首页 > 代码库 > string与spring mvc集成多种技术构建复杂工程(转载)

string与spring mvc集成多种技术构建复杂工程(转载)

使用spring集成其他技术,最基本的配置都是模板化的,比如配置视图模板引擎、数据库连接池、orm框架、缓存服务、邮件服务、rpc调用等,以spring的xml配置为例,我将这些配置过程整理出来,并不时更新,以备参考!

spring

  在普通的java工程中引入spring,只需要配置以下依赖

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

  实际开发中,如果你用了log4j等日志框架,最好排除掉spring对commons-logging的依赖,写demo就不用了

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<exclusions>
    <exclusion>
        <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
    </exclusion>
</exclusions>

  建一个spring-conf.xml,放在src/main/java目录(也就是所有包和类的根目录,即classpath),内容如下

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 
    <bean class="com.xmyself.Test" />
</beans>

  建一个Test.java类,这个类就是spring-conf.xml文件中定义的那个bean

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package com.xmyself;
public class Test {
    public void test() {
        System.out.println("spring is running");
    }
}

  写带有main方法的主类

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package com.xmyself;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        @SuppressWarnings("resource")
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-conf.xml");
        Test test = context.getBean(Test.class);
        test.test();
    }
}

  运行Main,就能看到“spring is running”输出,spring配置完成

spring mvc

  spring mvc是配置在web工程中的,使用spring mvc也只要配置一个依赖

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

  整一个Test.java类,这是个controller

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package com.xmyself.controller;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
 
@Controller
public class Test {
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    @ResponseBody
    public String test() {
        return "spring mvc running";
    }
}

  在src/main/resources目录下建一个spring目录,里面放一个mvc-init.xml,内容如下

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
 
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xmyself.controller" />
</beans>

  这个配置文件扫描了Test.java,最后修改web.xml来加载这个配置文件

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    version="2.5">
    <display-name>spring3mvc</display-name>
 
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath*:/spring/mvc-init.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

  初始化DispatcherServlet如果没有指定xml文件地址,spring默认去WEB-INF目录找[servlet-name]-servlet.xml,这里就是spring-servlet.xml

  启动工程,浏览器访问 http:localhost:8080/springmvc/test 就能看到返回 test 值了,spring mvc配置完成

freemarker模板引擎

  spring mvc通常要配置模板引擎,因为jsp太复杂了,而且有损mvc模型

  freemarker是一种严格遵循mvc模型的模板引擎,现在介绍它的spring mvc中的配置

  首先配置依赖

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
    <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.23</version>
</dependency>

  为什么要依赖spring-context-support?因为freemarker使用的视图解析器是由spring提供的,这个解析器就在spring-context-support的jar中,下面的配置过程会让你明白,在spring mvc的mvc-init.xml中配置freemarker

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<!-- freemarker config -->
<bean id="freemarkerConfig" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer">
    <property name="templateLoaderPath" value="http://www.mamicode.com/WEB-INF/page/" />
</bean>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver">
    <property name="suffix" value="http://www.mamicode.com/.ftl" />
    <property name="contentType" value="http://www.mamicode.com/text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
</bean>

  配置freemarker的本质是初始化上面的两个bean,所以,你可以把这段配置写在任意的xml文件,只要spring mvc能加载就行

  在WEB-INF目录建一个page目录,里面放一个freemarker.ftl文件,内容只有一句话“freemarker page 中文乱码测试”

  最后,在控制器写一个方法

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@RequestMapping("/freemarker")
public String freemarker() {
    return "freemarker";
}

  启动工程,访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/freemarker 就能看到“freemarker page 中文乱码测试”这句话了

thymeleaf模板引擎

  thymeleaf也是一个mvc模型的模板引擎,它的后缀是.html,所以thymeleaf模板的好处是不用渲染就能看到内容,现在spring也是推荐用thymeleaf作为spring mvc的模板引擎

  配置依赖

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
    <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring3</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

  这是thymeleaf与spring连接用的jar,它依赖了thymeleaf的jar,对于spring3和spring4,thymeleaf的依赖是不同的,配置也稍有不同,这点要注意,下面就开始配置thymeleaf

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<!-- thymeleaf config -->
<bean id="templateResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver">
    <property name="prefix" value="http://www.mamicode.com/WEB-INF/page/" />
    <property name="suffix" value="http://www.mamicode.com/.html" />
    <property name="templateMode" value="http://www.mamicode.com/HTML5" />
</bean>
<bean id="templateEngine" class="org.thymeleaf.spring3.SpringTemplateEngine">
    <property name="templateResolver" ref="templateResolver" />
</bean>
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring3.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
    <property name="templateEngine" ref="templateEngine" />
    <property name="characterEncoding" value="http://www.mamicode.com/UTF-8" />
</bean>

  这段配置放在spring mvc能读到的任意xml文件都可以

  在WEB-INF目录建一个page目录,里面放一个thymeleaf.html,内容只有一行“thymeleaf page 中文乱码测试”

  最后,在控制器写一个方法

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@RequestMapping("/thymeleaf")
public String thymeleaf() {
    return "thymeleaf";
}

  启动工程,访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/thymeleaf就能看到“thymeleafpage 中文乱码测试”这句话了

tomcat pool数据库连接池

  可能用dbcp、c3p0连接池的人多一点,其实tomcat pool更好,具体怎么好请google,下面介绍针对mysql数据库的配置过程

  配置依赖

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<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.27</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>7.0.73</version>
</dependency>

  tomcat-jdbc依赖了tomcat-juli,所以如果你在eclipse中为工程加入了tomcat的库,还需要单独加一个tomcat-juli的jar

  下面整一个Main.java来测试连接

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package com.xmyself;
 
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource;
import org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.PoolProperties;
 
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        PoolProperties p = new PoolProperties();
        p.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql");
        p.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        p.setUsername("root");
        p.setPassword("root");
        p.setJmxEnabled(true);
        p.setTestWhileIdle(false);
        p.setTestOnBorrow(true);
        p.setValidationQuery("SELECT 1");
        p.setTestOnReturn(false);
        p.setValidationInterval(30000);
        p.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(30000);
        p.setMaxActive(100);
        p.setInitialSize(10);
        p.setMaxWait(10000);
        p.setRemoveAbandonedTimeout(60);
        p.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(30000);
        p.setMinIdle(10);
        p.setLogAbandoned(true);
        p.setRemoveAbandoned(true);
        p.setJdbcInterceptors("org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState;"
                "org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementFinalizer");
        DataSource datasource = new DataSource();
        datasource.setPoolProperties(p);
        Connection con = null;
        try {
            con = datasource.getConnection();
            Statement st = con.createStatement();
            ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from user");
            int cnt = 1;
            while (rs.next()) {
                System.out.println((cnt++) + ". Host:" + rs.getString("Host")
                        " User:" + rs.getString("User") + " Password:"
                        + rs.getString("Password"));
            }
            rs.close();
            st.close();
        finally {
            if (con != null)
                try {
                    con.close();
                catch (Exception ignore) {
                }
        }
    }
}

  这个例子是tomcat官方文档给出的,运行结果如下

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1. Host:localhost User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B
2. Host:127.0.0.1 User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B
3. Host:::1 User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B
4. Host:localhost User: Password:
5. Host:% User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B

  那spring怎么集成tomcat pool呢?配置xml让spring加载就好了

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<bean id="datasource" class="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource" destroy-method="close">
    <property name="url" value="http://www.mamicode.com/jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql" />
    <property name="driverClassName" value="http://www.mamicode.com/com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
    <property name="username" value="http://www.mamicode.com/root" />
    <property name="password" value="http://www.mamicode.com/root" />
</bean>

  这里配置的属性与官方例子set方法中的属性完全相同,其余的我就不配置了

  然后写一个测试,这里以spring mvc为例,写一个controller,具体代码与上例相同

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@Controller
public class Test {
    @Autowired
    private DataSource datasource;
 
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    @ResponseBody
    public String test() throws Exception {
        Connection con = datasource.getConnection();
        // 拿到con就可以操作了
        return "spring mvc running";
    }
}

mybatis持久化框架

  mybatis轻量级,配置简单,使用方便,我们在tomcat pool基础上来配置,当然,使用tomcat pool配置只是为了得到dataSource,如果你用dbcp、c3p0等连接池,只要修改下这个dataSource的配置就好,mybatis本身的配置不用修改

  配置依赖

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>

  我们定义一个TestDao.java接口,这就是mybatis要实现的东西

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package com.xmyself.dao;
public interface TestDao {
    public String test();
}

  在src/main/resources目录建一个mapper目录,里面放一个TestDao.xml,内容如下

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.xmyself.dao.TestDao">
    <select id="test" resultType="java.lang.String">
        select "test"
    </select>
</mapper>

  mybatis通过一个xml文件实现了TestDao.java接口,很显然,这个实现过程肯定要用到dataSource,接下来的配置就是将TestDao.java、TestDao.xml、dataSource三者关联起来,在spring的xml配置文件(哪个配置文件没关系,只要spring能加载)添加如下内容

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<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource" destroy-method="close">
    <property name="url" value="http://www.mamicode.com/jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql" />
    <property name="driverClassName" value="http://www.mamicode.com/com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
    <property name="username" value="http://www.mamicode.com/root" />
    <property name="password" value="http://www.mamicode.com/root" />
</bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    <property name="mapperLocations" value="http://www.mamicode.com/classpath*:mapper/*.xml" />
</bean>
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
    <property name="basePackage" value="http://www.mamicode.com/com.xmyself.dao" />
    <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="http://www.mamicode.com/sqlSessionFactory" />
</bean>

  这个配置我其实有点疑惑,TestDao.xml中有对TestDao.java接口的声明,所以应该只需要将dataSource与TestDao.xml做关联就够了,但实际上我没有找到这种方式

  这时候启动工程,spring加载过程会报错,其实我是故意的,^_^

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Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean

  因为spring内部没有直接对mybatis的支持,所以需要依赖中间层jar包,另外,还需要spring-jdbc提供对dao的支持

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

  我们整一个类来测试吧,还是以spring mvc为例,整一个controller

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@Controller
public class Test {
    @Autowired
    private TestDao testDao;
 
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    @ResponseBody
    public String test() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(testDao.test());
        return "spring mvc running";
    }
}

  浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/test 就能看到后台输出“test”,mybatis配置完成

redis缓存服务

  redis是一种key-value非关系型数据库,特点是运行于内存中,速度快,作为缓存服务器非常不错

  java对redis数据库的访问是通过jedis完成的

  配置依赖

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<dependency>
    <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
    <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>

  初始化jedis连接,假设redis服务器地址为:192.168.253.128,端口:6379

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<bean id="jedisPoolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig">
    <property name="maxIdle" value="http://www.mamicode.com/100" />
    <property name="maxTotal" value="http://www.mamicode.com/300" />
    <property name="maxWaitMillis" value="http://www.mamicode.com/1000" />
    <property name="testOnBorrow" value="http://www.mamicode.com/true" />
</bean>
<bean id="jedisPool" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool">
    <constructor-arg index="0" ref="jedisPoolConfig" />
    <constructor-arg index="1" value="http://www.mamicode.com/192.168.253.128" type="java.lang.String" />
    <constructor-arg index="2" value="http://www.mamicode.com/6379" type="int" />
</bean>

  这段代码放在哪没关系,只要spring能加载到,注意,构造器注入一定要指明type类型

  然后我们整一个类来测试,以spring mvc为例,整一个controller

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@Controller
public class Test {
    @Autowired
    private JedisPool pool;
 
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    @ResponseBody
    public String test() {
        Jedis redis = pool.getResource();
        redis.set("test""test");
        System.out.println(redis.get("test"));
        return "spring mvc running";
    }
}

  浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/test,就能看到后台输出“test”,jedis配置完成

dubbo分布式服务

  dubbo是阿里巴巴开源的分布式rpc框架,现在假设服务提供方正常工作,我们只配置在spring中使用dubbo服务

  配置依赖,假设dubbo使用zookeeper作为注册中心

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<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.3</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
    <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
    <version>0.4</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>org.apache.zookeeper</artifactId>
            <groupId>zookeeper</groupId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
    <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.9</version>
</dependency>

  在src/main/resources的spring目录放一个dubbo-client.xml,内容如下

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
                        http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
    <!-- 服务名称 -->
    <dubbo:application name="dubbo-demo" />
    <!-- 注册中心 -->
    <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="172.17.210.124:2181" />
    <!-- 服务接口 -->
    <dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="org.dubbo.demo.client.DemoService" version="0.0.1" />
</beans>

  然后让spring加载dubbo-client.xml

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<import resource="classpath*:/spring/dubbo-client.xml" />

  启动工程,DemoService接口提供的方法就可以用了,就像调用本地方法一样

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@Controller
public class Test{
    @Autowired
    private DemoService demoService;
 
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    @ResponseBody
    public String test() {
        return demoService.test("dubbo-demo-test");
    }
}

  当然,服务使用者需要拿到服务提供者声明服务接口的jar,在公司内部,这通常也是一个依赖

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<dependency>
    <groupId>com.xmyself</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo-demo-client</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

java mail邮件服务

  spring封装了javaMail的邮件服务,让邮件服务使用起来更简单,下面以qq邮箱为例,用spring来发送邮件

  首先要配置qq邮箱,“设置”——“账户”,打开smtp服务,生成授权码,接下来用qq邮箱账号和授权码发邮件,而不是qq密码

技术分享

  spring的邮件服务在spring-context-support的jar中,只要配置下面两个依赖就够了

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<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
    <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

  然后写测试代码

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package com.xmyself.mail;
 
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl;
 
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender = new JavaMailSenderImpl();
        mailSender.setHost("smtp.qq.com");
        mailSender.setPort(587);
        mailSender.setUsername("573215750@qq.com");
        mailSender.setPassword("dsruklozelxcbdba");//授权码
         
        SimpleMailMessage mail = new SimpleMailMessage();
        mail.setTo("573215750@qq.com");
        mail.setFrom("573215750@qq.com");
        mail.setSubject("test mail");
        mail.setText("test mail content");
         
        mailSender.send(mail);
        System.out.println("success");
    }
}

  运行就可以发送邮件了,但这只是非常简单的文本邮件,不包含任何样式、图片和附件,接下来介绍复杂的邮件内容怎么发送,只需要修改发送的消息类型,发送方式与设置完全不变

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MimeMessage mail = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mail, true);//true用来打开multipart模式,添加图片或附件
 
helper.setTo("573215750@qq.com");
helper.setFrom("573215750@qq.com");
helper.setSubject("test mail");
helper.setText("<html><head></head><body>"
        "<h1>hello!!spring html Mail</h1>"
        "<img src=http://www.mamicode.com/"cid:image\" />"
        "</body></html>"
        true);
FileSystemResource image = new FileSystemResource(new File("d:/test.jpg"));
helper.addInline("image", image);

  将邮件内容设置为html文本,并添加了图片,我们还可以将图片作为附件而不是显示在邮件内容中

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helper.setText("<html><head></head><body>"
        "<h1>hello!!spring html Mail</h1>"
        "</body></html>"
        true);
FileSystemResource image = new FileSystemResource(new File("d:/test.jpg"));
helper.addAttachment("test.jpg", image);

string与spring mvc集成多种技术构建复杂工程(转载)