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Centos7中systemctl命令详解

LinuxSystemctl是一个系统管理守护进程、工具和库的集合,用于取代System V、service和chkconfig命令,初始进程主要负责控制systemd系统和服务管理器。通过Systemctl –help可以看到该命令主要分为:查询或发送控制命令给systemd服务,管理单元服务的命令,服务文件的相关命令,任务、环境、快照相关命令,systemd服务的配置重载,系统开机关机相关的命令。 

1. 列出所有可用单元 

# systemctl list-unit-files

2. 列出所有运行中单元 

# systemctl list-units

3. 列出所有失败单元 

# systemctl –failed

4. 检查某个单元(如 crond.service)是否启用 

# systemctl is-enabledcrond.service 

5. 列出所有服务 

# systemctl list-unit-files –type=service

6. Linux中如何启动、重启、停止、重载服务以及检查服务(如 httpd.service)状态 

# systemctl start httpd.service

# systemctl restart httpd.service

# systemctl stop httpd.service

# systemctl reload httpd.service

# systemctl status httpd.service

注意:当我们使用systemctl的start,restart,stop和reload命令时,终端不会输出任何内容,只有status命令可以打印输出。

7. 如何激活服务并在开机时启用或禁用服务(即系统启动时自动启动mysql.service服务) 

# systemctl is-active mysql.service

# systemctl enable mysql.service

# systemctl disable mysql.service

8. 如何屏蔽(让它不能启动)或显示服务(如ntpdate.service) 

# systemctl mask ntpdate.service

ln -s ‘/dev/null”/etc/systemd/system/ntpdate.service’

# systemctl unmask ntpdate.service

rm ‘/etc/systemd/system/ntpdate.service’

9. 使用systemctl命令杀死服务 

# systemctl killcrond 

10. 列出所有系统挂载点 

# systemctl list-unit-files –type=mount

11. 挂载、卸载、重新挂载、重载系统挂载点并检查系统中挂载点状态 

# systemctl start tmp.mount

# systemctl stop tmp.mount

# systemctl restart tmp.mount

# systemctl reload tmp.mount

# systemctl status tmp.mount

12. 在启动时激活、启用或禁用挂载点(系统启动时自动挂载) 

# systemctl is-active tmp.mount

# systemctl enable tmp.mount

# systemctl disable tmp.mount

13. 在Linux中屏蔽(让它不能启用)或可见挂载点 

# systemctl mask tmp.mount

ln -s ‘/dev/null”/etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount’

# systemctl unmask tmp.mount

rm ‘/etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount’

14. 列出所有可用系统套接口 

# systemctl list-unit-files –type=socket

15. 检查某个服务的所有配置细节 

# systemctl showmysql 

16. 获取某个服务(httpd)的依赖性列表 

# systemctl list-dependencies httpd.service

17. 启动救援模式 

# systemctl rescue

18. 进入紧急模式 

# systemctl emergency

19. 列出当前使用的运行等级 

# systemctl get-default

20. 启动运行等级5,即图形模式 

# systemctl isolate runlevel5.target

# systemctl isolate graphical.target

21. 启动运行等级3,即多用户模式(命令行) 

# systemctl isolate runlevel3.target

# systemctl isolate multiuser.target

22. 设置多用户模式或图形模式为默认运行等级 

# systemctl set-default runlevel3.target

# systemctl set-default runlevel5.target

23. 重启、停止、挂起、休眠系统或使系统进入混合睡眠 

# systemctl reboot

# systemctl halt

# systemctl suspend

# systemctl hibernate

# systemctl hybrid-sleep

对于不知运行等级为何物的人,说明如下。

Runlevel 0 : 关闭系统

Runlevel 1 : 救援,维护模式

Runlevel 3 : 多用户,无图形系统

Runlevel 4 : 多用户,无图形系统

Runlevel 5 : 多用户,图形化系统

Runlevel 6 : 关闭并重启机器

Centos7中systemctl命令详解