Write-Warning "Useage: conn -s ComputerName|IPAddress [-p Port] -u Username -pw Password"
exit 1
}
#
#检查机器名称是否规范
#
$computer=check -s $computer
#if(!($session=Get-SSHSession|?{$_.host -eq $computer})){
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString $pwd -AsPlainText -Force
$Credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($user,$password)
$session=
try{
New-SshSession -ComputerName $computer -Port $port -Credential $Credential -AcceptKey
Write-Host "A new ssh session has created,user $user logon on $computer" -fore Green
}catch{
Write-Error $Error[0]
#Write-Error "Can‘t ssh connection this server $computer,pls check."
exit 1
}
#}
return $session
}SFTP-SESSION
#
#使用SFTP协议连接服务器
#return Object @session
#
function sftp-connection{
param(
[string][alias(‘s‘)]$computer,
[int][alias(‘p‘)]$port=22,
[string][alias(‘u‘)]$user,
[string][alias(‘pw‘)]$pwd
)
#
#检查是否有配置连接信息
#
if($computer -eq $null -or $user -eq $null -or $pwd -eq $null){
Write-Warning "Useage: sftp-connection -s ComputerName|IPAddress [-p Port] -u Username -pw Password"
exit 1
}
#
#检查机器名称是否规范
#
$computer=check -s $computer
#if(!($session=Get-SSHSession|?{$_.host -eq $computer})){
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString $pwd -AsPlainText -Force
$Credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($user,$password)
$session=
try{
New-SFTPSession -ComputerName $computer -Port $port -Credential $Credential -AcceptKey
Write-Host "A new sftp session has connected,user $user logon on $computer!" -fore Green
}catch{
Write-Error "Can‘t sftp connection this server $computer,pls check."
exit 1
}
#}
return $session
}在使用过程中为了防止建立多个SESSION的情况，写了一个判断当前服务器是否存在SESSION的脚本，如下：
#
#检查SSH连接是否存在，如不存在则创建会话
#return Object @session
#
function IsConnectionned{
switch($args[0]){
‘ssh‘ {
$session=Get-SSHSession|?{$_.host -eq $computer}
if(! $session){
ssh-connection -s $computer -u $user -pw $passwd
}else{
if($session.gettype().isarray){
#如果当前存在多个Session连接，则只保留其中一个
for($i=1;$i -lt $session.count;$i++){
try{
$sessionid=$session[$i].sessionid
Remove-SSHSession -SessionId $sessionid
Write-Host "A ssh session has removed,sessionID is $sessionid" -fore Green
}catch{
writelog $error[0]
}
}
$session=$session[0]
}
}
return $session
}
‘sftp‘ {
$session=Get-SFTPSession|?{$_.host -eq $computer}
if(! $session){
$session=sftp-connection -s $computer -u $user -pw $passwd
}else{
if($session.gettype().isarray){
#如果当前存在多个Session连接，则只保留其中一个
for($i=1;$i -lt $session.count;$i++){
try{
$sessionid=$session[$i].sessionid
Remove-SSHSession -SessionId $sessionid
Write-Host "A ssh session has removed,sessionID is $sessionid" -fore Green
}catch{
writelog $error[0]
}
}
$session=$session[0]
}
}
return $session
}
}
}IsConnectionned 接受两个参数，一个是ssh，一个为sftp，ssh可以直接运行shell命令，sftp则为上传/下载文件 调用方法 IsConnectionned ssh|sftp
在Linux中，获取到的任何信息都是字符串，如果要更好的理解内容，需要通过awk或sed等工具进行处理。
这里我从Linux中获取到的用户信息，进行了对象化处理。
function Shell{
param(
$command
)
$session=IsConnectionned ssh
$r=Invoke-SSHCommand -SSHSession $session -Command $command
$r=$r.Output -split "\n"
#Remove-SSHSession -SSHSession $session|Out-Null
#Write-Host "Return follow message:" -fore Yellow
return $r
}
function Get-LinuxUser{
$session=IsConnectionned ssh
$r=Invoke-SSHCommand -SSHSession $session -Command "cat /etc/passwd"
#Remove-SSHSession -SSHSession $session|Out-Null
#Write-Host "Return follow message:" -fore Yellow
$r = ($r.Output -split "\n")
$arr=New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
foreach($u in $r){
$u=$u -split ":"
$psobject = New-Object psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Server -Value $computer -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name UserName -Value $u[0] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Password -Value $u[1] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name UserUID -Value $u[2] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name UserGID -Value $u[3] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Comment -Value $u[4] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name HomeDirectory -Value $u[5] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Shell -Value $u[6] -InputObject $psobject
[void]$arr.add($psobject)
}
return $arr
Remove-Variable $u
Remove-Variable $psobject
Remove-Variable $arr
}
function Get-LinuxFileInfo{
param($filename)
if(-not([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($filename)) -and ($filename -notmatch "\\")){
$command="ls -l --full-time $filename|awk " + "‘" + ‘{print ‘ + ‘$1‘ + ‘,‘+ ‘$2‘+ ‘,‘ + ‘$3‘+ ‘,‘ + ‘$4‘+ ‘,‘ + ‘$5‘+ ‘,‘ + ‘$6‘+ ‘,‘ + ‘$7‘+ ‘,‘ + ‘$8‘+ ‘,‘ + ‘$9‘ +‘} ‘ + "‘"
$result=shell $command
$reArray=$result -split ‘\n‘
$fileInfoList=New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
foreach($re in $reArray){
if($re -eq ""){
break
}
$re=$re -split ‘ ‘
$re[6]=($re[6] -split ‘\.‘)[0]
$psobject=New-Object psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 服务器 -Value $computer -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 权限 -Value $re[0] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 文件数 -Value $re[1] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 用户 -Value $re[2] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 组 -Value $re[3] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 大小 -Value $re[4] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 日期 -Value $re[5] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 时间 -Value $re[6] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 时区 -Value $re[7] -InputObject $psobject
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 文件名 -Value $re[8] -InputObject $psobject
[void]$fileInfoList.add($psobject)
}
return $fileInfoList
}else{
Write-Warning "格式不正确或未指定Linux地址"
exit 1
}
}除了用户信息外，还可以扩展其他内容，以后通过Powershell查看Linux信息，也是如此easy。
上传文件到Linux服务器
function Upload-ToLinux{
param(
[alias(‘local‘)]$localPath,
[alias(‘remote‘)]$remotePath
)
#targetPath格式检查
if($remotePath -notmatch "/$"){
Write-Warning "RemotePath 格式错误,请以/结尾"
exit 1
}
$sftpsession=IsConnectionned "sftp"
$r=Test-SFTPPath -SFTPSession $sftpsession $remotePath
if((Test-Path $localPath) -and $r){
if(isDirectory $localPath){
#sourcePath格式检查
if($localPath -notmatch "\\$"){
Write-Warning "sourcePath 格式错误，请以\结尾"
exit 1
}
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString $passwd -AsPlainText -Force
$Credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($user,$password)
Set-SCPFolder -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -LocalFolder $localPath -RemoteFolder $remotePath -AcceptKey
}
if(isFile $localPath){
Set-SFTPFile -SFTPSession $sftpsession -LocalFile $localPath* -RemotePath $remotePath -Overwrite
}
}else{
Write-Warning "[本地路径] 或 [远程路径] 不存在"
exit 1
}
#Remove-SFTPSession -SFTPSession $sftpsession|Out-Null
}从Linux上下载文件
function Download-FromLinux{
param(
[alias(‘remote‘)]$remotePath,
[alias(‘local‘)]$localPath
)
if($remotePath -eq $null -or $localPath -eq $null){
Write-Warning "Usage: Download-FromLinx -remote RemotePath -local LocalPath"
exit 1
}
if(! (Test-Path $localPath)){
[void](mkdir $localPath)
}
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString $passwd -AsPlainText -Force
$Credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($user,$password)
try{
$session = IsConnectionned sftp
Get-SFTPFile -SFTPSession $session -RemoteFile $remotePath -LocalPath $localPath -Overwrite
}
catch{
if(($error[0] -match "not a regular file") -or ($error[0] -match "path is not a file")){
$ws = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell
$flag=$ws.Popup("远程地址是一个目录，请确认是否下载","10","请您选择",1)
if($flag -eq 1){
Get-SCPFolder -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -LocalFolder $localPath -RemoteFolder $remotePath -AcceptKey -Verbose
}
}
else{
Write-Error $error[0]
}
}
}本文出自 “bxing” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://bxing.blog.51cto.com/1677994/1877406
Powershell 之管理Linux服务器
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