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国际化
国际化是桌面端的程序的必不可少的一个功能，基本上每个程序都会需要这样功能，但是多资源的文件来源可以多种多样，包含xml文件、resource资源文件等等，现先介绍这两种多语言文件的实现国际化的方法。
一、resource资源文件
无论是WPF还是WinForm都对这种资源文件提供支持，切换语言时，只需要设置Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture就可进行语言的切换。UI使用多语言的方法如下:
1 //定义资源的一个变量 2 private ResourceManager _resouceManager = null; 3 4 public ApplyResourceFile() 5 { 6 InitializeComponent(); 7 8 LoadResource(); 9 }10 11 private void LoadResource()12 {13 _resouceManager = new ResourceManager("LocalizeWinForm.LanguageResources.Language", typeof(ApplyResourceFile).Assembly);14 }15 16 /// <summary>17 /// 通过Key得到相应的语言资源文件中定义的文本18 /// </summary>19 /// <param name="str"></param>20 /// <returns></returns>21 public string GetMsg(string str)22 {23 return _resouceManager.GetString(str);24 }25 26 private void rb_English_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)27 {28 CultureInfo cultureInfo = null;29 if (rb_English.Checked)30 {31 Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-GB");32 }33 else34 {35 Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-Hans");36 }37 }
二、XML资源
1.语言文件定义Language.en-GB.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 2 <!--本文档集成所有窗体的控件配置--> 3 <language id="en-GB" name="english"> 4 <btn_Close>Close</btn_Close> 5 <btn_Ok>Ok</btn_Ok> 6 <cb_basketball>basketball</cb_basketball> 7 <cb_football>football</cb_football> 8 <cb_tennis>tennis</cb_tennis> 9 <groupBox_FavoriteSport>What is you favorite sport?</groupBox_FavoriteSport>10 <groupBox_Gender>Gender</groupBox_Gender>11 <lbl_Age>Age</lbl_Age>12 <lbl_Name>Name</lbl_Name>13 <rb_Female>Female</rb_Female>14 <rb_Male>Male</rb_Male>15 </language>
2.简单定义一个XMLHelper类，来处理XML中的数据
1 internal class XMLHealper 2 { 3 #region 字段 4 5 private XmlDocument _xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); 6 7 #endregion 8 9 #region 构造函数10 11 public XMLHealper()12 {13 14 }15 16 public XMLHealper(string path)17 {18 OpenXML(path);19 }20 21 #endregion22 23 #region 加载XML文件，创建操作对象24 25 /// <summary>26 /// 加载XML文件，创建操作对象27 /// </summary>28 public void OpenXML(string filePath)29 {30 try31 {32 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filePath))33 {34 _xmlDoc.Load(filePath);35 }36 }37 catch (Exception ex)38 {39 throw ex;40 }41 }42 43 #endregion44 45 #region 得到数据表46 47 /// <summary>48 /// 得到节点数据表49 /// </summary>50 /// <returns></returns>51 public DataView GetNodeData(string tagName)52 {53 DataSet ds = null;54 XmlNodeList nodeList = _xmlDoc.GetElementsByTagName(tagName);55 if (nodeList == null || nodeList.Count == 0)56 {57 return null;58 }59 else60 {61 ds = new DataSet();62 XmlNode node = nodeList[0];63 StringReader reader = new StringReader(node.OuterXml);64 ds.ReadXml(reader);65 return ds.Tables[0].DefaultView;66 }67 }68 69 #endregion70 }
3.定义一个LocalizeByXMLFile,实现当语言切换时，能自动获取到当前语言的文本信息
1 public class LocalizeByXMLFile 2 { 3 private string _languageXMLPath = string.Empty; 4 private string _languageTagName = string.Empty; 5 private string _languageCode = string.Empty; 6 private DataRow _resource = null; 7 8 public LocalizeByXMLFile(string languageXMLPath,string languageTagName) 9 {10 _languageXMLPath = languageXMLPath;11 _languageTagName = languageTagName;12 }13 14 /// <summary>15 /// Load data from xmlPath16 /// </summary>17 /// <param name="languageXMLPath"></param>18 private void LoadResource(string languageXMLPath)19 {20 XMLHealper xh = new XMLHealper(languageXMLPath);21 DataView dv = xh.GetNodeData(_languageTagName);22 _resource = dv[0].Row;23 }24 25 /// <summary>26 /// 判断当前的语言是否与CurrentUICulture相同，如果不同，则需要重新加载XML Data27 /// </summary>28 public DataRow Resource29 {30 get31 {32 string currentLanguageCode = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.Name;33 if(_languageCode != currentLanguageCode)34 {35 _languageCode = currentLanguageCode;36 string specialLanguageXMLPath = _languageXMLPath.Insert(_languageXMLPath.LastIndexOf(".") + 1, currentLanguageCode + ".");37 LoadResource(specialLanguageXMLPath);38 }39 return _resource;40 }41 set42 {43 _resource = value;44 }45 }46 47 /// <summary>48 /// 获取对应语言的消息49 /// </summary>50 /// <param name="str"></param>51 /// <returns></returns>52 public string GetMsg(string str)53 {54 string val = "";55 try56 {57 val = Resource[str].ToString();58 }59 catch60 {61 // "Cannot Found:" + strId + " , Please Add it to Resource File.";62 }63 return val;64 }65 }
4.使用LocalizeByXMLFile来实现多语言
1 private LocalizeByXMLFile _localize = new LocalizeByXMLFile(@"LanguageResources\Language.xml", "language");2 localizeByXMLFile.GetMsg("key");
三、在特定的项目中如何实现多语言
1.对于WPF项目而言，可以直接在xaml文件中使用Binding来实现Text的多语言切换，如<TextBox Text = {binding LanguageResource["txtKey"]}>
2.对于WinForm项目可言，UI的多语言的实现可以稍麻烦一点，可实现一个类来遍历UI中的所有元素，然后然后languageResource的getString()来设置UI的文本。
1 public class LocalizeForm : LocalizeByXMLFile 2 { 3 public LocalizeForm(string languageXMLPath, string languageTagName) 4 :base(languageXMLPath,languageTagName) 5 { 6 7 } 8 9 public void FormatUI(System.Windows.Forms.Control control)10 {11 control.Text = GetMsg(control.Name);12 for (int i = 0; i < control.Controls.Count; i++)13 {14 switch (control.Controls[i].GetType().Name)15 {16 case "Label":17 case "Button":18 case "CheckBox":19 case "RadioButton":20 case "LinkLabel":21 case "ToolStripMenuItem":22 control.Controls[i].Text = GetMsg(control.Controls[i].Name);23 break;24 case "Panel":25 case "GroupBox":26 case "TableLayoutPanel":27 case "FlowLayoutPanel":28 FormatUI(control.Controls[i]);29 break;30 case "MenuStrip":31 MenuStrip msp = (MenuStrip)control.Controls[i];32 foreach (ToolStripMenuItem n in msp.Items)33 {34 FormatMenuItem(n);35 }36 break;37 case "TabControl":38 TabControl tbc = (TabControl)control.Controls[i];39 for (int j = 0; j < tbc.TabCount; j++)40 {41 tbc.TabPages[j].Text = GetMsg(tbc.TabPages[j].Name);42 FormatUI(tbc.TabPages[j]);43 }44 break;45 default:46 break;47 }48 }49 }50 51 /// <summary>52 /// 匹配ToolStripMenuItem53 /// </summary>54 /// <param name="menuItem"></param>55 private void FormatMenuItem(ToolStripMenuItem menuItem)56 {57 if (menuItem.HasDropDownItems == false)58 {59 menuItem.Text = GetMsg(menuItem.Name);60 }61 else62 {63 for (int i = 0; i < menuItem.DropDownItems.Count; i++)64 {65 if (menuItem.DropDownItems[i] is ToolStripSeparator)66 {67 continue;68 }69 else70 {71 FormatMenuItem((ToolStripMenuItem)menuItem.DropDownItems[i]);72 }73 }74 }75 }76 }
然后在Form.cs中直接调用如下代码
/// <summarys> /// <summary> /// 1.通过资源文件来设置多语言 /// </summary> /// <summary> /// 2.通过加载XML文件来设置多语言 /// </summary> /// </summarys> public partial class ApplyResourceFile : Form { /* private ResourceManager _resouceManager = null; public ApplyResourceFile() { InitializeComponent(); } public override void LoadResource() { _resouceManager = new ResourceManager("LocalizeWinForm.LanguageResources.Language", typeof(ApplyResourceFile).Assembly); } /// <summary> /// 通过资源文件来设置多语言 /// </summary> /// <param name="str"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override string GetMsg(string str) { return _resouceManager.GetString(str); } private void rb_English_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { CultureInfo cultureInfo = null; if (rb_English.Checked) { cultureInfo = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-GB"); } else { cultureInfo = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-Hans"); } SetLanguage(cultureInfo); } */ private LocalizeByXMLFile _localize = new LocalizeByXMLFile(@"LanguageResources\Language.xml", "language"); private LocalizeForm _localizeForm = new LocalizeForm(@"LanguageResources\Language.xml", "language"); public ApplyResourceFile() { InitializeComponent(); } private void rb_English_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (rb_English.Checked) { Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-GB"); } else { Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-Hans"); } } private void ApplyResourceFile_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { _localizeForm.FormatUI(this); } private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-Hans"); _localizeForm.FormatUI(this); } }
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